𓊮

𒉈 bar₅ne burn בעירה be'irah
𒉋 bir₉ne brenne

𓃀 𓂋 𓃀 𓂋 𓊮 | boil | boil doubling ⇔ burn/brenn

𓉔 𓅱 𓏏 𓊮 | be burnt | ⇔ heat
𓉔 𓅱 𓏏 𓊮 | be burnt | להבות lehavot لهب ⇔ 𓂋 𓎡 𓎛 𓅱 𓊮 | flames | •rekhaw™
𓉔 𓅱 𓏏 𓊮 | be burnt | ārdēre ≠ cremāre

𒆧𒆠𒄵𒊒 kis-ki-bir-ru √ burn
𒆧𒆠𒄵𒊒 kindling wood

судзын (suʒyn) цæфсун (cæfsun)

𒐊𒃲𒇻𒌑𒅆 i-ḳal-lu-u2.ši iqallûši
𒐊𒃲𒇻𒌑𒅆 burn (a woman) ⇔ έγκαυ călŏr “heat” ⇔ Ikarus

both

𒆠𒆷𒇷 𒋗𒉡 𒐊𒃲𒇻𒌑 𒋗𒉡𒋾
kalali sunu i'ḳallū sunt
all two shall be burned

𓁀 supine elite vs 𓀄 flexed burial, 𓊮 cremation absent in Egypt

𓏌 urn < vrn < fireⁿ brenn burn

Cremation became dominant in Europe during the Late Bronze Age, particularly with the Urnfield culture (⋍1300–800 BCE), which covered Central Europe, extending from Hungary to France and northern Italy. This transition replaced earlier single inhumation customs, such as those of the Corded Ware and Nordic Bronze Age cultures.

Urnfield expansions are associated with bronze age collapse ≈1200BC! Religious cultural shifts!

Cremation in Iran was never dominant due to early religious opposition, but some evidence of fire rituals in Elam, Andronovo and BMAC (marginal groups? which ones?)

Avesta (Yasna 49.11, Vendidad 8:73–96):
• Strongly forbids cremation, considering fire sacred.
• This prohibition reflects a religious reform by Zarathustra (⋍1200–1000 BCE), likely opposing an older cremation tradition.