Basque - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki

Basque language isolate may be one of the rare surviving relatively closest proxies of Anatolian Farmers and early European farmers EEF. Genetically EEF is closest to modern Sardinians / Portuguese, but how about Basques themselves?

The pronouns and grammatical features do NOT show any close relationship with PIE, however it is evident from the vocabulary that Basque was strongly influenced by IE languages over the millenia. The specific forms in which words were loaned might give insights into the original forms of the words. However since it is not clear at which time a specific word was loaned to Basque, further precise dissection of root forms seems futile.

No. English 1 I ni na- (prefix) โœ“๏ธ unรซ me ntwi ๐“=>รธ (๐“ˆ–๐“) ๐“…ฑ ๐“‡‹ ๐“€€, ๐“‡‹, ๐“ข ๐“‡‹ , ๐“Œ๐“Žก๐“ข เฐจเฑ‡เฐจเฑ /neหnu/ anโ€™ nous ๆˆ‘ ngo5 2 you (singular) hi ha- / zu โœ“๏ธ his / cu cu ๐“=>รธ (๐“ˆ–๐“) ๐“Žก, ๐“๐“ข, ๐“๐“…ฑ, ๐“๐“…ฑ๐“Žก 3 he hura / bera โœ“๏ธ he / her / er ? kur ๐“†‘, ๐“‡“๐“…ฑ, ๐“Šช๐“ˆ– โœ“๏ธ bera ~ เฐตเฐพเฐกเฑ /vษ‘หษฝu/ 4 we gu ๐’‚ท๐’‚Š ฤรก-e ๆˆ‘ ngo5 gwowewo Ego Cum? 5 you (plural) zuek โœ“๏ธ ๐“Žก! cous 6 they haiek eux?

Early Neolithic languages

The "semitic" first person pronoun ni na- โ‰ˆ ืึฒื ึดื™ anรญ unรซ@Albanian แŠฅแŠ” สพษ™ne@Amharic anu@Cushitic nia@Quebec is of special interest, since it is not PIE but part of the southern Neolithic spread, and possibly language of the Megalithic Atlantic whalers 6000 BC.

Since we postulate that the unknown language of EEF still had a strong influence on later IE languages one can play the game of guessing whether Basque words belong to a common deep layer or are later intrusions.

Words like txori โ‰ˆ ุทูŠุฑ แนญฤซr "bird" ๐“…‚ tywยฎ <> Tier poses the same question as for IE languages: is this a late loan from the time of Arabic Iberia, a very old root, or coincidence?

Connections to Egyptian would require these sound changes:
fluent s, ๐“=>รธ, ๐“‹ด=>z, ๐“‡‹=>h, ๐“Ž›=>L,la,al,a,รธ! ๐“Šช=>p/b, ๐“‚‹=>os (latin) ๐“ƒ€ pod=>รธ/d ๐’บ du ๐“ˆŽ=>g

๐“‚ ๐“ˆ™ ๐“„ฟ ๐“†ˆ | many | asko @ basque (AF,EEF?)
๐“ˆ– ๐“‰” ๐“…ช ๐“ˆ’ ๐“ฅ | some | โ‡” โ€ขsynbeith zenbait
๐“Œข ๐“ˆ– ๐“€€ | husband | senar โ‡” senior?
๐“Œข ๐“ˆ– ๐“ ๐“ |wife| หขandre โ‡” ๐“Œข ๐“ˆ– ๐“€€ andro (2nd / Andere)
๐“† ๐“ˆŽ ๐“— | thin | argal ?
๐“Žก ๐“ ๐“ ๐“…ช | small | txiki เฒšเฒฟเฒ•เณเฒ• chick kiรงi@Turk kicsi@Ural klitzeklein reverse/shift
๐“‡‹ ๐“ ๐“†‘ ๐“€€ | father | โ€ขitav aita Eide ๐Œฐ๐„๐„๐Œฐ vรคtta
๐“‚‹ ๐“…“ ๐“†› ๐“‚ป | fish | arrain ๐’Œถ URIN URIM a'raim โฒฃโฒโฒ™โฒ“ rami @ Rhein
๐“…‚ | bird | txori tywยฎ ุทูŠุฑ แนญฤซr < ฯ€Tier ptero
๐“…“ ๐“‚ ๐“„ฟ ๐“Œš | stick | makila < ๐“ˆŽ ๐“Œš ๐“œ kill / throw ? โ‡” mace
๐“‡ฅ ๐“‚‹ ๐“„” | leaf | 'orri
๐“‚ ๐“‚‹ ๐“‡‹ ๐“‡‹ ๐“ ๐“†ฑ | leaf | hosto ( ๐“‚‹ latin os) @ ๐“†ฑ ast
๐“‚ง ๐“ƒ€ ๐“„ | horn | adar
๐“‚ ๐“ƒ€ ๐“„ ๐“ค | horn | adar pod=>'od
๐“ƒ€ ๐“‹ด ๐“‡‹ ๐“‡‹ ๐“ ๐“ฅ | tail | buztan Bรผrzel Buschel
๐“ˆ™ ๐“‚‹ ๐“ ๐“‚‰ ๐“„น | nose | sudur ๐“ˆ™ ๐“ ๐“‚‹ ๐“‚‰ ๐“„น permuted โ‡” nostril snouter
๐“‡‹ ๐“‹ด ๐“Ž | guts | heste โ‡” ๐“„ค ๐“‚‹ ๐“ tripa reverse
๐“Šช ๐“Šƒ ๐“‚ง | back | bizkar ( ๐“‚ง ฯ‡ฮตฮนฯฯŒ )
๐“Šช ๐“‹ด ๐“†“ ๐“„ช | back | bizkar ( ๐“†“ Qur )
๐“ ๐“ˆ™ ๐“‚ | spit | txistu (egin ๐“‚ก)
๐“ƒ€ ๐“€ ๐“ˆ– ๐“Žก ๐“ฎ ๐“€ | think | pentsatu pense
๐“Šช ๐“ˆ™ ๐“ˆ– ๐“Œซ ๐“†ฑ | spit | pitzatu โ‡” piszando
๐“Šช ๐“„ต ๐“‚‹ | turn | biratu
๐“ƒ€ ๐“ˆ… ๐“‚ฝ | turn | biratu
๐“Ž ๐“Žก ๐“‚ | wipe | xukatu ?
๐“Ž› ๐“Žฟ ๐“‹ด ๐“Šก | cold | hotz ( opposites caldo=heat )
๐“Ž› ๐“‹ด ๐“ƒ€ ๐“Ž ๐“› | count | zenbatu
๐“ฟ ๐“ˆ– ๐“Œ™ ๐“…ฏ ๐“Œ ๐“…ฑ ๐“œ | count | kondatu
๐“Ž› ๐“Žฟ ๐“Šƒ ๐“ฎ ๐“€ | sing | abestu โ‡” praise ๐“Žฟ
๐“Žก ๐“Ž› ๐“Žก ๐“Ž› ๐“€˜ | old | โ€ขcahar zahar gero doubling
๐“ƒ€ ๐“…Œ | breast | bular โ€ขboobler ( Turk plural )
๐“ฟ ๐“Šƒ ๐“ ๐“„‘ | tooth | โ€ขthoortz hortz / hagin Haken
๐“„ฟ ๐“‡‹ ๐“‹ด ๐“Ž | guts | แถขheste
๐“ˆŽ ๐“ˆ– ๐“„ƒ | fat | gantz ๐“ˆŽ ๐“ˆ– ๐“Ž qan{z} ๐“Ž™ ๐“‚ง ๐“Œ ๐“ฅ, ๐“Ž™ ๐“†“ ๐“ŠŒ ๐“ฅ {qan}ds !
๐“ˆŽ ๐“‹ด ๐“ŒŸ | bone | hezur < qesur ะšะพัั‚ัŒ โ‡” osteo
๐“ฑ ๐“‹ด ๐“ข | rope | soka : zug?
๐“ท ๐“‚‹ ๐“†ฐ | flower | lore / lili : flora, lilly
๐“ฏ ๐“„ฟ ๐“ƒ€ ๐“†ฐ| root | erro : a'rho@phyt
๐“†ฑ ๐“‡› ๐“‡ก | root | sustrai : sรผรŸdrei sous-tree ;)
๐“‹ด ๐“ˆ– ๐“‚‰ ๐“€ | smell | usaindu sensedo
๐“ƒ€ ๐“€ ๐“ˆ– ๐“Žก ๐“ฎ ๐“€ | think | pentsatu : pense bedenken
๐“ˆŽ ๐“‚ ๐“‚ | vomit | goitikatu : kotz @ ๐“ ๐“ ๐“„ˆ
๐“ƒ€ ๐“Ž› ๐“‹ด ๐“‚พ | to hunt | โ€ขbehisado ehizatu โ‡” behetze
๐“‹ด ๐“‚ง ๐“ƒ€ ๐“‰ฝ ๐“ด | stab | sastatu
๐“ ๐“‚‹ ๐“€’ | fall | erori โ‡” error : fallsch
๐“‚ž | hold | eduki โˆšduct
๐“ˆ™ ๐“ˆ‡ ๐“ค | sea | itsaso โ‡” chad ocean ?
๐“ˆ™ ๐“‚ ๐“ˆ’ ๐“ฅ | sand | > ๐“‚ ๐“ˆ’ ๐“ฅ hondar!
๐“„ฟ ๐“Šƒ ๐“‚‹ ๐“ ๐“‡ฏ | sky | โ€ขazurโ„ข > zeru
๐“„ฟ ๐“Šƒ ๐“‚‹ ๐“ ๐“‡ฏ | sky | โ€ขozrti > ortzi
๐“‚ง ๐“ˆ™ ๐“‚‹ ๐“…Ÿ | red | โ€ขcลกorri gorri โ‡” cherry
๐“ ๐“†ผ ๐“„ฟ ๐“…ฑ | night | kkaw > gau โ‡” grau
๐“†‘ ๐“‚‹ ๐“Šฎ | warm | bero โ‡” pyro
๐“Ž› ๐“ˆ– ๐“‚ | with | -ekin โ‡” con
๐“ˆ– | in | -n / -an / -ean / -etan in / at

๐“Ž›=>L,al,a,รธ needs investigation !

Gothic shows traces of the presumably homogeneous language of EEF, with Basque as only known survivor:
to bite | kosk egin | ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐ƒ.๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ( egin : goin/doin )
to blow | putz egin | pust! เคซเฅ‚เคเค• phลซฬƒk phusa push

Erz : ores

Basque preserves a remarkable mesolithic vocabulary concerning stone tools:
stone Haitz
knife aizto
hoe aitzur โ‹adze
axe aizkora (kora=bark)

๐“ŠŒ โ€ขaiztแต’โฟ stone ๐’ŽŽ ๐’Œ“๐’‰Œ ฤito.NE ล atti.NE โ€œstoneโ€ โ‡” chert โ‡” hardz โ‡” gneiss

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