Vessels

vessel_mesh builds a named lower-limb artery or vein. Connected centerlines preserve the major arterial branches and venous junctions.

The solids live in extensions/humanoid/skeleton/leg/vessels/. add_leg can draw them with VESSELS. See Leg.

This is not a three.js port. See Extensions.

Call it

from extensions.humanoid.sex import MALE
from extensions.humanoid.spec import HumanoidSpec
from extensions.humanoid.skeleton.leg.contents import BONES, VESSELS
from extensions.humanoid.skeleton.leg.vessels.dimensions import FEMORAL_ARTERY
from extensions.humanoid.skeleton.leg.vessels.geometry import vessel_mesh
from units.si import FOOT, Length

var person = HumanoidSpec(Length(6.0, FOOT), MALE)
var artery = vessel_mesh(person, FEMORAL_ARTERY)

side picks RIGHT or LEFT. A right leg is the default.

The solids live in the leg frame. The origin is the tibiofemoral joint line. Plus y is proximal. Plus x is body-right. Plus z is anterior.

Named parts

The labeled set follows the standard adult lower-limb courses.

Part	Role
FEMORAL_ARTERY	Femoral triangle through the adductor canal and hiatus.
POPLITEAL_ARTERY	Adductor hiatus through the posterior knee to the tibial branch point.
ANTERIOR_TIBIAL_ARTERY	Branch point through the proximal interosseous route and anterior leg.
TIBIOPERONEAL_TRUNK	Short common segment from the popliteal split to the posterior/fibular split.
POSTERIOR_TIBIAL_ARTERY	Tibioperoneal split through the deep posterior leg and behind the medial malleolus.
FIBULAR_ARTERY	Tibioperoneal split along the deep posterior fibula.
PERONEAL_ARTERY	Compatibility name for FIBULAR_ARTERY.
FEMORAL_VEIN	Popliteal continuation through the adductor hiatus to the groin.
POPLITEAL_VEIN	Deep-vein confluence through the posterior knee.
GREAT_SAPHENOUS_VEIN	In front of the medial malleolus, along the tibia's medial border and the medial knee, then femoral vein.
SMALL_SAPHENOUS_VEIN	Posterior lateral malleolus and calf, then popliteal vein.

The femoral artery ends exactly where the popliteal artery starts. The anterior tibial artery and tibioperoneal trunk share the popliteal split.

The trunk then splits into posterior tibial and fibular arteries. The saphenous veins end exactly on their deep-vein junctions.

Physical radii drive distance, containment and analytic mass. The mesh alone applies a diagrammatic minimum radius for visibility.

The model ends at the ankle. It omits profunda, genicular, plantar, dorsalis-pedis and paired distal deep-vein branches.

is_artery returns True for the five named arteries.

Tissue

arterial_tissue() and venous_tissue() hold wet density 1.06 g/cm³ as a named whole-blood template. Water fraction is 0.80.

Arterial circumferential modulus is 0.50 MPa. Venous circumferential modulus is 0.30 MPa. Poisson's ratio is 0.45.

Water fraction is metadata. Mass uses wet density times envelope volume. Do not scale by one minus water fraction again.

These values are named research metadata. This extension does not implement a constitutive model.

Sources

• Femoral artery, StatPearls
• Popliteal artery, StatPearls
• Popliteal branch biometrics
• Lower-extremity venous drainage, NCBI Bookshelf
• Saphenous neurovasculature, StatPearls
• Normal lower-limb arterial calibers

Mass

from extensions.humanoid.skeleton.leg.vessels.mass import vessel_mass
from units.si import GRAM

var report = vessel_mass(person, FEMORAL_ARTERY)
report.mass.to(GRAM)

Example

examples/vessels.mojo draws one six foot male right leg. The layers are bones and vessels. It writes out/vessels.png. Run it with:

.venv/bin/mojo run -I . examples/vessels.mojo out/vessels.png