Examples

examples/. Each example is one program that renders one image or animation into out/. make animation renders all of them except carla.mojo and carla_town.mojo.

Run one by hand:

mkdir -p out
.venv/bin/mojo run -I . examples/cubes.mojo out/cubes.png

Example	Output	Page
triangle.mojo	triangle.png	The smallest program that draws.
spin.mojo	spin.png	Image files
cube.mojo	cube.png	Why a software rasterizer
cubes.mojo	cubes.png	Scene graph
uv.mojo	uv.png	Why interpolation is perspective-correct
textured.mojo	textured.png	Textures
glass.mojo	glass.png	Why transparency is sorted
floor.mojo	floor.png	Why mipmaps
photo.mojo	photo.png	A decoded PNG on a cube. The README figure.
lamps.mojo	lamps.png	Lights
first_scene.mojo	first_scene.png	Render your first scene
lit_scene.mojo	lit_scene.png	Light, texture and animate
rotations.mojo	rotations.png	Rotations
ortho.mojo	cameras.png	Cameras
stereo.mojo	stereo.png	Cameras
geometry.mojo	geometry.png	Geometry
instances.mojo	instances.png	Meshes and assets
raycast.mojo	raycast.png	Raycasting
curves.mojo	curves.png	Curves and paths
lines.mojo	lines.png	Lines
sprites.mojo	sprites.png	Points and sprites
television.mojo	television.png	Textures
mirror.mojo	mirror.png	Textures
outlines.mojo	helpers.png	Helpers
keyframes.mojo	keyframes.png	Animation
skinning.mojo	skinning.png	Skinning
phong.mojo	phong.png	Materials
physical.mojo	physical.png	Materials
fog.mojo	fog.png	Fog
culling.mojo	culling.png	Renderer
split.mojo	split.png	Renderer
clipping.mojo	clipping.png	Rasterization
gpu_backend.mojo	gpu_backend.png	GPU backend
exposure.mojo	exposure.png	Render target and framebuffer
model.mojo	model.png	Model files
orbit.mojo	math.png	Math
clock.mojo	units.png	Units
chain.mojo	chain.png	Why the scene graph is an array
additive.mojo	additive.png	Why color is linear
normals.mojo	normals.png	Why a normal is not a color
fragments.mojo	fragments.png	Why shading is per fragment
edges.mojo	coverage.png	Why coverage uses fixed point
shadows.mojo	shadows.png	Lights
wide.mojo	wide.png	Lines
bloom.mojo	postprocessing.png	Post-processing
gizmo.mojo	controls.png	Windowing and controls
json_scene.mojo	scenejson.png	Scene JSON
reloaded.mojo	exporters.png	Exporters
gem.mojo	transmission.png	Materials
distance.mojo	distance.png	Materials
unfogged.mojo	unfogged.png	Materials
targets.mojo	targets.png	Render target and framebuffer
layers.mojo	layers.png	Materials
graph.mojo	nodes.png	Node materials
basis.mojo	ktx2.png	Textures
coats.mojo	coats.png	Materials
skyjson.mojo	environment.png	Scene JSON
daylight.mojo	sky.png	Scene objects
faces.mojo	faces.png	Meshes and assets
utah.mojo	teapot.png	Geometry addons
blobs.mojo	blobs.png	Scene objects
flipbook.mojo	animated.png	Animated objects
ripples.mojo	computation.png	GPU computation
baked.mojo	lightmap.png	Progressive light map
diagram.mojo	svg.png	SVG renderer
bricks.mojo	models.png	More model files
terrain.mojo	mathaddons.png	Math addons
override.mojo	hooks.png	Renderer hooks and material flags
clay.mojo	sculptor.png	Sculptor
cells.mojo	tslfunctions.png	TSL functions
cloud.mojo	gaussian.png	Gaussian splats
bounce.mojo	vxgi.png	Voxel global illumination
sunlight.mojo	lighting.png	Lighting addons
vase.mojo	lofts.png	Lofts and clipping groups
sapling.mojo	generators.png	Procedural generators
particles.mojo	computenodes.png	Compute nodes
towers.mojo	procedural-towers.png	Procedural towers
interiors.mojo	floor-plans-and-interiors.png	Floor plans and interiors
room_cells.mojo	building-topology.png	Building topology
building_model.mojo	building-model.png	Building model
exchange.mojo	ifc-exchange.png	IFC exchange
frame_modes.mojo	frame-analysis.png	Frame analysis
plate.mojo	shell-analysis.png	Shell analysis
heat.mojo	building-energy.png	Building energy
spring_modes.mojo	numerics.png	Numerics
audio_game_humanoid.mojo	audio-character.glb	Audio-aligned game faces
carla_towns.mojo	carla_towns.png	CARLA rendering
femur.mojo	femur.png	Femur
tibia.mojo	tibia.png	Tibia
fibula.mojo	fibula.png	Fibula
patella.mojo	patella.png	Patella
knee.mojo	knee.png	Knee
muscles.mojo	muscles.png	Muscles
leg.mojo	leg.png	Leg
legs.mojo	legs.png	Leg
foot.mojo	foot.png	Foot
limb.mojo	limb.png	Leg
vessels.mojo	vessels.png	Vessels
lymph.mojo	lymph.png	Lymph
nerves.mojo	nerves.png	Nerves
integument.mojo	integument.png	Integument
pelvis.mojo	pelvis.png	Pelvis
torso.mojo	torso.png	Torso
arm.mojo	arm.png	Arm
hand.mojo	hand.png	Hand
head.mojo	head.png	Head
genomes.mojo	genomes.png	Genome
family.mojo	family.png	Genome
expressions.mojo	expressions.png	Head
talking.mojo	talking.png	Head
hairstyles.mojo	hairstyles.png	Head
game_humanoid.mojo	game_humanoid.png	Game humanoid
water.mojo	water.png	Water
animals.mojo	animals.png	Animals
walk.mojo	walk.png	Animals
animal_anatomy.mojo	animal_anatomy.png	Animal anatomy
carla.mojo	carla.png	CARLA
carla_town.mojo	carla_town.png	CARLA rendering

photo.mojo takes the image path first: examples/photo.mojo assets/brick.png out/photo.png.

pelvis.mojo, torso.mojo, arm.mojo, hand.mojo, head.mojo, genomes.mojo, family.mojo, expressions.mojo, talking.mojo and hairstyles.mojo take a mesh quality after the path: low, medium, high or xhigh. See Mesh quality.

.venv/bin/mojo run -I . examples/torso.mojo out/torso.png low

make animation does not render the two CARLA examples. Run them by hand: mojo run -I . examples/carla.mojo out/carla.png and mojo run -I . examples/carla_town.mojo out/carla_town.png.

viewer.mojo writes no file. It opens a window in the terminal, and make viewer runs it. See Windowing and controls.

Animated outputs are APNG files. A browser or VS Code plays them. A viewer that does not know APNG shows the first frame.

Benchmarks

tools/bench_examples.mojo times the catalog against three.js and, when installed, Mojo 1.0. Benchmarks names every other CPU bench and records who wins. The refresh command is in How to measure examples.

Tools

Program	Shows
tools/gpu_status.mojo	Whether an accelerator is present. It needs MAX.
tools/doc_lint.mojo	Whether the documentation follows the writing rules.