basque - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki
Basque language isolate may be one of the rare surviving relatively closest proxies of Anatolian Farmers and early European farmers EEF. Genetically EEF is closest to modern Sardinians / Portuguese, but how about Basques themselves?
The pronouns and grammatical features do NOT show any close relationship with PIE, however it is evident from the vocabulary that Basque was strongly influenced by IE languages over the millenia. The specific forms in which words were loaned might give insights into the original forms of the words. However since it is not clear at which time a specific word was loaned to Basque, further precise dissection of root forms seems futile.
No. English
1 I ni na- (prefix) โ๏ธ unรซ me ntwi ๐=>รธ (๐๐) ๐
ฑ ๐ ๐, ๐, ๐ข ๐ , ๐๐ก๐ข เฐจเฑเฐจเฑ /neหnu/ anโ nous ๆ ngo5
2 you (singular) hi ha- / zu โ๏ธ his / cu cu ๐=>รธ (๐๐) ๐ก, ๐๐ข, ๐๐
ฑ, ๐๐
ฑ๐ก
3 he hura / bera โ๏ธ he / her / er ? kur ๐, ๐๐
ฑ, ๐ช๐ โ๏ธ bera ~ เฐตเฐพเฐกเฑ /vษหษฝu/
4 we gu ๐ท๐ ฤรก-e ๆ ngo5 gwowewo Ego Cum?
5 you (plural) zuek โ๏ธ ๐ก! cous
6 they haiek eux?
Early Neolithic languages
The "semitic" first person pronoun ni na- โ ืึฒื ึดื anรญ unรซ@Albanian แฅแ สพษne@Amharic anu@Cushitic nia@Quebec is of special interest, since it is not PIE but part of the southern Neolithic spread, and possibly language of the Megalithic Atlantic whalers 6000 BC.
Since we postulate that the unknown language of EEF still had a strong influence on later IE languages one can play the game of guessing whether Basque words belong to a common deep layer or are later intrusions.
Words like txori โ ุทูุฑ แนญฤซr "bird" ๐ tywยฎ <> Tier poses the same question as for IE languages: is this a late loan from the time of Arabic Iberia, a very old root, or coincidence?
Connections to Egyptian would require these sound changes:
fluent s, ๐=>รธ, ๐ด=>z, ๐=>h, ๐=>L,la,al,a,รธ! ๐ช=>p/b, ๐=>os (latin) ๐ pod=>รธ/d ๐บ du ๐=>g
๐ ๐ ๐ฟ ๐ | many | asko @ basque (AF,EEF?)
๐ ๐ ๐
ช ๐ ๐ฅ | some | โ โขsynbeith zenbait
๐ข ๐ ๐ | husband | senar โ senior?
๐ข ๐ ๐ ๐ |wife| หขandre โ ๐ข ๐ ๐ andro (2nd / Andere)
๐ ๐ ๐ | thin | argal ?
๐ก ๐ ๐ ๐
ช | small | txiki เฒเฒฟเฒเณเฒ chick kiรงi@Turk kicsi@Ural klitzeklein reverse/shift
๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ | father | โขitav aita Eide ๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ vรคtta
๐ ๐
๐ ๐ป | fish | arrain ๐ถ URIN URIM a'raim โฒฃโฒโฒโฒ rami @ Rhein
๐
| bird | txori tywยฎ ุทูุฑ แนญฤซr < ฯTier ptero
๐
๐ ๐ฟ ๐ | stick | makila < ๐ ๐ ๐ kill / throw ? โ mace
๐ฅ ๐ ๐ | leaf | 'orri
๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฑ | leaf | hosto ( ๐ latin os) @ ๐ฑ ast
๐ง ๐ ๐ | horn | adar
๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ค | horn | adar pod=>'od
๐ ๐ด ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ | tail | buztan Bรผrzel Buschel
๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐น | nose | sudur ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐น permuted โ nostril snouter
๐ ๐ด ๐ | guts | heste โ ๐ค ๐ ๐ tripa reverse
๐ช ๐ ๐ง | back | bizkar ( ๐ง ฯฮตฮนฯฯ )
๐ช ๐ด ๐ ๐ช | back | bizkar ( ๐ Qur )
๐ ๐ ๐ | spit | txistu (egin ๐ก)
๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ก ๐ฎ ๐ | think | pentsatu pense
๐ช ๐ ๐ ๐ซ ๐ฑ | spit | pitzatu โ piszando
๐ช ๐ต ๐ | turn | biratu
๐ ๐
๐ฝ | turn | biratu
๐ ๐ก ๐ | wipe | xukatu ?
๐ ๐ฟ ๐ด ๐ก | cold | hotz ( opposites caldo=heat )
๐ ๐ด ๐ ๐ ๐ | count | zenbatu
๐ฟ ๐ ๐ ๐
ฏ ๐ ๐
ฑ ๐ | count | kondatu
๐ ๐ฟ ๐ ๐ฎ ๐ | sing | abestu โ praise ๐ฟ
๐ก ๐ ๐ก ๐ ๐ | old | โขcahar zahar gero doubling
๐ ๐
| breast | bular โขboobler ( Turk plural )
๐ฟ ๐ ๐ ๐ | tooth | โขthoortz hortz / hagin Haken
๐ฟ ๐ ๐ด ๐ | guts | แถขheste
๐ ๐ ๐ | fat | gantz ๐ ๐ ๐ qan{z} ๐ ๐ง ๐ ๐ฅ, ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ {qan}ds !
๐ ๐ด ๐ | bone | hezur < qesur ะะพััั โ osteo
๐ฑ ๐ด ๐ข | rope | soka : zug?
๐ท ๐ ๐ฐ | flower | lore / lili : flora, lilly
๐ฏ ๐ฟ ๐ ๐ฐ| root | erro : a'rho@phyt
๐ฑ ๐ ๐ก | root | sustrai : sรผรdrei sous-tree ;)
๐ด ๐ ๐ ๐ | smell | usaindu sensedo
๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ก ๐ฎ ๐ | think | pentsatu : pense bedenken
๐ ๐ ๐ | vomit | goitikatu : kotz @ ๐ ๐ ๐
๐ ๐ ๐ด ๐พ | to hunt | โขbehisado ehizatu โ behetze
๐ด ๐ง ๐ ๐ฝ ๐ด | stab | sastatu
๐ ๐ ๐ | fall | erori โ error : fallsch
๐ | hold | eduki โduct
๐ ๐ ๐ค | sea | itsaso โ chad ocean ?
๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ | sand | > ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ hondar!
๐ฟ ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฏ | sky | โขazurโข > zeru
๐ฟ ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฏ | sky | โขozrti > ortzi
๐ง ๐ ๐ ๐
| red | โขcลกorri gorri โ cherry
๐ ๐ผ ๐ฟ ๐
ฑ | night | kkaw > gau โ grau
๐ ๐ ๐ฎ | warm | bero โ pyro
๐ ๐ ๐ | with | -ekin โ con
๐ | in | -n / -an / -ean / -etan in / at
๐=>L,al,a,รธ needs investigation !
Gothic shows traces of the presumably homogeneous language of EEF, with Basque as only known survivor:
to bite | kosk egin | ๐บ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐.๐พ๐ฐ๐ฝ ( egin : goin/doin )
to blow | putz egin | pust! เคซเฅเคเค phลซฬk phusa push
Erz : ores
Basque preserves a remarkable mesolithic vocabulary concerning stone tools:
stone Haitz
knife aizto
hoe aitzur โadze
axe aizkora (kora=bark)
๐ โขaiztแตโฟ stone ๐ ๐๐ ฤito.NE ล atti.NE โstoneโ โ chert โ hardz โ gneiss