Pronouns - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki
Pronouns
Egyptian pronouns seem to hint at a linguistic Bridge between Semitic/Berber- languages and European languages:
| Person | Sign | Suffix | Dependent | Cognates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st s. | 𓇋 | -ı͗ | 𓏌𓎡𓍢 urkwo, 𓍢𓇋 wı͗ | I,je,ich,ego,•eghwo,we,wo,𓅱,my,me,𒈨 |
| 2nd s.m. | 𓎡 | -qu | 𓏏𓍢 tu | you / thou,tu,Du,thou⋍cou⋍𓍿⋍𒍪 zu 𒅗 ka 𒆪 ku 𒆠 kī |
| 2nd s.f. | 𓏏 | -te | 𓏏𓈖 tən | ta,tien,ton,thyn,Deine, 𒌆 tu |
| 3rd s.m. | 𓆑 | -φ •qvr | who,phe,phisšina,que •wer | |
| 3rd s.m. | 𓆑 | •sn | 𓇓𓍢 su | sein,son,su𓍢 𒋙 šú 𒋗su 𒋗𒉡šunu 𒅆𒈾šina |
| 3rd s.f. | 𓋴 | -s | 𓋴𓏭 si 𓋴𓏮, 𓋴 s | she, sie, es, 𒐼sa, 𒅆si |
| 1st p. | 𓈖𓏪 | -nu | 𓈖𓏥 nu | #nīnu,nu𓍢,nous,uns,on,𒉡,𒉌,𐎵Nu nos n̥s-mé @ PIE |
| 2nd p. | 𓏏𓈖𓏪 | -tn | 𓍿𓈖𓏥 tn𓏥 | ton,thine,τιμή 𒆪𒉡 𒆪 𒉡 … 𐌅𐌍 |
| 3rd p. | 𓋴𓈖𓏪 | -sn | 𓋴𓈖𓏥 sn𓏥 | 𒋙𒌦 šúun 𒋙𒉌šúni 𒅆𒈾 šina 𐌄𐌉𐌍 semn⋍them (their) 𐌄 |
𓋴𓈖𓏥 šunūti 𒋗𒉡𒋾 𒋙𒉡𒋾
plural 𓈖𓏥 -n
Note the International plural marker -n 𓈖𓏥
Straßen… children… -𒉈𒉈 seine…
𓏤 on 𒂊𒉈 e-ne; 𒀀𒉈 a-ne "he, she" 3ʳᵈ case ⇔ 𒂊𒉈𒉈 e-ne-ne 𒀀𒉈𒉈 a-ne-ne "they"
bound plural:
𒉿𒄿𒋙𒉡 pi-i-šú-nu Phressen "their mouths" ( bound plural pronouns )
that
3rd neutrum 𓋴 𓏏 cet that
who
𓏲 𓏥 | (suffix prn.) they, them, their | ⇔ who wem wen
ante 𓈖 𓏏 …
Independent pronouns are prefixed by 𓈖𓏏 which is similar to latin ante- or 𓈖𓈖 'anna' as directional Anrede (address), comparable with ancient greek ἦστ (n)este forms, Albanian un-ë and Hebrew an-i.
𓈖 𓏏 ANTE in Pronouns
𓈖 𓏏 𓆑 ntof m, nətta m @ Tarifiyt Berber
𓈖 𓏏 ntos f, nəttaŧ f @ Tarifiyt Berber
sein
𓋴 𓈖 𓏪 ενέενσι 𐀁𐀃 ˢe.oⁿ sein εών ειμί I am , to be 𐀁𐀚𐀁𐀯 ˢe-ne-e-si ενέενσι ειμί they/there are
Later ante was simplified to 'taii/tau ⋍ to/de :
| EG | EN | note | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 𓏏 𓄿 𓇋 𓇋 𓀀 | (pos. adj.) my | TO me (der Meine) | |
| 𓏏 𓄿 𓇋 𓇋 𓆑 | (pos. adj.) his | TO svun (dessen,dem,den) | |
| 𓏏 𓄿 𓇋 𓇋 𓎡 | (pos. adj.) your | TO kyou (Dich,Dir,Dein) | |
| 𓏏 𓄿 der, die, das, that 𓏏𓏏 see Reflexives 𓊪𓅱 who(n) ⋍ pwy (Celtic) |
ich ick ego 𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂
⚠️ 𒆪𒈠 ku.ma 𒁹𒆪 iku “anaku” vs 𒆪𒉡 kunu 𓎡𓈖 thine 二²
ego < enkwo < 𓏌𓎡𓍢 urnkwo/nurkwo
𒀀𒈾𒆪 a-na-ku < ante-Icku
The complicated form for "I" 𓏌𓎡𓍢 urkwoʳ is echoed in
Gothic 𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂 ugkar and Hittite 𒌑𒊌 •wekhoʳ > ego Ick, Ich, wez (us,our) 𒌦 UKU₃ UNG uŋ₃ 𓏌ⁿurn
In it's old reading 𓏌 nur > urn 𓏌 it reads as :
𓏌𓎡𓍢 urnkwo > anaku 𒀀𒈾𒆪 ante Ich אָנוֹכִי ʾānôḵî 我 ngo5 and Phoenician 𐤀𐤍𐤊 ʾnk 𐤀𐤍𐤊𐤉 ʾnky “I” 𓇋𓀀 𒁹𒆪 Ĩku
The first person form is irregular with variants of
𓅱𓎡𓀀 ück,ego,ich,eghwo,wogo, ĝu𒈬,ĝa𒂷,𐎀𐎐𐎋, an'ich, nik, nga 我 < ante.yo ☑!
𓅱𓀀 own wo 我 we ma म moi,মই,mon,мань, man, мин min,mine,manch,mich,moi,ⲙⲙⲟ⳼ … 𐎀𐎐 ^^
𓅱𓀀 ami 𐤠𐤪𐤰 amu 𐊚𐊎𐊒 ẽmu 𐎀𐎐 AnI unë እኔ (ʾəne) أَنَا ʾanā æna אנא inā ܐܢܐ naya an-yo Ente.I ante-I AmBi
𓀀 ⲙⲙⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟ⳼ (my)self ⇔ mono, mine, moi
Ente 𓅱 ĝuĝa 𒈬𒂷 𓅱 𐊚𐊎𐊒 ẽmu 𓆂 niǎo 鸟 𓈖𓇋𓅱𓅦 !
It belongs to the Eurasian superfamilies which use m,w,n,g for first person consonants, but not say b,l,r,t (at least not in a leading position). Like "mama" it might be anatomically prewired though.
dyuk / kyut
Astonishingly the second person is perfectly attested in Gothic: 𓎡𓏏𓍢 𐌾𐌿𐍄 ᵏyou-two 𓎡 𐌾
The compound form 𓏏 𓅱 𓎡 Dich ⋍ դուք dukʰ ⋍ تك tak combines t&k 𓏏&𓎡,
as does Kartvelian თქვენ (tkven) < 𓏏 𓅱 𓍿 𓈖 𓏥 ( Du Dein / Dir Dein / die Deinigen... )
old forms
The hypothesized ancient forms of the ‘letters’ 𓆑 𓎡 𓇋 𓅱 (see Alphabet and Axioms) with slight shifts and dangling connotations play well into the above table:
𓆑 φ pthn⋍s*n: φίδιn python snake [usually simply transcribed as ‘f’]
𓎡 *tcu: Kelle/cup/tasse [alt] vs jug, jar
𓇋 *fe feather/vieh ⇨ ve / we
𓅱 µω:= u, uu, w, ‘un, ‘en, mwn
possessives
Compare "possessive adjectives"
-𓏌𓅱 -URN! nord⇨ northern 𓎔𓎛𓅱𓇇
Late reading of «𓏌» as «o» meaning 'of'
The differend casi are related to numbers :
Plural 𓏪 ‘thir3’ 𓈖𓏪 n.thir⇨unser ω+𓋴+𓂋
Dual
The following are the personal pronouns of Mehri, an extant language spoken in Yemen & Oman:
| person | english | Mehri | EG | IE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | "I" | hōh -ī | 𓇋 | ich I |
| 2nd sg. masc. | "you" | -(A)k | 𓎡 | kyou? |
| 3rd sg. masc. | "he" | -(A)h | 𓆑 | he (phy who) |
| 3rd sg. fem. | "she" | -(A)s | 𓋴 | she |
| 1st pl. | "we" | nḥah -an | 𓈖𓏪 | nous uns |
| 2nd pl. fem. | "you" | tān -kan | 𓍿𓏪 | thine |
| 3rd pl. fem. | "they" | sān -san | 𓋴𓏪 | them, seine |
This paradigma has an astonishing alignment with the Egyptian pronouns, and with english / ‘European’ pronouns for that matter! It also reflects the t/c/k 𓏏𓍿𓎡 shift for 'thy'.
Mehri sounded foreign ‘barbaric’ to al-Hamdani, a well versed Arabic geographer -945 A.D, suggesting that it was not Northwest-Semitic.
The basic pronouns align well with PIE (especially Spanish, English and German),
However the Egyptian forms align even better with Berber dialects, warranting the long held association with Afroasiatic (Semitic-Hamitic) languages:
Berber nat/nath⋍nas: natche (𓈖𓏏-je) natta (𓈖𓏏-ta) nasse (𓈖𓏏-she)
Again, this may not forbid links to European languages, rather hint to basal Egyptian intermediate or root forms.
Kartvelian languages belong to the same superfamily :
In the context of Maykop, the central new puzzle-piece in the formation of urbanization, allow us to compare the Kartvelian paradigm (e.g. Georgian):
| Person | Suffix | Kartvelian | Dependent | Cognates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st s. | 𓇋 | me | 𓅱 | I,je,ich,we,wo,wir,𓅱,me,my |
| 2nd s.m. | 𓎡 | she(n) | 𓏏𓍢 tu(n) | thou,tu,Du,Seine…(majestic) |
| 2nd s.f. | 𓏏 | she(n) | 𓏏𓈖 tən | ta,tien,Deine |
| 3rd s.m. | 𓆑 | es | 𓇓𓍢 su | phe,phis,son,sein,su,es |
| 3rd s.f. | 𓋴 | es,eg | 𓋴,Γ | she, sie, es |
| 1st p. | 𓈖𓏪 | ჩვენ čvenu | 𓈖𓏥 nus | nu𓍢,nous,uns,on |
| 2nd p. | 𓏏𓈖𓏪/𓎡𓈖𓏥 | tkven! | 𓏏𓈖𓏥 tn𓏥 | ton,thine |
| 3rd p. | 𓋴𓈖𓏪 | eseni | 𓋴𓈖𓏥 sn𓏥 | semn⋍them (their) |
note the second person plural 𓏏𓎡𓈖𓏪 tkven, being the perfect intermediate between Egyptian 𓏏𓈖𓏪 and 𓎡𓈖𓏥.
Is it possible that Kartvelian languages belong to the same superfamily?
Through intense contact, people of different genetical and linguistic background can adopt not just loanwords and wanderwords but even grammatical features. We propose that PIE and Semitic were both heavily influenced by the pioneers of the copper revolution, with their early centers in Varna and Maykop, Caucasia.
𓏏𓍿 as th/c is forgivably cose to 'sh'
Also note the pluralis maiestatis
We 𓅱 我
Dein 𓏏𓈖 𓍿𓈖 Shenǐ 你
Looking at Uralic, the idea of a Nostratic core structure seems very plausible.
Contrast this beautiful alignment with Turk grammar.
Oddity: compare Berber natta - هو with 𓆑 φ pthn⋍s*n: φίδιn python snake
𓏏 𓄿 der / dlar : reflexive 'that'
Next: Interrogatives / Reflexives
The second person has strong connections to "Your honor / my esteemed" ⇔ Timo deem τιμή German 'Anerkennung' might preserve or reflect old forms as 𒆪𒉡
The transition between the slightly xenotic second person Du Tu Cu and French vous is perfectly captured in arabian ظر which is transcribed as DHuu but pronounced more like vous.
𓆑 who/𒀀𒉌/wen/wem/whose 𓊪𓍢 he/his … 𓆑 -sein 𒋗𒉡 -šunu 𒅆𒈾 -šina !
𓈖𓏥 NOUS => Ⱀ Našь ,Nashi Н, Њ /n/, /ours
𓆑](𓆑) -φ/sn => Ⱁ О / On he
-μαι greek verb suffix ⇔ make 𓅓𓁹
𓏤 on 𒂊𒉈 e-ne; 𒀀𒉈 a-ne "he, she" ⇔ 𒂊𒉈𒉈 e-ne-ne 𒀀𒉈𒉈 a-ne-ne "they"
Hungarian ego:
ír (“to write”) →
írok (“I write, I am writing”)
írnék (“I would write”)
írjak (“I should write”)
See Gender 𓄿 𓅱 𓅮 𓅭 𓅬 and articles
Animate noun pronoun-suffixes in Elamite
-k ik ego I ⇔ 𓏌𓎡𓍢
-t tu you ⇔ 𓏏𓍢
-r er ⇔ 𓆑
König "I, king"
Könit "You, king"
Köner "He, king"
𒈾 ku-ú-a 𒄩 ḪA qua que the precative particle 𒀀𒀀 aᶢᵘa 𒅗𒅗 𒋛𒂵 KA.KA si-ga
𓇓 𓅱 / 𓇓 𓏲 su se sein 𒋳𒑑 suv-va "him"
𒈬 ŊU/ĜU G̃U₁₀ ngô 我 I ≈ nous “i14” “ia5” my mine (1.st person pronouns) ⇔ ÑU ≈ nous 𓈖 𓏥
mein(e)
𓈖𓏥 𒈨𒂗𒉈𒂗 me-en-de₃-en menden "we" 𓈖𓏥 𒈨𒂗𒉈𒂗 #nīnu "wir" 𐌌𐌉𐌓 mir 𓈗