Prepositions - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki

โ€œPrepositions are among the most idiosyncratic words of any language. Often it is impossible to translate the prepositions of one language exactly into those of another.โ€
Given this observation by a wise Egyptologist it is even more astonishing that we can grasp most Egyptian prepositions just by looking at their alphabetic values, at least if we know some German and very basic Spanish and (ร ) French:

๐“ t to, at, ata
๐“ˆ– n an (of, belonging to, for), on, naโ€™ (nach, to), in (time), ana ๐’€€๐’ˆพ ,ina ๐’€ธ,๐“ˆ–
๐“‚‹ r ร  (french) at, re, vers, towards, as for, from, so that, to, until
๐“‚œ nษ™ no negation (also ๐“‚œ๐“ˆ– non, not ๐“‚œ๐“ anti- โฒโฒง- , โฒโฒ‘-)
๐“‡ milk ๊Ÿฟi โ‹ wie / like / similak similar misma
๐“…“ 'm':
๐“…“ im: in, en, ษ˜n, im
๐“…“ mi: mit=com=with
๐“…“ im: gerund prefix โ‹ing (im Tanze โ€”> dancing)
๐“…“ ยตo: negation at start of sentence
๐“…“ mano ๐“‚œ negation (keltic/gaelic) Schlitten shitem ๐“๐“ƒ๐“…“ ฯฃโฒงโฒ‰โฒ™ donโ€™t โ€ฆ
๐“…“๐“…“โ‡จ๐“…” โ€˜mn': among (๐“…“๐“…“๐“‚ etc variants giving the โ€˜oโ€™)

We postulate either an ambiguity or trisonant reading of '๐“…“' โœดAmber
1.) M
2.) P'R ยซbirdยป

The second reading covers nicely the European prepositional megacluster of
๐“…“๐“…จ โœดฦฅโ€™r: per, par, para, peri, prรค, pro, for, fรผr, รผber, hyper, super, over, pre, prรค, vor, fore, ๐“…“๐“‚ froโ€™ from โ‰  ๐“…–

Which itself connects with the semitic mega cluster C-V-R (meaning cover ...)

๐“ท [ob/Hr] cObHerr ๐“ท Ober, ob, auf, up, upon, on, and, obโ‡จbecause (german)
๐“ถ โœดฦฅโ€™rs first ๐“ถ๐“ค๐“ˆ– presence phrs โ‡จ face
๐“ถ top , atop
๐“ท *head โ‡จ at โ‡ฆchat โ‡” ๐“„‚๐“

combined:
๐“ˆ–๐“ ante(Latin) an-to towards โ€ฆ
๐“Ž›๐“ˆ–๐“‚ แธซand : and with
๐“Ž›๐“‚๐“ˆ– แธซon, con, com, comme (with + and)
๐“„‚๐“ cแธซat head
๐“„‚๐“ pแธซanthr โ‹ front
๐“„– back heck hock
๐“…๐“ˆ–๐“ front / Kante [xnt] ๐“… FNT/PNT/5 vs ๐“ƒ FORe/FRo/FROm/FROnt/fourth/4
๐“…๐“ˆ–๐“๐“ฎ fronty (adj.) frontier, foremost, pre-eminent in, principal, protruding
๐“๐“†‘๐“ zufacein' front, in front of, towards, according to, as well as, corresponding to, โ€œkatzenโ€ โ‹ ้ข miร n ?
๐“…“ ๐“…๐“ˆ–๐“ im front: in the face of, within, out of, throughout, pervading {M3 Aa1 X1 D54}
๐“†ฑ๐“๐“๐“‚ป achter (behind) [xtx] ๐“†ฑ๐“๐“†ฑ๐“†ฑ๐“ค through
๐“‚‹๐“‡‰๐“„ฟ๐“ถ rear behind, hinder hinter
๐“‡‹๐“†›๐“ˆ–๐“ **hind-**๐“‚พ hinter hinder โ‹ ๐“Ž›๐“†ฐ๐“ˆ–๐“Ž›๐“‚ฝ hinder = detain โ‡” Schindbein ๐“†“๐“ˆ–๐“Ž›๐“‚พ
๐“๐“๐“ toute / total not to be confused with
๐“๐“ โ€˜thatโ€™ or ๐“๐“ tit ๐“‚‘๐“‚‘ = ๐“ƒ€๐“๐“„น (bust/breast)

[Hr] ๐“ท๐“‚‹ ob/car(french) since, over, before, until, kartam โ‡”
[Kr] ๐“‡ฅ๐“‚‹ corear, corner (at an end), carry offerโ‡จover (done) ๐“‡ฅ๐“‚‹๐“€œ hinderยฟ
[Xr] ๐“Œจ๐“‚‹ under charge/care of, carrying (holding, possessing) โ‹ ๐“Žก๐“‚‹ โ‹
[xr] ๐“๐“‚‹ sรปr, share, carry with, near, kartam, under (a king), to, by (of agent)
All related to greek and german 'gar', see also Interrogatives

โ‡” circa?

๐“‡‹ ๐“…ฑ ๐“‚œ ๐“˜ ๐“‡‹ anti (what is not)

๐“Ž›๐“ˆ–๐“‚ แธซeno ham@Persian ๅ’Œ hรฉ ๆฒณhรฉ=๐“ˆ– ่ฟ˜ hรกi (Chilli con carne etc)

Sumerian prepositions

๐’Šญโ€ฆ๐’…— ลกaโ€ฆka zuโ€ฆgegen genitiv ๐’Šญ ๐’ˆ ๐’ˆฌ๐’• ๐’…— ลกร  mamuda ka "dreaming; im Traum" ๐’‹š ลกร ?

๐’…†โ€ฆ๐’…— igiโ€ฆka gegen face(ing) + genitiv ๐’…† ๐’‹ข๐’‚ต๐’‡ด๐’ˆ  ๐’…— igi ลกรบgalamma ka "vor dem Tor" ๐’‹™? ๐’…†โ€ฆ๐’‹— igiโ€ฆลกรน ๐’…† ๐’ช igi zu ลกรน "vor Dich hin" ( ๐’‹™ ๐’‚  other ลกรน ? ) ๐’…†โ€ฆ igiโ€ฆ gegenโ€ฆ facingโ€ฆ ๐’…† ๐’ช igi zu "against you; in front of you"

๐’‚‡ AGA ๐’‚† AGAโ‚ƒ ๐’€€๐’‚ต a-gaสณ achter "after, (be)hindโ€ฆ" โ‰ˆ ๐’‚• EฤœER EฤœIR โ‰ˆ ๐“†ฑ ๐“ ๐“ aghter after ๐“‡ฅ ๐“‚‹ ๐“€œ ืื—ืจื™ืช สผachฤƒrรฎyth rear, end #arkatu

๐’Œ‹ UGU ๐’Œ‹๐’…— augh auf over upon ๐’Œ‹๐’ˆจ๐’‚— ugu me-en "auf uns"

๐’Š• SAG ๐’Š• ๐’Šฎ๐’‚ต๐’‰ˆ๐’†ค SAG ล ร€-GA-NE-Gรˆ "on top of his heart" <> super

๐’‹ SIG aลŸaฤŸฤฑ หขlow ๐’‹ SIG ๐’‹โ€ฆ๐’‹™ sous ๐’‹๐’€ subโ€ฆ zu Fรผssen ๐’‹Ÿ under(neath) โ€ฆ

๐’†  ki quo "where" quo vadis "where do you go" ๐’†  ๐’€ ๐’บ๐’€€ ki สทal-du-a "wo er waltet"

๐’†  kiแต com "with" ๐’† ๐’ˆฌ๐’„– ki-mu-gu โ€˜com egoโ€™ "with me" ๐’† โ€ฆ๐’„ฐ kiโ€ฆkam com ๐’† ๐’€ญ๐’Œ“๐’„ฐ ki' แดฐแต‰แต’ Babar kam "with the Sungod" ๐’† โ€ฆ๐’…— kiโ€ฆka "and with" -que ๐’†  medina "mit" ๐’† โ€ฆ๐’‹— kiโ€ฆลกรน โ€˜zuโ€™ "to" (local and temporal) ๐’†  ki kiแต zu-e-ne-ne "with yous" (thine sen ๐“ฟ๐“ˆ–๐“ฅ)

๐’• da ๐“‚ž side da-bi "with him" โš ๏ธ ๐“Ž›๐“ˆ–๐“‚

๐’ˆฌ mu um โ€ฆ im Namen ๐’ˆฌ๐’‰๐’€€ "um seinetwillen; in seinem Namen"

๐’Œ“ ud at ante da โ€ฆ "when" ๐’Œ“ ude -''- ๐’‚—โ€ฆ๐’Œ“ enโ€ฆuda "when that โ€ฆ" while ๐’‚—โ€ฆ๐’€ธ enaโ€ฆรกลก "in (der Zeit) als"

๐’‹—๐’ƒป๐’Œ‰๐’‡ฒ๐’‰ ล U.GAR DUMU แถ LAโ‚‚ BI ยซsogar dann falls wennยป "if, when" ๐’‹—๐’ƒป๐’Œ‰๐’‡ฒ๐’‰ ล U.GAR.TUR.LAL.BI #tukumbi #ลกumma "if, when"

โ€ฆ๐’ˆพ (e)na ยฌnot "ohne" za-e-na "except you"

Akkadian prepositions

๐’• da de ็š„๏ผˆto,at,et,of,with) attribute prefix or suffix