https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharaohs

𓉐𓉻 mighty house

𔔓 𐜯 por-aha 𐘇 𐀀 𔘭 axe

𒁈 BÁRA Führer ⇔ pro… portar приводи́ть privodítʹ привести́ privestí

!()[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Demotic-character-pr-%EA%9C%A5%EA%9C%A3.png/40px-Demotic-character-pr-%EA%9C%A5%EA%9C%A3.png]

ⲟⲩⲣⲟ , ϥ. ⲟⲩⲣⲱ , pl. ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ m king, f. queen •Sir (ⲟ=𐤏) ⇔ Zar
ⲟⲩⲣⲟ < ⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ᵖᵃr̄ro ⲫⲁⲣⲁⲱ (pharaō), Hebrew פַּרְעֹה and Ancient Greek φαραώ (pharaṓ pharao
ⲣ̄ⲣⲟ ⇔ π.roy ⲟⲩⲣⲟ rex regal regent raj

palace
Greek: παλάτι (el) n (paláti)
Ancient: βασίλειον n (basíleion)
⇔
king

Much confusion in early dynasties:
Hard to reconcile contemporary 󳲌 Horus names with later 𓍷 serekh / cartouche names and …
󳲌 Archeology 𓊁 Serekh
𓍷 Saqqara / 󴣎󴣏 Sakkara Tablet (original ok??)
𓍷 Karnak King List (3rd Dynasty …)
󴣎󴣏𓅆 Royal Canon of Turin 𓇓𓆤𓍷 Shubit titles 𓆥
󴥾 Abydos King List (best original preserved! link )
󴊃 󴫇 𓀷 Palermo Stone, 9 predynastic pharaohs of Lower Egypt, ONE fragment of Royal Annals:
Royal Annals 1st to 5th dynasties => Palermo & "Cairo Annals Stone"
𓉗 as cartouche in Shubit Nebty names 𓆥 𓅒 𓉗 ≈ 𓇓𓆤𓍷 𓇓𓆤𓉐 !
𓅒 Nebty name first for Semerkhet / Iry
𓃫󴊇 °Manetho via Eusebius / Africanus https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/manetho/

1 °Hephaestus 𓎛 𓐑 𓊪 𓅭, discoverer of fire 𓍒 𓍑 𓊮 Ptah God of craftsmen and creation
2 °Helios (the Sun) 𓇳 ≈ Hera
3 °Sosis (Air) 𓈙 𓆄 𓅱 𓀭
3b°Agathodaemén 𓅜 𓐍 𓏏 𓏳 (good spirit)
4 °Cronos (Time) 𓆵 ≈ 𓏏 𓂋 𓇋 𓆵 𓇳 Tartarus ⇔ Saturn "shining"
5 °Osiris 𓊨 𓁹 𓀭 / 𓁹 𓊩 / 𓂀 & Isis 𓊨 𓏏 𓆇 𓁐
6 °Typhon, brother of Osiris, son of Hera and Cronus / Gaia and Tartarus
7 °Horus / Orus, 𓅆 𓅃 son of Osiris and Isis.

7 °Horus / Orus 𓅆 𓅃
8 °Ares 𓄿 ⇔ Mars
9 °Anubis 𓇋 𓈖 𓊪 𓁣 @ 𓉈 𓅂
9b °Amusis 𓄟
10 °Héraclés vs Hermés Mercury "glittering"
11 °Apollô 𓎛 𓐑 𓊪 𓅭 !?
11b°Apion 𓎛 𓐑 𓊪 𓅭 "the grammarian" ☑ **
12 °Ammôn 𓇋 𓏠 𓈖 𓅆 Amun 𓀮
13 °Tithoês 𓅞 𓏏 𓏮 𓁟 / 𓏏 𓇋 𓅱 𓀷
14 °Sôsus 𓈙 𓆄 𓅱 𓀭 ?
15 °Zeus Jupiter: 𓊪 𓏏 𓎛 𓀭 Ptah Phaethon "radiant"

𓄤𓆑𓂋 Aphrodité "The fairest" Venus

After the Gods, Demigods reigned for 1255 years, and again another line of kings held sway for 1817 years: then came thirty more kings of Memphis,’ reigning for 1790 years ; and then again ten kings of This, reigning for 350 years. There followed the rule of Spirits of the Dead (νεκυες ἡμίθεοι) and Demigods, for 5813 years.

I Spirits of the Dead Demigods
II Mineus 𓏠 𓈖 𓇋 𓋉 𓋊
III Bochus and eight other kings 𓐑 𓊪 𓏲 𓃒
IV Necherocheus and seven other kings 𓈖 𓅘 𓎛 ⇔ νεκυες ἡμίθεοι 𓅜 𓋺 / 𓈖 󴟢 𓀷 ?
V Similarly seventeen other kings
VI. Similarly twenty-one other kings for 258 years.
VII. Othoi and seven other kings for 203 years.
VIII. Similarly fourteen other kings for 140 years.
IX. Similarly twenty other kings for 409 years.
X. Similarly seven other kings for 204 years.

Thereafter, the kingship passed from one to another in unbroken succession down to Bydis (Bites) 𓆤 𓆥 through 13,900 years. 11,985 lunar years, or 969 solar years plus 1058 solar years.

( A year might here mean month or decan )

Five Egyptian tribes (casts?) which formed thirty dynasties, comprising those whom they call Gods, Demigods, Spirits of the Dead, and mortal men.

Egregori (or ‘ Watchers ’) descended to earth in the general cosmic year 1000, held converse with men, and taught them that the orbits of the two luminaries, being marked by the twelve signs of the Zodiac, are composed of 360 parts.

Mizraim Mestraim (dual!) •Menstraim Menes 𓋉 𓋊
Mestraim lived not long after the Flood. For after the Flood, Cham (or Ham), son of Noah, begat Aegyptus or Mestraim

Compare with 𒁹𒀭𒂗𒉺𒇻𒋙𒉡 Berossos Babylonian King list, invention of the semi-circular sundial hollowed out of a cubical block.

214 years out of 858 horoi (periods of three months) or tropoi 𓏏 𓂋 𓇋 𓆶 𓇳

Here ends the First Book of Manetho, which contains a period of 2100 years.

XI. A dynasty of kings of Diospolis, for 60 years.
XII. A dynasty of kings of Bubastus, for 153 years.
XIII. A dynasty of kings of Tanis, for 184 years.
XIV. A dynasty of kings of Sebennytus, for 224 years.
XV. A dynasty of kings of Memphis, for 318 years.
XVI. A dynasty of kings of Héliopolis, for 221 years.
XVII. A dynasty of kings of Hermupolis, for 260 years.

The Second Book continues the record down to the Seventeenth Dynasty, and comprises 1520 years.

Africanus increases by 20 years the period from Adam to the Flood, Eusebius keeps to the sound reckoning of 2242 years in agreement with Scripture. ( see Narmer 𓆢𓍋󴇚 ≈ Narachô first king, Noah’s son ). In regard to the period from the Flood down to Abraham and Moses, both have gone astray by 130 years.

These are the Egyptian dynasties:

Africanus and Eusebius differ starkly in dates and names:
“The astonishing variations between their figures are an eloquent testimony to what may happen to numbers in a few centuries through textual corruption.”

Row Sign Name Notes Transliteration
1 𓉔𓄿𓃀𓏯 Hab "Ibis" hAb 𓅞
2 𓅭 Aped "Bird" Apd 𓄿𓊪𓂧𓅬
3 𓐑𓊪𓏲𓃒 Hepu "Apis bull" Hpw hapi hapuˡˡ
4 𓌞𓋴𓏲𓂻 Shemsu "Follower" Smsw 𓇓𓆤𓍷
5 𓏠𓈖𓇋 Meni.. mni.. "Menes I"
6 𓅩𓂋𓏘𓀠 Werqa.. "Great of height" wr-qA..
8 𓇋𓆑 Af.. i[f]..
9 𓁣𓅆 Set.. cf. 1.16 stH..
10 𓌕𓏌𓏲 Sunu.. "Doctor" swnw..
11 𓅃𓅆 Horus.. cf. 1.17 Hrw..
14 𓂜𓇋𓃀𓃙 Ni-ib.. "Does not thirst" n ib..
15 X Nesensebk..sew.. very uncertain
16 𓊪𓈖𓈖𓋴𓏏𓆝𓏏𓈖 𓋴𓊪𓏏 Pensetensepet.. "Clods of the shore" pns.t n spt
17 𓌨𓂋 𓈞𓏏𓁐𓐆 𓀻𓐆 Her-hemut-shepsesut.. "Possessor of noble women" Xr-Hm.wt-Sps.w[t]..
18 𓐍𓂤𓏲 𓈞𓏏𓁐𓐆 𓀻𓐆 Khu-hemut-shepsesut.. "Protector of noble women" xw-Hm.wt[-Sps.wt?]..
22 𓊃𓎡𓂋𓏯 Sokar.. cf. Seker skr..
23 𓂝𓂋 Iaret.. cf. Uraeus ar[t]..
2 𓅜 Spirits group of kings Axw
3 𓅜 Spirits group of kings Axw
6 𓌞𓅃 Followers of Horus group of kings Smsw Hr

Scorpion I
Iry-Hor 𓅃𓂋𓂋 / 𓅅𓂋 / 𓅅𓎟 ⇔ 𓅃𓋹 ≈ 𓅃𓉻 ⇔ 𓅉
Ka 󳲌𓂓 ≈ 𓅃󴫇·Ш𓂓 щ𓂓 ᚈ𓂓 ⫫𓂓 𐎜𓂓 𓇐𓂓 ϣ𓂓 Sekhen
Scorpion II

…𓊪𓅱𓀷 …pu
𓋴𓂓𓀷 Seka Hsekiu
𓆩𓃛𓀷 Khayu cow
𓏏𓇋𓅱𓀷 Tiu
𓍿𓈙𓀷 Thesh
𓈖󴟢𓀷 ≈ Neheb hobel 𓈖󴜢𓀷 𓈖󴜦𓀷 ?
𓇅𓆜𓀷 Wazner Wazenez, Wadjenedj, Wenegbu? 𓆜𓀷 Ner ⇔ 𓆢𓍋 Narmer
𓅓𓄡𓀷 Mekh

This/Theny, near Girga, seat of the First and Second Dynasties.
The cemetery of the First Dynasty kings was near Abydos

Several variants for each king according to sources:

1. Menes 󴥾𓏠𓈖𓇋 Μήν Μήνης Ménés Μιν Min 𓋊 𓋉 Khmin 𓃝 Khmun
   Menes ⚭ 𓋋𓊵 Neithhotep
   Mênês according Manetho, Min in Herodotus deliverance of Ménas by a crocodile 𓆊
   Narmer 𓆢𓍋󴇚 𓆢󴡨󴇚 ⇔ 𓇅𓆜𓀷 Wazner
   Narachô first king, Noah’s son as of Manetho (@ Cham )
   Hor-Aha 𓅃𓉻 ≈ 𓅃𓋹 𓁛
   𓆢𓍋 ⋍ Min wegen 𓍊 monk und 𓆢 ⋍ 𒀭𒊹 Min star / மீன் mīṉ fish in dravidian

2. Ἄθωθις Athotís Athôthis @ Memphis 𓍷𓏏𓏏𓇋 ⥋ 𓏏𓇋𓅱𓀷
   "his anatomical works are extant, for he was a physician"
   Teti ≠ Iti ≠ Ita !
   Djer 𓍷𓇋𓏏𓄿
   Djer 󳲌𓈈 ≈ see Den 𓈈𓈈󴥾
   Djer 𓅉 In-nebw = Uenéphes
   Djet 󳲌𓆓 ! ⥋ Usapháis ⚭ 𓉻𓈖𓏏𓋌 Ahaneith
   Djetᶥ 𓍷𓇋𓏏𓄿 ⥋
   Itiᵗᶥ 𓇋𓏏𓍘󴥾 itty ittj •itity Itetj 󳲌𓈈 ≈ Djet/Djer
   Ita 𓇋𓏏𓄿󴥾 𓇋𓏏𓅂󴥾 𓇋𓏏𓅐󴥾 vulture?
   Iti 𓍷𓈈𓈈 Itui? 𓅂
   Itaⁿ 𓍷𓈈𓈈?
   Itui 𓍷𓈈𓈈? ⇔ Ἄθωθις Athotís doubling
   Tiuᵗᶥ 𓏏𓇋𓅱𓀷
   Teti 𓏏𓏏𓇋󴥾 =
   Teti I 𓏏𓏏𓇋𓏭
   Septi 𓈈𓈈󴥾 ⩮ Qenti ⩮ Den

3. Κενκένης Kenkenés Cencenes ⇔ 𓂧𓈖
   Khenthap 𓐍𓈖𓏏𓀾 𓎛𓐑𓊪𓀭 Musician of Hapi "mother" •queenth of harp
   Merneith 𓌹𓂋𓋎 mother of 󳲌𓂧𓈖 Den Don Daniel (5.)
   ⇔

4. Οὐενέφης Vavenephis ⋍
   Uenephés @ Africanus "famine, built the pyramids near Cho/Kôchôme"
   Merbapen 𓌸𓂋𓊸𓊪𓈖𓍷 ⥋ ( 󴓤 𓐐 )
   Merbiapen 𓌻𓂋𓍅𓊪𓈖 ⇔ Merneith
   Meribiap 𓌻𓂋𓈞𓊪󴥾
   Miebîdós 𓍷𓌻𓂋𓈞𓊪 ⥋ 6. Niebaïs@Manetho Anedjib 𓍷󳁥

5. Οὐσαφάϊς Usaphais Usaphaïs
   Enezib 𓎚𓄣 = 𓎙󳪵
   Anedjib 𓍷𓎚󴞦 =
   Hor-Adjib 󳲌𓎚󴞦

(Qe)beh …𓃀𓎛𓅆 ⥋
Qa'a 󳲌𓏘𓂝 ⥋
Qenti 𓐖𓏏𓏭 ⥋
Qenti 𓂧𓈖𓏏 ⥋
Kénkenes 𓂧𓈖 ⋍ Cencenes (4.) ≈ 𓍷𓂓𓂸𓂸𓂸 (2.) ?
Qenqen 𓂧𓈖 ≈
Den 󳲌𓂧𓈖 Dewen Udimu Udymu "Oúsaphaîdos" "Khasti"
Den 󳲌𓂧𓈖 Don Daniel 'God is my Judge' @ Susa! Shush-e Daniyal
Sepati 𓍷𓈈𓈈 𓍷𓈐? see Itaⁿ 󳲌𓈈 Djet/Djer
Daniel & Seth in the Abrahamic religions, was the third son of Adam and Eve.

6. Νιεβάϊς Niebais ⥋ 4. Uenephés
   Anedjib 𓍷󳁥 ⥋
   Adjib 𓍷󳉇 ⥋
   Miebidos ⥋

7. Σεμἔμψης Mempses@Manetho
   Semempsés 𓅒𓋴𓍋𓄡
   Semerkhet 󳲌𓋴󴡨𓐍/󳲌𓋴𓍋𓎡/󳲌𓋴𓍋𓄡? ⥋
   Semerkhet 𓅒𓆥𓉗 𓇓𓊵 𓏌𓏌𓏌 !? 󴠔 ≈ Ⴤ ⑂ Y ⵖ Џ џ ᵞ
   Semsu 󳁥󴥾
   Semsen 𓋴𓅓𓋴𓅓 @ Turin
   Simpson Samson 𓇳 …
   "many portents and a great pestilence occurred."

Sneferka 󳲌𓋴𓄤𓂓

8. Οὐβιένθης Ubienthês / Vibenthis @ Manetho
   Biênechês / Bienékhes! ⇔ Bau-netjer 𓊹𓅢 see 2nd Dynasty
   Qebeh 𓍷𓏘𓃀𓎛𓏁 𓏘𓃀𓎛󴥾
   Qaᵇa 󳲌𓏘𓂝 "Sen" old senior
   (Qe)beh …𓃀𓎛𓅆 @ Turin
   Batyires 𓃀𓏏𓃝𓍘𓂋𓋴𓏏 Queen Batires Betrest
   Ba 𓃀𓃝 see 2nd Dynasty
   Bird 󳲌𓅭

Hotepsekhemwy 𓊵󴠔󴠔 Sehotep

1. Βοηθός Boéthos @ Manetho "𓃝 Mendesian goat god"
   Bedjau 𓊵𓌂𓌂⥋ 󴪿 ≈ 󴠔 ≈ 𓍋 ≈ 𓌂 ≈ 󴠔 ≈ Ⴤ
   Bedjau 𓍷𓃀𓍑𓅱󴪿 Bochos in Bubastus @ Eusebius
   "a chasm opened at Bubastus, and many perished."

2a.
Nebra 󳲌𓇳𓎟 ⇔ Neter-Ren / Ren-nebu
Raneb 󳲌𓇳𓎟 󳲌𓊵󴠔󴠔 "development of sun worship and the cult of Ra"

2b. Καιέχως Kaiechés Kaichôos Cechous Choos 𓎟 see 2b. / 4b.

3. Binothris / Βίοφις Biophis
   Baunetjer 𓊵𓌂𓌂⥋𓍷𓃀𓍑𓅱
   Banetjer 𓃝𓊹𓈖
   Binóthris 𓃝𓊹𓈖
   Ba 󳲌𓃀𓃝
   Bau-netjer 𓊹𓅢
   Ba-netjeru 𓍷𓎻𓅡𓊹𓏏𓂋𓅱 (Followed by Wadjenes 𓍷𓇅𓄓𓏤𓄹 in Saqqara)
   Banetjer 󴥾𓊸𓃝𓊹𓈖 =
   Nynetjer 𓊸𓃝𓊹𓈖 Ninetjer 𓃔𓎟 Ren-nebu 𓊹𓃔 Neter-Ren

2b. / 4b. Καιέχως Kaiechés / Kaichóos Chóos according Syncellus
Kakau 𓍷𓂓𓂸𓂸𓂸 Kakaw Kaíechós
"In his reign the bulls Apis at Memphis and Mnevis at Heliopolis, and the Mendesian goat were worshipped as gods"

4. uncertain
   Wadjenes 𓍷𓇅𓄓𓏤𓄹 Wadjlas @ Saqqara
   Wadjenes 󴥾𓇅𓈖𓋴 ⇔ Weneg flower :
   Weneg-Nebty 𓆥 𓅒 𓏼󳾮𓏼 ⋍ 𓏼𓇅𓏼
   Tlas 𓇅𓈖𓋴 ( 𓈖 N⇨L )
   Wadjlas 𓇅𓈖𓋴 / 𓍷𓇅𓄓𓏤𓄹
   Ougotlas 𓇅𓈖𓋴
   Nubnefer 𓋞𓄤 Nebra 󳲌𓇳𓎟

5. Sethenes ⋍ 𓋴𓈖𓂧𓇋 @ Manetho
   Sendi 𓋴𓈖𓂧𓇋
   Senedj 𓋴𓈖𓂧𓇋
   Senedj 𓍷 𓅾

5b uncertain:
Peribsen 𓃫󴊇𓉐𓄣𓋴𓈖
Bebti 𓃫󴊇𓉐𓄣?
Sekhemib 𓇓𓆤 𓋴𓌂𓄣 𓉐 ⇔ Sekhemkhet 𓋴𓌂𓄡
Sekhemib-Perenmaat

6. Chairês ⋍ 𓇳𓂓󴥾 !
   Kakau 𓍷𓂓𓂸𓂸𓂸 Kakaw Kaíechós

7. Nephercherês
   Neferkara I 𓇳𓄤𓂓󴥾 ⇔ 𓇳𓄤𓁹𓂓󴥾!
   Néphercherés 𓇳𓄤𓂓
   Nefer.Kaśokar 𓄤𓂓𓊃𓎡𓂋 ^^

7b / 8b / 9
Khasekhem 𓃫󴊇𓈍𓌂
Khasekhemwy 𓃫󴊇󴂩󴠔󴠔 󴂪󴠔󴠔

8. Σέσωχρις Sesôchris ≠ Σέσωστρις Sesostris @ Herodotus see Senusret much later
   Sesóchris 𓄤𓂓𓊃𓎡𓂋 < •Casóchris
   Horus Saˢᵒ 𓅃𓊃𓄃?
   Djadjay 𓍑𓍑𓁶𓇋𓇋
   Hudjefa _𓆓𓆑𓄿 'missing/erased'

9. Chenerês 𓃫󴊇𓈍𓌂 see 7/8b

1. Νεχερώφης Necheróphês 𓇳𓄤𓂓 Necherôchis ⇔ 𓈖 𓅘 𓎛 ?
   Nebka 𓍷𓎟𓂓𓏤

2. Τόσορθρος Tosórthros 𓂦𓎃 Sesorthos Asclepios
   Djoser 𓂦𓎃 Netjerikhet

3a. Tosertasis
Teti 󴥾𓏏𓏏𓇋
Tyréis 𓂦𓏏𓏏:𓏏𓏏𓇋 Tyris
Djoserti
(Djoser-)Teti 𓂦𓏏𓏏:𓏏𓏏𓇋 ≈⥋

3b. Sekhemkhet 𓋴𓌂𓄡

4a. Sedjes 𓊃𓆓𓋴󴥾

Mesôchris
Necherôchis 𓇳𓄤𓂓 see 1.
Necherôphes 𓇳𓄤𓂓
Neferkarê 𓇳𓄤𓂓
Neferkare
Nebkare
Nebka
Nebtawy

4x. Hudjefa means "erased" or "missing"
Hudjefa I 󴣎𓎛𓆓𓆑𓄿𓅯𓅩󴣏𓅆 @ Turin
Hudjefa 𓍷𓄑𓆓𓆑𓅰 @ Sakkara •fowl 𓅰 ≈ 𓅯𓅪

4. Sôÿphis see 2. Djoser / 8. Sêphuris ?
5. Tósertasis see Djoserti see 3.

5x. Huni (Turin) ⇔
5y. Senakht 𓍛𓈖𓆱

6. see 𓇳𓄤𓂓
7. Achés 󳲌𓏘𓋑 ?
8. Séphuris
9. Kerpherés
   Khaba 𓈍𓅡𓏘𓋑
   Qahedjet 󳲌𓏘𓋑 ⇔ Hudjefa 'missing/erased'
   ⚠️ Huni 𓎛𓏏 / 𓎛𓏲𓏏 𓍷𓇓𓏏𓈖𓎛 Nisut-Hu, Ny-Suteh, Hu-en-nisut Hw.t-njswt.-hw ("Hut-nisut-hu")
10. Áches ^^ very african

1. Sôris
   Sneferu 𓋴𓄤𓅱
   Nebmaat 󳲌𓎟𓁦
2. Cheops ⋍ Chabryês ⋍ Suphis I, II
   Khufu 𓐍𓆑𓅱
   Khafra 𓇳𓈍𓂝𓆑 Χεφρῆν Chephrên
   Khafre 𓇳𓈍𓂝𓆑
   Chnoubos 𓎸𓃝𓐍𓆑𓅱
3. Mencherés Mencherinus
   Menkaure 𓇳𓏠𓂓𓂓𓂓 Kakhet

Medjedu 󳲌𓐦𓅱

4. Ratoisés
   Radjedef 𓇳𓊽𓆑 Ῥατοίσης
   Djedefre 𓇳𓊽𓆑

5. Bikheris Bicheris π/𓆑!
   Bakaʳ 𓃝𓂓

6. Sebercherés
   Shepseskaf 𓀻𓊃𓊃𓂓𓆑

7. Thamphthis
   Userib 󳲌𓌀𓄣

1. Usercherés
   Userkaf 𓌀𓋴𓂓𓆑 vs 𓌂
   Irimaat

2. Sephrês Σϵϕρής
   Sahure 𓇳𓃃𓅱 𓇳󳡵𓅱 𓇳𓃅𓅱 𓇳𓇐𓅱 𓇳𓃄𓅱
   Sahure "close to Re" 𓍐 ⇔ 𓋴 𓐍 𓌦 𓂡 close 𓊪 𓄡 𓂋 𓄲 enclose 𓈙 𓂧 𓏲 𓂡 closed 𓄲 𓂋 𓂻 enclose 𓂝 𓂋 𓆑 𓂬 enclose

3. Nephercherés
   Neferirkare 𓇳𓄤𓁹𓂓𓍷 ≟ Kakai 𓂓𓂓𓇋󴥾 Cherés? ⇔ 𓇳𓄤𓂓󴥾 ⇔
   Neferefre 𓇳𓄤𓆑𓍷 ≠
   Nyuserre 𓇳𓈖𓌀𓋴𓂋󴥾 ⇔ "Netjeruser" 𓊹𓅱𓌀𓋴𓂋𓍷

4. Sisirés
   Shepseskare 𓇳𓀼𓋴𓋴𓂓𓍷
   Shepseskare 𓇳𓀼𓂓𓇳 (Saite Scarab)
   Shepseskare Sekhemkhaw 𓌂𓈍𓅱 vs Khasekhem 𓃫󴊇𓈍𓌂
   Shepseskare "Netjeruser" 𓊹𓅱𓌀𓋴𓂋𓍷 ⇔ 𓇳𓈖𓌀𓋴𓂋󴥾 Nyuserre

5. Cherés
   ⇔ Kakai 𓂓𓂓𓇋󴥾

6. Rathurés 𓇳𓃃𓅱?

Nyuserre 𓇳𓈖𓌀𓋴𓂋󴥾 "Ini" 𓇋𓈖𓈖𓇋𓍷
7. Mencherés ( confusion with 𓇳𓏠𓂓𓂓𓂓 Menkaure )
Menkauhor 𓇳𓏠𓈖𓂓𓂓𓂓󴥾 Kaiu-Hor 𓍷𓅃𓂓𓇋𓅱
8. Tancherés Tatcherés
Djedkare 𓇳𓊽𓂓󴥾 𓅉𓍷𓇳𓊽𓂓 Isesi
9. Unas Unis Onnus Oenas Onnos Wenis 𓃹𓈖𓇋𓋴 ⇔ "Ini" 𓇋𓈖𓈖𓇋𓍷

34 Teti 𓏏𓏏𓇋󴥾 Othoés
35 Userkare 𓇳𓌀𓋴𓂓󴥾 "Phius" "Methusuphis"
36 Meryre 𓇳𓌻𓂋𓇋𓇋󴥾 Pepi I 𓊪𓊪𓇋𓇋𓍷 "Phiéps" Maria 𓇳𓌻𓇋𓇋𓍷
37 Merenre 𓇳𓌻𓂋𓈖󴥾 Nemtyemsaf I Marion Menthesuphis
38 Neferkare 𓇳𓄤𓂓󴥾 Neferka Pepi II see 5th
39 Merenre Saemsaf 𓇳𓌻𓂋𓈖𓅧𓅓𓎂𓆑󴥾 Nemtyemsaf II
Nitocris, the noblest and loveliest of the women of her time
Scemiophris (Sebeknofruré‘) ⇔ Thamphthis 4th

First Intermediate Period

Joseph was governor of Egypt, and in whose reign thereafter
Moses, —he who saw God,— led the Hebrews in their exodus from Egypt,

The founder of the First Dynasty of kings of Argos, Inachus is said to have died twenty generations before the Fall of Troy, 1.6. circa 1850 B.c. Aegyptus and Danaus were fifth in descent from Inachus:

** Much confusion between Gods, Demigods and later persona:
Apiôn the grammarian, born in Upper Egypt, lived at Rome in the time of Tiberius, Gaius, and Claudius: Tiberius called him by the nickname of “cymbalum mundi”. As leader of the anti-Jewish movement, Apiôn was later attacked by Josephus in his Contra Apionem. The quotation from Apiôn appears to derive in part from the History of Ptolemy of Mendés: see Tatian, Or. adversus Graecos, § 38, in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, vi. 880-882, and in Miiller, F.H.G. iv. p. 485 (quoted in F.H.G. ii. p. 533). (Ptolemy of Mendés dated the Exodus to the reign of Amésis, who was contemporary with Inachus. Apiônin the fourth volume of his Aegyptiaca (in five volumes) stated that Auaris was destroyed by Amésis.) Much matter must have been common to the works of Ptolemy of Mendés and Apiôn: cf. Africanus in Eusebius, Praepar. Evang. x. 10, ‘‘ Apiôn says that in the time of Inachus Moses led out the Jews’’. Cf. Fr. 52, 1, 53,9: 4 The founder

𓍷 𓈎 𓃭 𓇋 𓍯 𓊪 𓄿 𓂧 𓂋 𓄿 | Cleopatra | #qrwjwꜣpꜣdrꜣ Κλεοπάτρα “glory of the father”
𓍷 𓊪 𓏏 𓍯 𓃭 𓐝 𓇌 𓋴 | Ptolemaios | Πτολεμαῖος Ptolemy

After the enormous social upheavals generated by Akhenaten's religious reform, Horemheb, Ramesses I and Seti I's main priority was to re-establish order in the kingdom and to reaffirm Egypt's sovereignty over Canaan and Syria

𓁛 𓁞 𓁧 𓁭 𓁮 : 󳂝 󳂦 󳂻 󳃖 󳑡 󳑣 󳑰 󳑱 󳑸 󳇼 󳇽 󳇾 󳇿 󳈀 󳔧 󳔨 󳔩 󳔰 󳔱 󳔳 󳔸

1. 𓇳 𓄟 𓋴 𓇓 𓅱 "Ra-mes-su" Ra begot him "Ramses I" Paramessu
2. 𓇳 𓏠 𓈖 𓄇 𓏏 𓏏 Menpehtire Menpehtyre Menophres "Remaining Potent(ate)" 1b. 𓇳 𓅭 𓏏 Sitre Re-Sait Tia God’s Mother, Great King’s Mother, Hereditary Princess iryt-p`t𓂋𓊪𓂝
3. 𓁣 Seti I / Sethi founder of the 19th Dynasty as of Manetho <> 𓇳 𓍇 𓁞 𓇳 𓏠
4. "sty mry-n-ptḥ" 𓌸 𓇋 𓇋 𓈖 𓁣 𓎛 𓏏 𓊪 or Sety Merenptah, meaning "Man of Set, beloved of Ptah"
5. 𓊪 𓏏 𓎛 𓁣 𓇋 𓇋 𓈘 𓈖 Ptah Sety Meren @ 𓁣 Sutekh Seth Mother : 𓇳 𓅭 𓏏 Sitre Re-Sait "Tia"
6. 𓇋 𓏠 𓈖 𓌻 𓇋 𓇋 𓁣 𓈖 Amun Mery Satan 𓇳 𓌀𓁧𓋾 𓏠 Raymon
7. 𓇳 𓏠 𓈖 Menmaatre Ozymandias Usermaatre Setepenre ma'at < mand in Ozymandias •Mantra =
8. Ramesses II
9. Merneptah 𓀮 Merneptah 𓌹 𓌀𓁛 𓈘 𓈖 𓊵 𓁷 𓏤 Merenhotep 𓌹 𓌀𓁛 𓈘 𓈖 𓃝 Merenba 󳑯󳑱 ~ 2.!
10. Banenre Mery-netjeru, which means "Soul of Ra, Beloved of the Gods".
11. Seti II/Amenmesse 5a. Userkheperure Setepenre "Seti II" Sethos 𓍉 𓈖 𓇳 "chosen one of Re." 5b. Amenmesse Menmire Setpenre

𓍉 𓈖 𓇳 Setepenre "Elect of Re" 𒃻𒋼𒅁𒈾𒊑𒀀 šá-te-ep-na-re-a Šátep-na-rīꜥa ! Usermaatre Setepenre (Ramesses II) Moses 𓇳 𓄟 𓋴 𓋴 Userkheperure Setepenre (Seti II) Akhenre Setepenre (Siptah) Usermaatre Setepenre (Ramesses VII) Neferkare Setepenre Khaemwaset (Ramesses IX) Khepermaatre Setepenre (Ramesses X) Hedjkheperre Setepenre (Smendes I) 𓋴𓍊…? Aakheperre Setepenre (Osorkon the Elder) Netjerkheperre Setepenre (Siamun) Titkheperure Setepenre (Psusennes II) Hedjkheperre Setepenre (Shoshenq I) 𓇏𓇏𓈖𓏘 Sekhemkheperre Setepenre (Osorkon I) Heqakheperre Setepenre (Shoshenq II) Hedjkheperre Setepenre (Takelot I) Usermaatre Setepenre (Shoshenq III) Hedjkheperre Setepenre (Takelot II) Hedjkheperre Setepenre (Shoshenq IV) 778–740 BC Usermaatre Setepenre (Pami) Uasnetjerre Setepenre (Shoshenq VII, existence doubtful)

Shoshenq A, sometimes also called Shoshenq the Elder, was a Great Chief of the Ma during the 21st Dynasty of ancient Egypt. He is mainly known for being an ancestor of the 22nd Dynasty pharaohs. Successor Nimlot/Nimrod A

Loprieno, Antonio (1995), Ancient Egyptian - A linguistic introduction, Oxford University Press, p. 29

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Manetho “Aegyptiaca” via Josephus Flavius (first century A.D.), Sextus Julius Africanus (third century A.D.), Eusebius of Cesarea (third/fourth century A.D), George Syncellos (a Byzantine historian from the eighth century A.D)

Menes; reign 62 (A) or 30 (E) years. He was probably Hor-aha, but some argue that he was Narmer, or a hybrid of several pre-dynastic kings Athothis; reign 57 (A) or 27 (E) years. == Hor-aha Kenkenes; reign 31 (A) or 39 (E) years probably Djer Wenefes/Ouenphes; reign 23 (A) or 42 (E) years. == Djet Usaphaidos/Ousaphaidos; reign 20 (A and E) years. == Den Miebis/Miebidos; reign 26 (A and E) years. == Anedjib Semempses; reign 18 (A and E) years. == Semerkhet Bieneches; reign 26 (A and E) years. == Qa’a

Boethos; reign 38 (A) years. == Bedjau 𓍷𓃀𓍑𓅱󴪿 ☑ Hotepsekhemwy Kaiechos; reign 39 (A) years. == Raneb Binothris; reign 47 (A) years. == Nynetjer Thias; reign 17 (A) years. == Sekhemib (also known as Seth-peribsen) Sethenes; reign 41 (A) years. == 𓋴 𓈖 𓂧 𓇋 Sendji / Senedj / Sened Chaires; reign 17 (A) years. =? Nubnefer 𓋞 𓄤 𓇳𓂓! Neferkheres; reign 25 (A) years. == Neferkare 𓇳𓄤𓂓 ☑☑☑! Sesochris; reign 48 (A and E) years. == Neferkasokar Kheneres (or Cheneris); reign 30 (A and E) years. == Khasekhemwy

Necherophes; reign 28 (A) years. == Sanakhte Libyans revolted, surrendered Tosorthros; reign 29 (A) years. == Zoser / Djoser 𓂦 + Imuthés ≈ Imhotep
Tyreis/Tyris; reign 7 (A) years. == Sekhemkhet Mesochris; reign 17 (A) years. Unclear, 𓄟𓂓𓇳? but may be Khaba: Soyphis/Suphis; reign 16 (A) years. Unclear <> <> 𓐍𓆑𓅱 Khaba ≈ Suphis I 𓋴𓄤𓅱 Tosertasis; reign 19 (A) years. Unclear 𓂦… Aches; reign 42 (A) years. May be Huni ≠ Aha 𓅃𓉻 Sephuris/Sephouris; reign 30 (A) or 48 (E) years . Unclear <> 𓋴𓄤𓅱 Kerferes; reign 26 (A) years . Unclear 𓂓/𓆣/𓄤𓅱 <> Neferkare

Soris; reign 28 years (A). ≈≈ Sneferu •Sofairu 𓋴𓄤𓅱 𓋴𓄤𓆑𓂋 ☑ Suphis I; reign 63 years (A). == 𓐍𓆑𓅱 Khufu Khéops Χέοψ Cheops ⋍ Chabryês ☑ Suphis II; reign 66 years (A). == 𓇳𓈍𓂝𓆑 Khafre Khefren Χεφρῆν Chephren Kha'afre 𓐍 𓂝 𓈍 | rise Mencheres; reign 63 years (A). == Menkaure ☑ Ratoises; reign 25 years (A), Djedefre 𓇳𓊽𓆑 ☑! Bicheris; reign 22 years (A), Bikheris ≈ Baka Bakare 𓅡𓂓𓇳 ☑ Mencheres; reign 63 years (A), Menkaure ☑ Sebercheres; reign 7 years (A), Shepseskaf ≈☑ Tamphtis; reign 9 (A) or 48 (E) years possibly Djedefptah/Thamphthis

Usercheres; reign 28 years (A). ≈ Userkaf ☑ Sephres; reign 13 years (A). ≈ Sahure ΣϵΦρής 𓇳𓇐𓅱 ≈ 𓇳𓃅𓅱 @ Sahure "Near Re" @swamP Nepherchres; reign 20 years (A). ≈ Neferirkare ☑ Sisires; reign 7 years (A). == Shepseskare ≈ Cheres; reign 20 years (A). ≠≈ Neferefre Rathures; reign 44 years (A). == Niuserre Mencheres; reign 9 years (A). == Menkauhor ☑! Tencheres; reign 44 years (A). == Djedkare ~☑ Onnos; reign 33 years (A). == Unas ☑

Othoes; reign 30 years (A). ≈= Teti Phios; reign 53 years (A). ≈= Pepi I Methusuphis; reign 7 years (A). ≈= Merenre I Phiops; reign an unlikely 94 years (A). == Pepi II ☑ Menthesupis; reign almost a year. == Merenre II Nitocris; reign 12 years (A). S == Queen Nitocris

Africanus refers to 70 kings reigning 70 days. Eusebius records five rulers reigning for 75 days.

Amemenes; reign 16 years (A and E), Amenemhat I. ☑ 𓇋 𓏠 𓈖 𓅓 𓄂 𓏏 "Amun im Herz" Sesonchosis; reign 46 years(A and E), Senusret I. ≈☑ SysonChorith 𓄊 𓂋 𓏏 𓊃 𓈖 Ammanemes; reign 38 years (A and E), Amenemhat II. ☑ murdered by his own eunuchs Sesostris; reign 48 years (A and E), Senusret II. ≈☑ subdued the whole of Asia + Europe upto Thrace! Lachares/Lamares; reign 8 years(A and E), (?) Senusret III. <> 𓇳 𓄊 𓋴 𓂋 𓂡 𓈖 Seuserenre 15th • 𓇳𓂓𓂓𓂓 Khakaure ≈ LesKares Lachares 𓇳󳚴 @ Kahun 𓊖 / El-Lahun 𓊖 Senusrethotep new capital 2 dynast Ameres; reign 8 years (A and E), Amenemhat III Ammenemes; reign 8 years (A), Amenemhat IV Skemiophris; reign 4 years (A) Sobekneferu ≈≈±

60 rulers ruling over 453 years mentioned in all three sources, but no names confirmed 𓇳𓌻𓄤 / 𓇳𓌻𓂋𓄤 Merneferre Ay I <> 󴣎?𓇋 𓇋𓇋󴣏 "Eye" <> Ay II 󴣎? 𓇋𓇋 X 𓇋𓇋 𓊹𓋾𓋆󴣏

Africanus records 76 rulers ruling over 184 years, Eusebius mentions 76 rulers over 184 years in one version and over 484 years in another version. No names are confirmed (Timaios or Tutimaios ≈ Tuthmosis confusion: an army of foreigners suddenly came from the Near East)

Saites/Silites; reign 19 years (A, E and J), Salatis Salitis Σάλιτις first Hyksos king •Hyksos Semqen 𓋾 𓏘 𓆷 𓋴 𓅓 𓏘 𓈖 •Semitan Bnon/Baion; reign 44 years (A, E and J), (Aper-Anat?) Sheshi Pacnan/Apachnas; reign 36 (E) or 37 years (A and J), Yakhob-Har (ƒ!?) •Yaqub-Har Jakob-Horus! 𓅭 𓇳 𓇋 𓇋 𓎡 𓊪 𓉔 𓂋 𓏙 𓋹 "Protected by Horus" Semitic! Staan/SethosIannas; reign 50 years (A, E and J), Khyan •Khyan 𓇳 𓄊 𓋴 𓂋 𓂡 𓈖 Seuserenre "strong by re" souserain ϫⲱⲣⲓ <> Sheshi <> Senusret Aphophis/Aiofis/Apofis; reign 61 years (A, E and J), Apopi ☑ Archles/Assis; reign 30 (E) or 49 years (A and J), Khamoudy Khamudi (confused with Kamose)

Africanus refers to 32 kings reigning 518 years. Eusebius refers to dynasty Fifteen and Sixteen ruling out of Thebes for 190 years. No names are confirmed

Africanus records 43 “Shepherd Kings” (referring to the Hyksos) reigning over 151 years but this is considered by some to be a mistake actually referring to the 43 kings of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth dynasties and then five kings ruling from Thebes

The rulers mentioned in this period are Antef I, Rahotep, Sobekemsaf, Djehuty, Montuhotep VII, Nebiryaou I (or II) Sobekemsaf I, Intef VI and VII, Senakhtenre Tao I "The Brave", Seqenenre Tao II, and Kamose (brother and predecessor of Ahmose I)

Foreign kings from Phoenicia, who seized Memphis

1. Saïtês/Saités 19 years <> 𓁣 Seti I / Sethi 𓇳 𓅭 𓏏 Sitre @ Sait nome
2. Bnôn, for 40 years. 𓃀𓈖𓂝𓈖 / 𓃀𓍢𓇩𓂜𓈖 "unnamed" ?
3. Aphôphis, for 14 years. 𓊪𓊵𓊪 ?

Synodic month 29 d 12 h 44 min ( up from 28 ) Saités added 12 hours to the month, to make its length 30 days; and he added 6 days to the year, which thus comprised 365/366 days

After him Archlés(!) reign 30 years. Total, 103 years

It was in their time that Joseph was appointed king of Egypt!

The names given to the eighteenth dynasty kings vary depending on the source. The names below are from Josephus, then Africanus, and then Eusebius (Syncellus)

(J) After the departure of the tribe of Shepherds from Egypt to Jerusalem, Tethmésis (Thuthmosis) the king who drove them out of Egypt, reigned for 25 years (<> Amos!) Chebrôn, who ruled for 13 years. (unexplained) Amenophis reigned for 20 Amessis for 21.9 (Hatshepsut) Méphrés for 12.9 years (Menkheperré* or Meshperé‘) Méphramuthésis for 25 years (Menkheperré‘ Thutmose) "son"

(S) The first of these was Amos in whose reign Moses went forth from Egypt, then Chebron

(E) Iahmes/Amos/Amoses; reign 24-25 years and agreed to be Ahmose I 󴃯 𓄟 𓊃 (Nebpehtire) Amenhotep/Amenophthis/Amophis; reign 20.7 (J), 24 (A) or 21 (E) years, Amenhotep I. 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓊵𓏏𓊪 Mephres/Misaphris/Misaphris; reign 12.9 (J), 13 (A) or 12 (E) years, 𓃒𓂡𓌹𓁦 ≈ Mey'Apirˢ = • Thuthmosis I. 𓅝𓄟 / 𓅞 𓏏 𓏮 𓁟 𓄟 = Aakheperkare ( 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓂓 ) ≈ Chebron/Chebros/Chebros (𓇳𓆣𓈖); reign 13 years (J, A and E) Thuthmosis II (Aakheperenre 𓇳𓉻𓆣𓈖) Amessis/Amensis; reign 21.9 (J) or 22 (A), "sister" Hatshepsut Maatkare <> 𓇳𓁦𓂓 <> 𓌹𓁦𓃒 Mephramuthosis/Misphragnuthosis/Misphamuthosis; reign 25 or 10 years (J) or 26 years (A and E), Thuthmosis III (Menkheperre 𓇳𓏠𓆣 𓅝𓄟𓄤𓆣) and / or Amenhotep II Menkheperure 𓇳𓏠𓆣𓅱?) Thmosis/Tuthmosis/Tuthmosis; reign 9.8 years (J) or 9 (A and E), Tuthmosis IV 𓅝𓄟𓋴 ☑ Amenophis/Amenophis/Amenopthis; reign 30.10 (J) or 31 years (A and E), Amenhotep III 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓊵𓏏𓊪 Orus (𓅄?) ; reign 36.5 (J) 37 (A) or 28 (E) years, 𓇳𓌡𓈖 Waenre ! 𓇳𓄤𓆣𓅱 = •Akhenaten 𓅜𓐍𓈖𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳 ≈ 󴣎𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓅜𓐍𓈖󴣏 Neferneferuaten 󴣎𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓄤𓇳𓌡𓈖󴣏 󴣎𓇳𓆣𓋹𓌡𓈖󴣏 • <> 󴣎𓇋𓏏𓈖𓇳𓈘𓏏󴣏 Meritaten as chief queen <> 󴣎𓇳𓆣𓏥𓄤𓇳𓌡𓈖󴣏 Neferkheperure-Waenre
Acencheres/Acherres/Achencheres; reign 12.1 years (J) 32 years (A) or 16 years (E), • 󴣎𓇳𓆣𓏥𓋹…󴣏 Ankhkheperure (𓇳𓋹𓆣𓅱) 𓇳𓋴𓍊𓂓 Smenkare Smenkhare 󴣎𓇳𓋴𓍊𓂓𓂦𓆣𓏪󴣏 𓇳𓆣𓏥𓎟 Nebkheperura family: • Tutankhamun 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏏𓅱𓏏𓋹 𓋾𓉺𓇓 (Heka Heliopolisu) <> 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓅆 𓅝 ≈ 𓏏𓅱𓏏 ~ 𓅂 Athoris/Rathos/Rathotis (𓇳𓅝 𓇳𓏏𓅱𓏏 Raj Tut) ; reign 9 years (J) or 6 years (A) Tutankhamun (𓇳𓆣𓏥𓎟)! Acencheres/Chebris/Acherres (~𓇳𓋹𓆣/𓇳𓆣/𓇳𓉻𓆣); Reigned 12.3 years (J) 12 years (A) 8 years (E), Ay Acencheres II/Cencherés/Acherres/Cherres; reign 12.3 (J) 12 or 15 (𓇳𓆣𓆣𓆣 Kheperkheperure Ay II) • Ay II 󴣎?𓇋𓇋 X𓇋𓇋 𓊹𓋾𓋆󴣏 (𓇳𓆣𓏥𓎟) <> 12th dynasty Ay I <> 󴣎?𓇋 𓇋𓇋󴣏 "Eye"
Harmais/Amesis/Amais; reign 4.1 ; 5; or 5 months (Horemheb) 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓌻 𓅃𓋔𓐝𓎲 ≈ 𓅃𓋔𓐝𓎟 <> 𓅅󴘊 …
Ramesses; reign 1.4 year ; "Sethos Aegyptus" Moses was the leader of the Jews expelled from Egypt Harmesses Miamen/Ramesses; reign 66 years ; 68 𓌸 𓂋 𓇋 𓏠 𓈖 "called Aegyptus" Amenopthis/Amenophath/Amenophis; reign 19 months; 19 ; or 40 months 𓇋𓏠𓈖𓊵𓏏𓊪 "fictitious person" ;) Harmais Hermaeus Armesis (Armais) (~Horemheb Haremhab? ) "Danaus, expelled to Argos" brother of Ramessés, vizier (brother) of Haremhab ^^ ==

Sethos; reign 59 years ;51 ;or 55 "= Ramessés" (Sesostris, same long dynasty OK) Rampses/Rapsaces/Rampses; reign 66 years; 61 ; "son of Sethos" ☑ "whose power lay in his cavalry and his fleet."

He (Ramesses) then set out on an expedition against Cyprus and Phoenicia and later against the Assyrians ☑ Ramesses … "the land was named Aegyptus after him."

Sethosis is the Sesostris of Herodotus, ii. 102, where his naval expedition in the Red Sea is described. Triumphant Asiatic campaigns were told by Hecataeus of Abdera (Osymandyas in Diodorus Siculus)

A frequent title from the Old Kingdom onwards is ‘overseer of the priests of Upper and Lower Egypt,” tease applied to the high priest of Amin. The emendation ἱερῶν (for ἱερέων) is supported by a reference in a papyrus of about the time of Manetho

The month Phamenoth (February-March) is named from the “feast of Amenothés”

Herodotus (ii. 42) tells the same story of the Egyptian Heracles ≈ (H)Orus (𓅄 horucules!)

Djeserkheperure Setpenre

These (80000 leprose) he cast into the stone-quarries ! to the east of the Nile, there to work segregated from the rest of the Egyptians. Among them, Manetho adds, there were some of the learned priests, who had been attacked by leprosy. Then this wise seer Amenophis (𓇋𓏠𓈖𓊵𓏏𓊪≈𓇋𓐝𓊵𓏏𓊪 son of Paapis 𓊪𓊪𓇋) was filled with dread of divine wrath against himself and the king if the outrage done to these persons should be discovered. When the men in the stone-quarries had suffered bardships for a considerable time, they begged the king to assign to them as a dwelling-place and a refuge the deserted city of the Shepherds, Auaris, and he consented. According to religious tradition this city was from earliest times dedicated to Typhon. Occupying this city and using the region as a base for revolt, they appointed as their leader one of the priests of Héliopolis called Osarséph (after Osiris ≠ 𓌀𓋴𓆑≈𓇳𓌀𓋴𓂓󴥾) (Joseph) (6th dynasty story/legend about Imhotep and they Pyramids <> Herodotus! confused with 18th Dynasty expulsion of Jews@Joseph)

First of all, he made it a law that they should neither worship the gods nor refrain from any of the animals prescribed as especially sacred in Egypt, but should sacrifice and consume all alike, and that they should have intercourse with none save those of their own confederacy. (the Jews under Moses sacrificed the ram as if to insult Ammon, and the bull, because the Egyptians worship Apis.)

After framing a great number of laws like these, completely opposed to Egyptian custom, he ordered them with their multitude of hands, to repair the walls of the city and make ready for war against King Amenophis (his namesake / confusion) Then, acting in concert with certain other priests and polluted persons like himself, he sent an embassy to the Shepherds who had been expelled by Tethmosis, in the city called Jerusalem ; and, setting forth the circumstances of himself and his companions in distress, he begged them to unite wholeheartedly in an attack upon Egypt.

He offered to conduct them first to their ancestral home at Auaris, to provide their hosts with lavish supplies, to fight on their behalf whenever need arose, and to bring Egypt without difficulty under their sway. Overjoyed at the proposal, all the Shepherds, to the number of 200,000, eagerly set out

he summoned to his presence the sacred animals which were held in greatest rever- ence in the temples, and gave instructions to each group of priests to conceal the images of the gods as securely as possible.

native of Héliopolis, named Osarséph after the god Osiris, worshipped at Héliopolis ; but when he joined this people, he changed his name and was called Moses.”

Sources: Wikipedia Hill 2008: Bard, Kathryn (2008) An introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt Clayton, Peter A (1994) Chronicle of the Pharaohs Kemp, Barry J (1991) Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation Van De Mieroop, Marc (1999) A History of Ancient Egypt Various chapters in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (2000) Ed I. Shaw