𒁺𒆷 GUB.LA #Gubla גבל 𐤂𐤁𐤋 GBL Gebail جُبَيْل Jubayl 𐤋 NL

#Gubla < Gubna > Givna

𓎡 𓃀 𓈖 𓈉 | (locality) Byblos | Kaban / Tifne
𓎡 𓃀 𓈖 𓏏 𓊛 | (seagoing) ship | kabanit > shiphonit shipboat
𓂓 𓏤 𓃀 𓈖 𓌙 | (locality) Byblos | Kabana / KaFTaN ⋍ KFT:Crete! / QaPuTes ⇔ kaputt? ⇔ 'phtenoi 𐁇𐀜 ⇔ Copten!?
𓊶 𓈖 𓏮 𓈉 | (locality) Byblos | Qabana™ ⇔avanti! ⇔ 𓊶 𓊪 | cover |

𓎡 𓃀 𓈖 𓈉 Kavnan > Canaan see Kur-Phoenician 𓃀 𓈖 𓈉

>

𓂓 𓏤 𓆓 𓈖 𓂾 𓂻 | charioteer | kar-𓏤-jotner / Kutschener +++

𐤅𐤍𐤇𐤕 𐤟 𐤕𐤁𐤓𐤇 𐤟 𐤏𐤋 𐤟 𐤂𐤁𐤋
wnḥt 𐤟 tbrḥ 𐤟 ʿl 𐤟 gbl
and peace shall depart from Byblos

No unicode proposal yet

Seemingly combining and extracting the best of Egyptian and Near East traditions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byblos_syllabary

known from ten inscriptions in Byblos, also 4 in Egypt, Italy, and Megiddo

right to left, inscribed on both sides

tablets by hammering chisels into bronze 225 ,459, 40, 17, 48 & 84 characters

Four fragments of stone steles: documents a, g, h, and j, with 116, 37, 7, and 13 characters respectively. The characters are carefully carved, with conspicuous interlinear baselines ("monumental style")

Posener (1969) concluded on the basis of palaeographical features of Hieratic that the terminus ante quem for the formation of the Byblos script could be set in the nineteenth century BC.

Dunand contributed two key notions which have served as the basis for a number of later analyses concerning the Byblos script. On the one hand, the fact that the script had been elaborated under the di- rect influence of Egyptian hieroglyphs and Hieratic signs; on the other hand, the fact that the system of the Byblos script could have been the source of Phoenician alphabetic signs (Dunand 1945, 130-131).

undeciphered, but some segments are likely:

⧄Y̵ᔪ̅+ 𐩡𐩡𐩡𐩡𐩡𐩡𐩡 bišnat 7 "In they year 7"
Supported also by
b ⧄ ≈ 𓊪 / 𓉔 beith …
š Y̵ ≈ 𐘞 SA Linear-A 𓉽
n ᔪ̅ ≈ 𝈿 𐩬 nun ነ ≈ 𓌳 new
t + ≈ ተ TA 𐨠 THA taw

Holmstedt, in Early Alphabet, argues that the same powers that invented the Byblos Syllabary also invented the "Byblian Alphabet" which spread to its trading outposts in Egypt:

After the Serabit el-Khadem texts were found, fragments of other texts in
similar script were found in Canaanite sites such as Lachish, Gezer, and
Shechem. Notably, some of these latter texts have been dated to the
eighteenth-sixteenth centuries B.C.E.

Some of the signs which were not incorporated into the Canaanite alphabet reappeared, however, in the much later Old South Arabic (Sabaean) and Ethiopic scripts!

“Proto-Sinaitic”

Clearly invented by an educated elite well versed in Hieratic. ("NOT by miners, makes no sense" Holmstedt)

After first Intermediate, when Levante gained new trading partners?

Hathor ⇔ 𓋏 Bat ⇔ Balat B‘LT
"The Semites writing these Alphabet texts (on a sphinx) appear to equate Hathor with their goddess, Ba‘alat." “the Lady of Byblos”

T 𐘀 + ⭡ 𐘄 𐘂 士 𐤎 ꔠ X 𐋄 ⨳ 𐠀 ⵋ 𐩡 ᖌ ᒋ 𐤓 𓇋 ᒉ ੧̍ ੧ ㇁̵ » ⴷ ⩕ ◹ 𓂝 󴟙 ᔪ ᔪ̅ ट さ S 𝈿 ᨓ 󲁾 𝖶 y Y̵ ⴤ̱ 𐀛 𓄱 𓄱̲ ⱹ 𓇑 𐨖 𐋆 ᖷ 𐙸 ౻ 𐤊 𑀲 ユ 2 𐋃 𜎋 󴇱 𑀩 ⧄ 𓉔 П ꕼ 𐙎 𑀪 𐊿 𐂸 󴋝 𜏃 ⴵ ⨺ ⨻ ▽̌ 󴨵 Ո Ո̍ Ո̵ 󲅬 Ո·Y 𐊫 O̅ 𔗓 𔐙 𐙿 𓍲 𐚌 𐚃 ᪲󴣇 𓍴 𐊾̊ 𐀵̊ 𔖡 𐀸 𓆓 𓅐 …

See byblos.tsv :
≈ NR # Compare Tentative Phonetics
T E15 18 ??? t?
𐘀 H7 1+5 ⟝ H6 𓂧 ⇔ 𐘇 A d

• G17 33 ⵜ 𐝁 𐘁 † 𓏶 mid 𒈦 maš/pár ro
  ⭡ B1 3+2 E12 𜒑 𓆭 𐠯 ti s / zi / tir ?
  𐘄 B3 22 ⇔ πt : t?
  𐘂 E17 2- ⵐ 𜎣 𒉺 PA 𐠞 pa 𐘂 PA 𐀞 pa 𓃀 pa
  士 B7 2 ^
  𐤎 B2 4 𓊽 xs/dj
  ꔠ E18 7+2+2+1 ⫦ ≠ ⫣ ʜ 𐋅 𓐖 𓊃 𝄩 𐋏 E₂ 𐘇 A HE HA
  X H1 10 𓏴 𐘧 𔕂𔘿𔕜𔗃𔕔𔕛𔕝 󴛰 󴝕 󴛱 󴛲 󴛳 Jʳ
  𐋄 F1 8 𐀋 𐀋 JE ϫ DJ 𒾯 JN 𜎵 𜎻 𜎺 Ϫ ϫ ʒ Janjan j dʒ NG / JN
  ⨳ H2 1+1 𜎦 𒆜 ⇔ I2 ⵌ 𔔁 K…
  ⵋ E16 2 ⵣ 𝙸 ⇔ Y̲
  𐠀 C1 1 CYPRIOT A 𐘥 KE k…
  ↿ E19 18 󲅈 󲅉 󲍔 󲍖 󲉟 󲌐 󲅆 󲅇 󲇉 󲀴 󲉵 󲆚 󲀲 󲋐 󲍽 󲀳 󲆠 󲆡 𓍈𓌙 ⥌ ⨡ g 1
  ᖌ H8 1 𐤂 ^^ hk?
  ᒋ H8' 1 𓋴 Ր ᥬ ⎧ ſ ⌠ 𐊩 B 𐊬 D₂ see G8 vs E19 s/b?
  𐤓 A16 15 𓁶 ≈ 𓂉 raš ≠ 𓁶 𓊪 top 𐤁 r
  𓇋 I4 1 see B8 ƒj
  ᒉ G8 36! see H8 vs E19 s/P?
  ੧̍ G16 2 ᒉ̍ wn?
  ੧ E20 3 wr?
  ㇁̵ I3 1 ㇁̷⺨㇁ ⇔ 𐤁 𐋆 ? ⇔ A14 𐚋•DO 𐙽•JO do?
  » H5 4 >> 𓐑 𐊾
  ⴷ G14 2 Tifinagh Yad d
  ⩕ G13 21! 𜒵 Ѧ Cyrillic yus ᗗ ⇔ ⨳ 𐋄 δ
  ◹ F3 7 𓊾 s't
  𓂝 A13 3 I10? a
  󴟙 H4 1 𓌻 󲀪 mr
  ᔪ E7 63! ᕍ la ᕊ ᔭ 𓌳 ל! ⇔ E6 l
  ᔪ̅ E6 29! ≈ l/m/n
  ट E8 47! ᔪ̅ ᔪ ਟ ਦ ƹ ﻉ ح ϩ ꜣ Ꜣ article ain/al/um
  さ E9 2 ⚳ ⚸ 𓌜 ᘭ ♁ 𐋆 ^^ ^ sic
  S G10 1 𐀸 󲏖 󲎨 󲎄 󲃓 󲆩 󲃔 󲋓 󲃖 󲊩 󲎋 󲃕 wr
  ⚡︎⚡︎ I1 2 𐊪 𒿝 𐋂 𐋄 ⵖ 𒾙𒾙 𔘣 ≠ 𓄱
  𝖶 A15 10 W 𔘣 ∑
  ᨓ C2 8 ΛΛΛ 𐦊 𓈖 (3 peaks) n
  ⌇ A20 2 𓈖 ⧚ (4 peaks) ξ n
  y B11 27! ƴ 𒿙 Y gy
  𝚈 E5 26! Y̲ B4 open ꔌ ߐ 🝁 fee o ᵍwav
  Y̵ E14 17 ұ ᵍy
  𓄱̲ G3 25! 𝚼 ϒ̲ ⥾̱ ⇔ 𓄱 B12 𔘣
  ⱹ B8 20! 𓇋 (hieratic form) see I4 ℷ נ 𓇑 n/g 20x ⇔ 𓇓 ≈ fj / gj
  𓇑 B9 5+6+1 B6 G2 1n
  Y̵ E14 17 ұ
  𐀛 B13 3 "󲂥 𐘝 NI 𜎜 nu νικύλεον nikuleon ≈ نَخْلَة naḵla ""date palm, fig""" ny
  𓄱 B12 6 𐁒 𐀭 SA ≠ 𐀋 𐀋 sheep/goat
  𐀴·u E1 9+1+3 G2' E2 t?
  𐤉 A14 8 ⇔ I3 ㇁̷ ≈ yõd
  ᖷ I5 1 ╕ 𐤄 ^^ ƒv
  _ E24 2 ⇔ 𐤂 𐤓 𓇋 ƒv
  ౻ G9 1 Ҹ ꖇ ሣ š
  𐤊 B5 15! 𝈲 Kappa k
  ユ A18 10 ⋍ I7 ⋍ G4 ⋍ A18 ⋍ G10 z
  ん G4 1 𝚕 ⩪ ⋍ z
  2 G10 21 𓄿 hieratic ar
  𐋃 G5 1+1 I9 st
  SS I12 1 𐘽 •WR 𜎌 o 𜎎 mo wr?
  𔔖 D1 15 ▟ 𒌷 𔔖 𓊋 󲁂 ◰ ᶜur
  𑀩 E4 4 𐊺 𓊪 ≈ hof/ph
  ⧄ D3 30 Ͷ̅ И̅ ≈ h
  𓉔 D2 24 (reflected) ⴽ H
  П D4 26 Π ⨅ PE PI 𓊪 𓉐 𜑶 𜑷 𜑲 Pʳ
  ꕼ D5 6 ┥ 𐊮 SH 𓌕𓐮 󲍐 󲉗 󲍾 󲁄 󲁅 󲁆 󲁇 󲄞 󲄟 󲇄 󲉐 󲎃 | 󲁄 󲁆 𐘱 JA 𐀊 ja 󲁄 󲁆 janah جناح 󲁅 󲁇 鬥 𓉿 ja
  𐙎 G6 28 "ƒ? Ⴞ Ƕ Ԣ ??? ћ tshe ⵄ ђ dje tshe: Ћ Saturn: ♄ ꖷ vai mu 𐎠 "
  𐊿 D8 4 UU 𐘮 WA 𐀷 wa 𓏼 𓏽 𓐃 𐎍 A m ⩋ lambda ᚃ fearn 𐘮 𐀷 𐂸 𔔒 ▥ wuᵗ
  𐂸 D6 4 ^^ 4u₄
  𔔒 D7 1 𓏠𓈖 5u₅
  𜏃 G7 18! 𜏄 𜏇 𜏼 𜏃 su₂ 𜏼𜒇𜏌𜏳 sunkir ≈ 𜏃𜒉𜏌 sunki •cungi king
  ⴵ E13 5 dj 𜑀 𜐾 𜐿 𜑁 𜑂 𜑃 𜐻 𜐼 𜐽 𜑀 •HE ⇔ 𜐾 ᵏHU 𜔁 𜐳 𜐲 𜐵 𜐶 Kappa ç/ð
  🜁 F6 2
  ⨻ H3 2 𜒶 🜂 ⌤
  𜐮 E10 16 𜐂 𜐆 𜐃 𜐄 𜐅
  󴨵 G15 6 󴨇 󴨘 ⇔ 𓍲 ᪲󴣇 𓎿 p/b/v/f
  Ո E23 11 𓎆 t…
  Ո̍ G1 18 𐀴 ti 𔗽 𐚊•WU t…
  Ո̵ E22 25 d/t…
  𔗽 E25 2 Ո·T ^^ 𐀴 ti d/t…
  Ո·Y B10 2 𔗼 ⇔ snake @ gobekli d/t…
  𐊫 A17 19 O Carian 𜑩𜑪 Søl ○ O
  O̅ E3 5 𔓞 𐠣 𓍶 om(g)
  𔖚 E11 15 𔗓 𔓜 𔖙 𓇹 om(p)
  𓁹 A12 7 𓂋 ᵐiʳ egyiⁿ
  𓍱 E21 1 š
  𓍲 E21' 5 󴣇 š
  󴣇̍ F5 25 š?
  𓇟 A21 10 𐚃 š?
  ᪲󴣇 D9 17 乂 š?
  𓍴 E26! 2 sank?
  𓍲·Λ G12 3 ̊·𐊾 𐊾̊ 𓐑 𐊾𑍦 𜒵 ⇔ 𓍵 𓇜 𓍶 ^
  𓍲·Λ·_ G11 1 ^
  𓍲̶ F4 1 𓎬 ^
  ̊·𐘄 F2 1 ≈ 𓋹 ^
  𐀸 A10 1 ⇔ G10 S
  𓆓 A19 20 𓆗 n/q
  𓅐 A3 8+8 𓄿 A4 ? vl / ar
  … A1… 1+1… 𓅱 𓅪 𓅬 𓅭 𓅓 𓅃 𓆤 󲂄 󲂃 ?
  MISSING: 𓆑

astonishingly many signs are part of GREEK INSTRUMENTAL NOTATION

𜒍 𜒎
⚺

𒾜
𓊪
𓏴
𓊾
𓌴 𓌳 𓌛 𓌜
𓊃 ≠ 𓐖
𓍲 𓍵 ≈ 𓃾 with horns
𓉔
𓁹
𓆗 𓆓
𓁶 𐤓 ⲣ rēš
𓏶
𓄿 𓅱 𓅐 𓅪 𓅬 𓅭 𓅓 𓅃 ?
𓆤 󲂄 󲂃
𓇓
𓇑

◸ ◹

𐘀 DA 𐀅 da Ͱ ⊦

0x1AB2 ᪲󴣇 COMBINING INFINITY
𐙪 𐋁

🜄 ▽ ▿
▽̌
𐀴
0x0306 774 COMBINING BREVE ̆
0x030C 780 COMBINING CARON ̌

0x030D 781 COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE ̍

0x0305 773 COMBINING OVERLINE ̅ x̅
0x0331 817 COMBINING MACRON BELOW ̱ underline
0x0332 818 COMBINING LOW LINE BELOW ̲ underline
0x0335 821 COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY ̵ strikethrough
0x0336 822 COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY 𓍲̶ strikethrough
0x030A 778 COMBINING RING ABOVE ̊

Y

𐀙 na

𔗕
𔔖 󲁂 𓊋

0x0335 821 COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY ̵ strikethrough
𔖢𔗖
𓄱 𐁒 𐘒 𓄰 𓍕

Also compare Byblos Syllabary with Linear-A / B / C
𐘄 TO B3 ⇔ 士 B7
𐘂 PA E17
𐘥 KE
𐀋 je
𐀋 je
𐀛 ni
𐝁𐘁 RO 𐀫 ro

ϫ
⧖ ⴵ 㐅̲̅ BERBER YAJ

𓎤 𓍱 𔗫 𐙿 ⴴ ɣ γ gʳ yag ڲ ݣ ڨ G₂ @ Berber
𓍳 𓍲 𐙪 𐋁 ɡ @ Berber šʳ < tṛ́ 𐙞 𓍶 #šn < turn
𓍵 𓍴 ocean
𓇟 𐚃 𓇜
𓍶

󲁆 ja 𓉿 door jamb
𒆜

Berber ⇔ Carian
ⴵ dj
ⴷ d ⇔
ⵌ j
ⵐ ny
ⵜ t
ⵣ z
ⵤ z
ⵥ ẓ

Carian
A 𐊠
B 𐊡 𐊷 𐋌 𐋍 β /ᵐb/
Ç 𐊸 ʘ Θ /ś/
δ 𐊢 < /ð/?
E 𐊤 𐋐 Ε 𐋈 /y/
ʷF "𐋌 𐋍 𐋌 𐊿 Ш " /w/
Gɣ 𐋄 𐋁 𐋀 /ᵑk/ ⇔ 𐚌 𐙪 𐋁 𓍲 Ɡ @ Berber ⇔ 𐙿 𓍱 ⴴ ɣ γ gʳ G₂ ⇔ 𐋄 dj ≈ γ ☑
H 𐋏 𐊺 /e/ Η, 𐌇 Hetha 𐊺 Hel
ll! 𐋎 𐊣 𐊦 𐋏 /lː/ld/? 𐋎 from Λ deLata
𐊑 𐋅 𐊑 /j/ Phrygian /j/, 𝈿 ⋍ 𐌔
𐊽 𐊼 𐊽 /k/ /kʰ/ 𐀑 ki
𐊣 𐋃 G5 I9 /l⋍ɾ/? Λ deLata 𐋂 /st/ 𐋃
M 𐊪 𝈋 /m/ µ 𐋌 𐋍 /ᵐb/ 𐌌
N 𐊵 𐊜 /n/ 𐀚 NE neptune ⇔ ψ psi Poseidon 9 𓊪 𓋴 𓆓 𐌍[16]
𐊳N! 𐊳 /n̩/ phon > ᵛn ñ
O 𐊫
𐊬 Λ 𐊬 Γ /β/? P
B 𐊷 /p/ 𐊷 Pike Berge 𔔆 Burg
Q ʘ 𐊨? q /kʷ/ Ϙ 𐀤 𐘿 QE 𐘾 ka 𐀏 KA 𑁣 керла
R 𐊥 𐘟 𐘳 𓏲 𐋉 𐋃 G5 I9 ! 𐘳 ≠ 𓍿
∑ 𐊰
σ 𓇳 𐊸 Θ
θ 𐊭 𐌓 G7
σδ 𐊯 𐤭 𐤧 𐌃
T 𐋇
U V 𐊲
V V 𐊲 B11
F 𐊿 D6 D7 D8 ⇔ W Ш
X 𐊴 𐊛
Y 𐊻
xz 𐋂 /st/ 𐋃
𐤉 𐋆 A18 / A14 F
󲄲 "𝈣 𐊹- ⊲- 𐊮- 𐤧- " 𓌔 𓌕𓐮 𒉼
𓐑 𐊾 /ND/ /ⁿd/ naut delta 𐱄 AT

Signs which might have inspired the reduced Byblos Syllabary:
𓆭 E12 B1
𓋴 H8' ≈ 𓍈𓌙 𐤂 H8
𓊪
𓏴
𓊾
𓌴 𓌳 𓌛 𓌜
𓊃 ≠ 𓐖
𓍲 𓍵 ≈ 𓃾 with horns
𓉔
𓂝
𓁹
𓆗 𓆓
𓁶 ⲣ
𓏶
𓊽 𐤎
𓇓
𓇑

Alphabet correspondences:
Origin Sign
𓃾 𐤀
𓉐 𐤁
𓍈𓌙 𐤂
𓉿 𐤃
𓀠𓇋 𐤄
𓆑 𐤅
𓍈 𐤂
𓉗 𐤇
𓂝 𐤉 𓂞
𓂧 𐤊
𓌳 𐤋
𓈖 𐤌 𓌳𓈗
𓆓 𐤍 𓌳𓈖
𓁹 𐤏
𓂋 𐤐
𓃻 𐤒
𓁶 𐤓
𓌓 𐤔
𓇇 𐤑 𓆷
𓏴 𐤕
𓄤 𐤈
𓅱 𓆑 𐤅
𓊽 𐤎
𓄑 𐤆