gender - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki

Gender ๐“„ฟ ๐“…ฑ ๐“…ฎ ๐“…ญ ๐“…ฌ

See Pronouns genitive articles and kinship

Gender in Linear A/B ๐€  ๐€ ๐€ด

๐™ซ I ๐˜‡ A ๐˜‡ a ๐˜ฏ NU neuter ๐€™ : das ๐’น dash as ๐’€ธ aลก 1. ein,one,ek ยซonยป โ‡” plural -i -a -en ?
๐˜‚ PA ๐€ž pa male เถดเท”เถปเท”เท‚ puruแนฃa เถดเท’เถปเท’เถธเท’ pirimi เธœเธนเน‰ pรปu pria > vir > hero > *uros@Ural > รบr > ะต ั€ er ีกึ€ีธึ‚ aru แผ„ฯฯƒฮทฮฝ รกrsฤ“n
๐˜  TI ๐€ด ti ๐“ ta female! ๐€บ WOman ๐˜ โ‹VM/AVA/EVE OVIs EVEs *dAi ๐€ด *tai tell ๐™š ๐˜ก ๅคง dร  upont
๐™› โ€ขSI ๐€ฏ si ๐”‘๐”’ ๐”๐” SHE ๐”“ž ฮฉ womega ๐“‹น vs ๐ ฃ ra ๐€ช ri โ€ขraลก ๐“ถ wr
๐˜ก E ๐™› โ€ขES ๐™› ๐˜ ๐˜‚ mixed neuter ? ๐€ด ti โ‹ ๐™› โ€ขSI ๐€ฏ si ๐˜คโ€ขSI she? as in ๐˜ : ๐˜‘ : ๐šฝ/๐˜ she-goat sheep capre

Linear-A ๐˜ ๐˜‘ ๐šฝ gender

Linear-B
๐™ผ vs ๐šฒ ๐œถ vs sau ๐‚Š ๐‚‹ pork

๐™„
๐‚ AU das Schwein hog swine
๐‚Š SAU die Sau sod! sog gilt
๐‚‹ ESAU der Eber boar pig pork bull

VIR ๐“†‘

๐€ž pa' fฤ“il ้ž ๐€ธ vn ๐€บ > vir "male" person
๐˜‚ PA male เถดเท”เถปเท”เท‚ puruแนฃa เถดเท’เถปเท’เถธเท’ pirimi (IE Sinhalese) เธœเธนเน‰ pรปu pria > vir > hero > *uros@Ural > รบr > ะต ั€ er ีกึ€ีธึ‚ aru แผ„ฯฯƒฮทฮฝ รกrsฤ“n
Micro ornament vi ๐“‡Œ in hieratic ligatures

  • similar to ๐€ž ยซpaยป in Linear B: ๐€ก๐€ฐ๐‚“ka๐“Š–po๐“Šช male ๐’‰บ/ฯ€/bi/pe๐“‚ธ
  • similar to ๐˜  โ‹ v ยซfemmeยป in Linear B: ๐‚†๐‚ˆ๐‚Š soft m/v/u/o/w/f ๐„ DWO
neuter male female collective / comment
๐™ซ ๐˜‡ ๐˜‡ ๐˜‚ ๐€ž ๐˜  ๐€ด ๐˜ก E ๐™› โ€ขES ๐™› ๐˜ ๐˜‚ ๐€ฏ sie
๐€ช ri:man ๐‚€ vir:man ๐‘๐‚ mul woman man ๐‚€ vs ๐€ช human ๐“‚‹ ๐“…“ ๐“ฟ ๐“€€ Romans
๐‚ ๐™„ hog ๐‚‹ boar,pig ๐‚Š sow,sod swine
๐‚ƒ horse ๐‚… asp,hippo ๐‚„ mare ้ฉฌ
๐’ goat ๐‚‰ CAPER ๐‚ˆ she-goat capre gammaโ‹ram ๐“• ๐“‹ด ๐“ƒœ ๐“ƒ›
๐˜’ goat ๐˜” bock ๐˜“ she-goat capre ๐šพ ๐˜”๐™‚ KUแต–สณ ืคืจ ๐›ฏ ( ๐˜ค โ‰ˆ ๐™‚ KU โš  ) ๐ „ Uสท ewe
๐€ฅ qi/weโ‹ovis ๐‚‡ ram/bock ๐‚† ewe ๐€ฅ qiแต– โ‰ˆ sheep โ€ขqawe โ‰ˆ Schafe ๐”’Š
๐˜ QIแต– sheep ๐˜‘ ram/bock ๐šฝ/๐˜ ewe ๐˜ QI โ‹ ๐˜• cattle ๐˜ QIแต– โ‡” capre
๐€˜ mu:Muh ๐‚ BA:bull ๐‚Œ cow ๐€• me ox ๐“  ๐“ˆ– ๐“ƒ’ ๐“€ธ โฒ™โฒโฒ›โฒ“ ๐”’ ๐”‘พ Minotaur mรคh? ๐‚ beef
๐˜• MU:Rind ๐˜– amar bull ๐˜•๐˜˜ MuhKuh ๐˜‹ ME ๐›Š ๐›‹ ๐“  ๐“ˆ– ๐“ƒ’ ๐“€ธ โฒ™โฒโฒ›โฒ“ Menge ๐›‹ ๐›– cattle (๐˜ธ KI) ๐˜•๐˜˜ SI โ‰  Stier

๐€˜ mu mรณskhos ๐‚ โ€˜young bull / calfโ€™ Arm. mozi โ€˜calfโ€™

๐˜ โ‰ˆ ๐’ˆฆ MAล  < ๐’ˆง mรกลก โ‰ˆ ๐€˜ mu <> ๐€• me

๐˜‡ Das Beil, axe is not ox

The extremely strong taur root is missing in this table
๐˜„ TO ๐€ต to Taur according to Miguel Valรฉrio https://www.academia.edu/69149241 โ‡” ๐’‹ผ TE
๐˜„ TO ๐€ต to top โ‡” ๐“„‹ ๐“ ๐“Šช โฒงโฒโฒก ๐’‹ฐ TAB "horn" ๐“‚ง ๐“ƒ€ ๐“„ โฒงโฒโฒก

๐“„ฑ M in ๓ดฌฑ ๓ดญŒ gamma mammal

๐˜‰ amar ๐€• me ๐˜‰ U Au-Vieh

Historically cattle could mean small bovines and small ruminants

๐˜• โ‰ˆ ๐˜๐”–ฑ ra.ind ๐“„š : Rind
๐€˜ โ‰ˆ ๐˜๐™ซ โ‰ˆ ๐˜๐˜‡ Au Aแต แตA โ‰ˆ mu
๐€˜ โ‰ˆ ๐˜๐™ซ โ‰ˆ ๐˜๐˜— NE neuter
๐€˜ โ‰ˆ ๐˜๐™ซ โ‰ˆ ๐˜๐˜ฏ NU โ‰ˆ MU ๐˜•

๐‚ L'BA : beef bull see alpha Alpvieh
๐‚Œ L'BO : bos vache

The Linear-A series each contain one sign more, maybe a collective ๐šพ unless ๐šฝ โ‰ˆ ๐˜ and ๐˜‹ โ‰ˆ ๐›–

The ๐€• me ๐˜‹ ME (milk cow?) association is a bit strange.

๐™ผ ๐šฒ ๐œถ

Collective / Kid forms might correspond to neuter

๐˜• MU ๐€˜ mu muh/Mรคh
๐˜– MU ๐‚ โ€ขbull

๐€ฅ qi โ‰ˆ ๐˜ QI โ‡” ๐˜• ๐’ similar series in Linear B/A orthography

Linear A: ๐˜† ๐›ˆ ๐›‰ ๐›Š ๐›‹ ๐˜‹ ๐˜• ๐˜– ๐›‚ ๐›– ๐˜ ๐˜‘ ๐šฝ ๐˜ ๐˜’ ๐˜“ ๐˜” ๐šพ

๐ ˆ ju โ‡”
๐ „ U ewe ovis ๐’ ๐˜’ ๐˜“ ๐˜” ๐šพ ็พŠ in oracle script !
๐ – mi ๐˜’ MI ๐˜‹ ME mรคh ๐€˜ mu ๐˜• MU muh
๐ Œ ki ๐€ฅ qi โ€ขcow/capre/cattle โ‡” ๐˜’ โ€ฆ
๐  la lamb โ‹ ๐ „ U ewe ovis ๐’ ๐˜’ ๐˜“ ๐˜” sheep-goat bock โ€ฆ

Question

(How) are kids, calfs and (pregnant) mothers represented in this scheme?

Mixed orthography

The linear A form ๐˜  TI (โ‹ ๐€ด ti) occurs in Linear B
๐€ฅ => ๐‚† โ‰  ๐‚‡
๐’ => ๐‚ˆ โ‰  ๐‚‰
๐‚ => ๐‚Š โ‰  ๐‚‹
The linear B form ๐€ด ti (โ‹ ๐˜  TI) occurs in Linear A
๐˜ => ๐˜ โ‰  ๐˜‘

The ti form can be closed delta / triangle ๐˜  : ๐“ ฮ” ๐‘ ๐‚ ๐‚„โ‰ ๐‚ƒ

๐˜Œ ๐˜ ๐˜Ž ๐™ฑ zoo?
๐™ฑ ๐šน ๐šบ ๐šป ๐šผ ๐˜ซ perro
๐’ ๐˜’ ๐˜“ ๐˜” ๐šพ missing female for "ram" in Linear-A
๐˜• ๐˜– ๐˜‹ ๐›Š ๐›‹ ๐€˜

cow vs bull

๐™‚ KU cow vs horn ๐“ƒ’ #ka โ‡” ๐˜ ๐˜  TI.TI tit
๐ ž pa ๐˜‚ PA ๐€ž pa ๐’‰บ PA ๐Ž” PA bull ๐“ƒ #b๊œฃ "bull" par ืคืจ โ‡” ๐’ pรบสณ

๐™‚ KU โ‰ˆ ๐˜ค are probably equivalent in gender ligatures
๐˜ ๐˜‘ ๐šฝ ๐˜
๐’ ๐˜’ ๐˜“ ๐˜” ๐šพ
๐˜• ๐˜– ๐˜‹ ๐›‚ ๐›–

unexplained

๐›– ๐˜•ยท๐˜ธ KI ๐€‘ ki kid goat ๐“ƒถ ๐˜ยท๐š  โ‡” ๐“‹น ๐“ˆ– ๐“ ๐˜น TU ?

๐™šโ€ขWO ๐šŠโ€ขWU woman vs viri

๐˜ข PI ๐˜Š PO ๐˜ซ PU p- ๐€ž pa ๐€Ÿ pe ๐€  pi

Note the mixed form ๐šพ though!

The "human" series is absent in Linear-A
๐€ช rin:man|๐‚€ vir:man|๐‘๐‚ mul woman|๐

and may or may not correspond to abstract ๐™• ๐ฅ โ€ขRI/IA

The neuter form is a bit difficult, as it connects ๐˜  and ๐˜‚ / ๐™ซ
๐˜ข PI ๐€  pi ฯ€ โ‡” bu ๐“ƒ€ ๐“ข ๐“‡ฉ pod
๐˜ก E ๐™› โ€ขES ๐™› ๐˜ ๐˜‚ mixed neuter ? ๐€ด ti โ‹ ๐™› โ€ขSI ๐€ฏ si ๐˜คโ€ขSI she? as in ๐˜ : ๐˜‘ : ๐šฝ/๐˜ she-goat sheep capre

Maybe it encapsulated both ๐˜‚ PA and ๐˜  TI ๐€ด ti into one abstract ๐“…ฎ ฯ€ืช โ€ขpta akin to
๐“Šช ๐“…ฎ ๐“„ฟ ๐“†ƒ | fly | ฯ€ฯ„ฮตฯฯŒ

Interestingly some ligature series extend to non-animals:
๐˜š I ๐€‚ i yad ๐˜› "hand" โ‡” ๐˜ˆ SE ๐€ฎ ๐ using ๐˜  / ๐€บ
๐“‚+๐“™=๐“‚ž in Egyptian hieroglyps
๐”ฑ+๐”‘=๐”ณ in Anatolian hieroglyps
๐”ด+๐”’=๐”ฒ in Anatolian hieroglyps

๐”‘ sir ๐“‡“ โ‡” ๐™› si ??
๐”‘ #king โ‡” ๐” ๐” ๐”‘ ๐”’ lord ๐”–™ โ‡” ๐’ƒฒ โ‡” ๐’ˆ— = ๐’ƒฒ + ๐’‡ฝ

Gender in Luwian

๐”•  #VIR (gฤ“r)man ๆˆˆ ไธช
๐”‘˜ #FEMINA #MATER woman! oval eve => ๐”ฑ โ‡” ๐”–™ ๐™ก ฮฉ ๐”–š ๐”–› โ€ขoMEGA โ‡” femme.mata
๐”‘˜ ia ๐“ ๐“†‡ theia ๐€ด ti theรฏ
๐”—ฝ laโ‚“ ๐˜™ le ๐€ฉ re ๐”—น hur (feminine Gender?) ๐”—ฝ โ‡” ๐€ด ti ?

Gender in Egyptian

Instead of ligature ๐˜  TI ๐€ด ti, ๐“ ta is simply added to the end of a word,
either as orthographic convention or reflecting true phonetic formation in Semitic languages and beyond.

swine,sow => sod

It is possible, but unprovable, that the phonetic reading only developed under such orthographic convention.

Gender ligatures in other systems โ€ฆ lost?

๐’๐’„ฉ๐’‡ป pu-แธซa-lu

๐’‚„ ล UL โ€ขsรฝr ๐“ƒŸ sow
๐’‹š ล AแธชUL suhlen
๐’‹š โ€ขล AแธชUโฟ swine NL
๐’‹š ลกah sah2 ล Aแธช, ล Aแธช2 sow/swine
๐’‹š SHUBUR / ล UBUR > ฮตber > Eber @ Schuber Schuppen

mothers vs virgins?

๐™ MA ๐”“ฌ #MONS mountain โ‡” munus ๐’Šฉ ๐€ด ๐˜  mon.ta feminine gender
๐›ฃ ๐™๐™ MA.MA
๐›ข ๐™๐˜˜ MA.RU *580
๐›ก ๐™๐˜‡ MA.A โ€ขmother

Gender in Chinese

Mostly merely orthographic
ไป– tฤ ไบปrรฉn โ‡” ไบบ ๐€ช rin โ‡” แผ„ฯฯƒฮทฮฝ
ๅฅน tฤ ๅฅณ nวš โ‡” ๅฆณ nin
ๅœฐ de neutral genitive โ‡” tฤ ๅฎƒ

Gender table / map

Todo: visualize the different gender suffixes in IE and neighboring languages

Notes

The female ๐‚Š ฮ” delta can be explicit as in ฮดฮญฮปฯ†ฮฑฮพ dรฉlphax sow โ‡” porks ferkel

๐”“ฌ #MONS mountain โ‡” munus ๐’Šฉ ๐€ด ๐˜ 
๐™ mun ๐’Šฉ ๐€ด ๐˜  feminine

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