Gunu - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki

gunรป

gunรป is an ubiquitous ligature sign modification adding four vertical or horizontal strokes:

๐’ฆ โ‹ ๐’€พ โ‹ ๐’‘“ โ‹ ๐’†ฆ โ‹ ๐’ฉ โ‹ gunรป โ‡” ๐’‹— ลกu ๐’‘• ๐’‘‘ ๐’€ผ ๐’ˆ› ๐’‰ฃ โ‡” ลกeลกig tenu nutillu ๐’ˆ 

๐’‰ฃ nuฤ โ‰ˆ ฤun in gunu ๐’‡๐’‰ฃ paragon = diagonal

e.g. ๐’…† => ๐’…Š

๐’Ž™ 'gunu' / ๐’Šบ ล E-'gunu' => ลกeลกig ๐’Œจ => ๐’Œช

gunu especially in its form of ๐’Ž™ ๐’Šบ ๐’‘ may be related to ๐’‰† NAM, phonetically as ablaut marker? ๐’„Š๐’€ด ลกakanโ‚† ุญูŽุงูƒูู… หขแธฅฤkim "governor" => ๐’‰†๐’„Š๐’€ด NAM ลกakanโ‚† โ‰ˆ ุญููƒู’ู…ูุฉ หขhukmah "governorship"

mesh gunu

In Proto-Cuneiform and in Elamite gunu was often realized as a mesh similar to
๐’†œ kaskal
๐œŽค ๐œŽฆ ๐œŽง in ๐œ“ต ๐œŽฏ ๐œŽฐ
๐œ“… ๐œš ๐œ• ๐œ” ๐œ– ๐œ™ ๐œ˜ ๐œ’ค
๐œ’ฅ ๐œ‘ค ๐œ‘ฆ ๐œ‘จ ๐œ‘ฅ ๐œ‘ง?
๐œ“ƒ ๐œ‘† ๐œ‘‡ ๐œ‘ˆ ๐œ‘…
๐œ˜ ๐œบ
๐œ  ๐œŽฟ ๐œŽฝ
๐œข ๐œ€ ๐œŽพ
๐œก ๐œฃ hal
๐œฐ ๐œ ๐œฏ ๐œ’ ๐œฑ ๐œฒ
๐œ“š ๐œŽถ ๐œŽท

Identified variants of ๐œฏ ๐œฑ ๐œ indicate that dots were (sometimes?) used as old gunu.

Not commonly counted as gunu forms:
๐’…‹ โ‰ˆ ๐’Œˆ โ‰ˆ ๐’€ง ๐’€ง IL โ‰ˆ ๐’€  AL โ‹… ล E ๐’Šบ ๐’Šบ ล E ๐’‘
๐’‰ฃ NUN ๐’€ธ๐’น๐’น๐’น๐’น GUNU in ๐’ช โ‹ ๐’„‘ยท๐’‰ฃ ๐’€ฟ ๐’ƒท ๐’… ๐’†ฑ ๐’ˆฒ
๐’Œง โ‰ˆ ๐’Œฆยท๐’ฆ
๐’‚ก ๐’†Ÿ ๐’ˆ
๐’Š“ ๐’‚ ๐’† ๐’– ๐’‚Š ๐’‚ ๐’‚Ž ๐’‚ ๐’‚ ๐’‚‘ ๐’‚’ ๐’‚“
๐’‹— ลกu โ‡” ๐’• ๐’€‰ ๐’† ๐’‚† ๐’†ท ๐’ 
๐’ˆ›
๐’‰ 
๐’‚ž ล Eล 4 โ‰ˆ ๐’‹ ล Eล 2 Susa
๐’ƒฝ GASHAN ๐’Œ‹ รน.gunu โ‡” ๐’Œ‹ รน ego
๐’  ๐’‹บ gunu ?
๐’‹ซ แนญa => ๐’Šญ ลกa
๐’Œ— ๐’Œ˜ ๐’Œ™ ๐’Œš

gunรป โ‰ˆ โ€ขkhumu /khm/ ?

๐“†Ž โ‰ˆ ๐œŽฆ in
๐œŽฆ๐œ‘Š๐œถ Menik malik โ€œkingโ€ Menes NL
๐œŽฆ๐œ‘Š๐œถ แตMenik Kรถnig โ€œkingโ€

GUNU like ligature in other systems:
๐“‡ณ ๐”—‘ ๐“ ๐“Š– ?
๐”–ป ๐”‘บ:๐”‘พ ๐”‘ป:๐”‘ฟ ๐”“ด:๐”—พ ๐””ฑ:๐”•„ ๐”–š:๐”–›(oMEGA ๐”–™)
๐”–ฒ๐”–ป ๐”•บ:๐”•ฟ ๐”–ข:๐”—– ๐”‘ฆ:๐”‘ง ๐”“ท:๐”—‘ ๐”•ท:๐”•น ๐”” :๐””Ÿ:๐””ž
๐”–ป mi => ๐””ฅ ็›ฎ ma- Maschen "scale"

GUNU in Egyptian is periferal and mostly only recognizable in the extended Gardiner list (needs font)
๐“ ๓ดข‘ ๓ดข kunu ฯฆ khrunu crossing?
๓ดฆ— ๓ดฆ˜
๐“Žก ๓ดข
๐“ŽŸ ๓ด›Š
๓ดŒ ๓ดŒŒ
๓ดŒ ๓ดŒ‘ ๓ดŒŽ ลพunu ?
๓ณดจ ๓ณดง
๓ณฒ ๓ณฒŒ
๓ณฒž ๓ณฒ  ๓ณฒœ ๓ณดฉ ๓ณดจ โ‡” ๓ณฒข ๓ณฒ‹ ๓ณฒ› ๓ณฒš ๐“ฑ sh โ€ขวงunu ๐“ˆ™ ๐“ŠŒ gneiss
๓ณผ‡ ๓ณผ‚ ๓ณผƒ ๓ณผ„ ๓ณผ… ๓ณผ† ๓ด„ก ๓ด„ฃ sh.nu ๐“ˆ– โ‰ˆ โ€ขวงunu
๓ดƒƒ ๓ดƒ„ ๓ดƒ… ๓ดƒ†
๓ดƒ‰ ๓ดƒŠ ๓ดƒ‹ ๓ด„ข ๓ดƒŒ ๓ดข’
๓ดƒ ๓ดƒŽ
๓ด‚ฆ ๓ด‚ง
๓ดˆ˜ ๓ดˆš
๓ดข ๓ดž ๓ดž ๓ดข ๓ดขŽ ๓ดž ๓ด›Š ๐“Œฆ ๐“ ๐“ ๐“ด ๐“€œ :
๓ดœก ๓ดœ  ๓ดœข ๓ดœฃ ๓ดœค ๓ดœฅ ๓ดœŸ
๓ดœ” ๓ดœ– ๓ดœ’ ๓ดœ“
๓ด’˜
๐“„‘ ๓ดขช
๓ดฏ ๓ดฐ
๐“‰ฅ ๓ดพ
๓ด‡› ๓ด‡œ
๐“‰ โ‡” ๓ด‡š
๐“‰ ๐“‰ซ ๐“‰ช ๐“Š…
๐“‰” ๐“‰ง
๐“Šก ๓ดŽฏ ๓ดŽฒ ๓ดŽบ ๓ดŽน โ‹ ๐’†ค

๓ณฝŸ ๓ณฝ  in continuum :
๐“Šช โ‰ˆ ๐“Žบ ๐“Žป ๐“ ๐“Šธ
๐“Šช โ‰ˆ ๐“Žบ ๓ณฝ› โ‰ˆ ๓ณฝœ ๓ณฝ
๐“Šช โ‰ˆ ๓ณฝŸ ๓ณฝ  ๓ณฝก โ‰ˆ ๓ณฝข โ€ขวงumun ๓ณฝž
๓ณฝš ๓ณฝ› ๓ณฝฃ

๐’‘ ๐’‘ ๐’‘‘ ๐’‘“

Semantic significance ? causative ?

Gunification = add gunu to sign to modify/intensify/derive meaning:

๐’…† IGI Auge eye
๐’…Š IGI{GUNU} be bright, shine, see

๐’ƒธ GAN tenu < ๐’ƒท GAN gunu < ๐’ƒฐ GAN

Sign Root Base meaning
๐’€• AB GUNU ๐’€Š /unug/ Nagar ๐’€” ยซThe Cityยป eg ๐’Œท๐’€• Uruk ๐’€•๐’† 
๐’€Œ AB ร— DUN3 GUNU ๐’€Š ๐’‚…
๐’€ AB ร— IGI GUNU ๐’€Š ๐’…†
๐’€† A ร— LAGAR GUNU ๐’€€ ๐’‡ฌ
๐’Œ BI ร— IGI GUNU ๐’‰๐’Š
๐’ธ DIN KASKAL U-GUNU DISH ๐’ท๐’†œ๐’†ฆ๐’Œ‹๐’น
๐’ผ DU GUNU ๐’บ source : root
๐’‚† DUN3 GUNU [๐’‚…]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/[[Don) (prince)
๐’‚‡ DUN3 GUNU GUNU ๐’‚† 1.crown 2.shekel?
๐’‚ง EZEN ร— DUN3 GUNU ๐’‚ก๐’‚†
๐’‚จ EZEN ร— DUN3 GUNU GUNU ๐’‚ก ๐’‚‡
๐’‚ช EZEN ร— HA GUNU ๐’‚ก๐’„ซ
๐’‚ซ EZEN ร— IGI GUNU ๐’‚ก
๐’‚ถ GA GUNU [๐’‚ต]]](/pannous/hieros/wiki/[[๐’ƒผ) GAR carry ๐’ˆฆ๐’„˜๐’ƒผ Tiger? ๐’‚ต๐’ƒฒ
๐’ƒ– GA2 ร— IGI GUNU ๐’‚ท๐’…† Gesehen?
๐’„‰ GIR2 GUNU ๐’„ˆ GirSu๐“Š– KIล I17๐“Š– AD5 ๐’Œ‘๐’„‰
๐’„„ GI GUNU ๐’„€ ๐’„‚ ๐’„ƒ
๐’„š GU2 ร— KAK ร— IGI GUNU ๐’„˜ Gurgelโ€ฆ?
๐’„ GU2 GUNU ๐’„˜ Gurgel
๐’„พ HUL/LIK GUNU ๐’Œจ? hull:cover
๐’„ซ HA GUNU [๐’„ฉ]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/KIR-๐’„ซ-[[cry) 2. generate a lot
๐’…Š IGI GUNU ๐’…† be bright
๐’…Š IGI GUNU = SIG7 ๐’…† see,sehen,๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐ˆ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ โ‡” ๐’‹œ
๐’†– KAK ร— IGI GUNU ๐’†•
๐’†ฑ KUL GUNU ๐’†ฐ
๐’‡‹ LAGAB ร— IGI GUNU ๐’†ธ๐’…Š๐’…†
๐’‡ฏ LAGAR GUNU ๐’‡ฌ ๐’‡ฐ ๐’† ๐’‡ฏ KIโ€ขLAGAN เค–เคฒเคฟเคนเคพเคจ khalihan
[๐’ˆข]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ MA-GUNU- [[๐’ˆ ) alma, mer, ฮผแฟ†ฮปฮฟฮฝ mรชlon, mazana : apple
๐’ˆฏ MUG GUNU ๐’ˆฎ MUNSUB โ‡” monk zadim; za-dim2 [128x] stone-cutter; bow-maker
๐’ˆฝ MUSH3 GUNU [๐’„ท]]](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ -๐“…“-[[Musen) big bird
๐’‰ฒ NUNUZ AB2 ร— IGI GUNU ๐’‰ญ๐’€–๐’…Š
๐’‹œ SI GUNU ๐’‹› see,sehen,๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐ˆ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ โ‡” ๐’…Š ๐’‹›๐’ฆ
๐’Ž– SAG ร— IGI GUNU ๐’Š•๐’Š”๐’…† seh?
๐’Šจ SAG gunรป ๐’Š•๐’Š” sag: DUL3 ๐’Šจ tell, KUล 2 ๐’Šจ quoth SUMUR ๐’Šจ summon SUR2
๐’‹ฏ TA GUNU ๐’‹ซ๐’‹–
๐’‹† โ‹TA gunu SHIM / ลกim : smell
๐’‹ SHIM ร— IGI GUNU Soma(โ‹beer) ๐’‹†๐’…Š โ‡” ๐’‹‹
๐’‚Š E โ‹ A-gunu ๐’†ฆ๐’€€ in old grapheme

๐’‹ฝ | TE GUNU |๐’‹ผ
๐’Œ˜ | UD ร— U PLUS U PLUS U GUNU
๐’Œ™ | UD GUNU | ๐’Œ“ | Mond=>Middle moon murub?
๐’Œง | UN GUNU | ๐’Œฆ | ane,on,one,me

Hypothesis: Ablaut?
๐’Œ™ mouth
๐’Œ˜ month
๐’Œ— moon

Hypothesis: gunu โ‹ con ๐“Ž› ๐“ˆ– ๐“‚

Hypothesis: something ๐’‹— ูŠูŽุฏ yad > ุฅูŠุฏ สพฤซd โ‡” with & et ๐’Œ‹ add ๐“‚ž da-
๐’„‰ ADโ‚‚GรR a dagger < ๐’„ˆ GรR GER ไธช gรจr

Hypothesis: Softening ?
๐’Šญ ลกa < tha < ๐’‹— ลกu + TA ๐’‹ซ

Hypothesis: permutation
GUD ๐’„ž โ‡” DUG ๐’‚ reverse

Hypothesis: causative ๐’‹— ลกu ?
๐’…† IGI Auge eye
๐’…Š IGI{GUNU} be bright, shine, see
๐’…Š SIGโ‚‡ = IGI-gunรป : green (eye) ๐’…†๐’†ฆ
๐’บ REโ‚† > ๐’ผ root => se'root ๐’ผ ลกurลกu (source) !
๐’„ˆ GรR => ๐’„‰ "grind" ๐’„‰ ulโ‚„ แผ€ฮปฮญฯ‰ alรฉล ีกีฒีกีฌ aล‚al "grind"

Hypothesis: 'S' modifier ๐’€พ Aล โ‚‚ ๐’บ แต›รกลก
๐’บ REโ‚† > ๐’ผ se'root ๐’ผ ลกurลกu (source) !
๐’‚† AGAโ‚ƒ ax > ๐’‚‡ AGAหข ฤลกฤar axe
๐’ˆ  MA โ‡” ๐’ˆข ma.แธซinzลซru manzar manzana mazรก maรงรฃ "apple" ๐’‹› SI => ๐’‹œ saสณ sor ุณุฑุฎ sorx โ€œredโ€ => ๐“‚ง cheir ๐’‹— ลกu in ๐“‚ง ๐“ˆ™ ๐“‚‹ ๐“…Ÿ csar ั‡ะตั€ ฤer

Hypothesis: add round 'R' sound? gunรปr grunรป ergonรป ?
๐’‚ต GAสณ > ๐’‚ถ garaโ‚‚ gunu
๐’‚† AGAโ‚ƒ ax > ๐’‚‡ AGAหข / AGAสณ ฤลกฤar axe
๐’Š” saฤ ๐’Š• => ๐’Šจ ลกurโ‚‚
๐’„ฉ แธชA/KU => KIR ๐’„ซ cry <= ๐’„ฉ KU/แธชAยฎ Gunu Karpfen Coy ๐“…ป
๐’…† IGI => ๐’…Š AGAR4 green (eye) ๐’…†๐’†ฆ (๐’…Š IGI-gunรป)
๐’บ๐’†ฆ => ๐’ผ Saat => source
๐’ˆ  MA โ‡” ๐’ˆข ะผะฐั€ัŒ maล• ะผะฐั€ mar mer ฮผแฟ†ฮปฮฟฮฝ mรชlon mฤlum melon mollรซ alma "apple"
๐’ˆ  MA โ‡” ๐’ˆข ะผัƒั€ำฏะด murรผd ะผั‹ำัั€ั‹ัั mษ™สผษ›rษ™sษ› ๐’„‘๐’ˆข๐’ˆ ๐’• haลกhurmada ุฌูŽู‘ุงุต ส”ijjฤแนฃ madra mazรก ๐’‹› SI => ๐’‹œ saสณ sor ุณุฑุฎ sorx โ€œredโ€ ๐“‚ง ๐“ˆ™ ๐“‚‹ ๐“…Ÿ dsar csar ั‡ะตั€ ฤer

for R Hypothesis see -er -ier verb suffix

Gunification may introduce an 's' or an 'r' in
๐’‚† AGAโ‚ƒ ax
๐’‚‡ AGAหข axe ฤลกฤar

Hypothesis: โฒ  โฒก form ๐“ƒ€ ๐“ข ๐“‡ฉ โ‹ ๐“Šช ๐“…ฎ ๐“„ฟ โ‹ โฒ  โฒก bu pi ฯ€ form (rare!) ๐’ˆ  MA โ‡” ๐’ˆข pลma แ–แˆ pom pomme <> palm ball ๐’…† IGI ๐’…Š ฯ€สณIGI bright ๐’บ REโ‚†/GIN > ๐’ผ origin ๐’บ REโ‚† ๐’ผ boarne ฯ€ฮทฮณฮฎ pigรญ part ีกีฒีขีตีธึ‚ึ€ aล‚byur ฯ€root ๐’‚† AGAโ‚ƒ axe ๐’‚‡ Beil

Hypothesis: article al- โฒก- -on ๐’ˆ  MA โ‡” ๐’ˆข alma / pลma "apple"
๐’ˆ  MA โ‡” ๐’ˆข ฮผแฟ†ฮปฮฟฮฝ mรชlon "apple"

Hypothesis: -on -ant -end gerund ๐’„ˆ GรR => ๐’„‰ "grind"

Hypothesis: article ๐“‚ง de das ๐’‹— ลกu ๐’‹› SI => ๐’‹œ saสณ sor ุณุฑุฎ sorx โ€œredโ€ => ๐“‚ง ๐“ˆ™ ๐“‚‹ ๐“…Ÿ das Rot desarแต— dsar csar ั‡ะตั€ ฤer

-ier โ‰ˆ ill in
๐’„„ giโ‚„หกหก kiโ‚‚หกหก kill
๐’„„ giโ‚„แถป โ‡” ๐’„ค GAZ cuts "kill"

Unlikely: 't' modifier
๐’‚† ax ๐’‚‡ Axt
๐’บ REโ‚† > ๐’ผ root => se'root ๐’ผ ลกurลกu (source) !
๐’บ ฤire? => ๐’ผ Sart seed => source (๐’บ๐’†ฆ)

๐’†ฆ โ‰  ๐’€พ
๐’€พ Aล โ‚‚ Aล 2 ASHโ‚‚ ASH2
๐’€พ > ๐’บ แต›รกลก : wish

๐’‹ซ แนญa ๐’Šญ ลกa
๐’‹ซ Ta Taurus ๐’Šญ ืฉืื•ึนืจ ลกor Saurus

๐’‚ˆ ล UDUN โ‰ˆ ๐’‹—๐’• DAแต˜แต ฮถฯ…ฮณฯŒฮฝ zugรณn Zรผgeln

gunu as word

๐’ฏ gunuโ‚“ (SI@g) <> ๐’‹œ suโ‚„ ๐’‹  sigโ‚‚ ีฃีตีธึ‚ีฒ gyuฤŸโฟ ๆ‘ cลซn #gunu "dwelling"

semitic marker

๐’‰ˆ NEแต’ new ๐’‰‹๐’€ธ nฤ“was ๐’‰‹ #edฤ“ลกum "new"