Penetration Testing

CRA-Aligned Penetration Testing

Overview

Penetration testing validates the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures implemented for CRA compliance.

Testing Methodology

OWASP IoT Testing Guide

• Firmware Analysis: Reverse engineering and vulnerability assessment
• Hardware Security: Physical security testing
• Communication Security: Protocol analysis and testing
• Authentication Testing: Access control validation
• Encryption Analysis: Cryptographic implementation review

Hardware-Specific Testing

• JTAG/SWD Analysis: Debug interface security
• Side-Channel Analysis: Power and electromagnetic analysis
• Fault Injection: Glitching and voltage manipulation
• Physical Tampering: Tamper resistance testing

CRA Testing Requirements

Essential Requirement Validation

• Secure by design verification
• Default security configuration testing
• Vulnerability management process validation
• Incident response capability testing

Documentation Requirements

• Test methodology documentation
• Findings and recommendations report
• Remediation validation testing
• Compliance evidence documentation

Testing Tools and Frameworks

Open Source Tools

• Firmware Analysis: Binwalk, EMBA, IoT Inspector
• Hardware Testing: ChipWhisperer, JTAGulator
• Network Testing: Nmap, Wireshark, Burp Suite
• Vulnerability Scanning: OpenVAS, Nessus

Commercial Solutions

• Automated Testing: IoT Inspector, Finite State
• Hardware Security: Riscure Inspector, NewAE
• Compliance Testing: Kiuwan, Veracode

---

For hardware security details, see Hardware Security. For risk assessment, visit Risk Assessment.