Boot - jasper-zanjani/dotfiles GitHub Wiki

Bootloaders like GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader) or u-boot turns on power supplies and scans buses and interfaces to locate the kernel image and the root filesystem. LILO (LInux LOader) is also another bootloader that can be found on older Linux systems (LALOS)

Microcontrollers may be listening when the system is nominally off; they typically have their own BIOS and kernels and are inaccessible from the main system

Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) responds to wake-on-LAN (WOL)
Intel Management Engine (IME) x86_64 software suite for remote management of systems; firmware is based on Minix and runs on the Platform Controller Hub processor, not the main CPU
System Management Mode (SMM) launches UEFI software

initrd (Initial RAM disk) is a temporary file system that's loaded into memory when the system boots

Linux kernel is typically named vmlinux (or vmlinuz when compressed). Kernel ring buffer contains messages related to the Linux kernel. A ring buffer is a data structure that is always the same size; old messages are discarded as new ones come in, once the buffer is full. dmesg is used to see its contents, and the messages are also stored in /var/log/dmesg

GRUB rescue prompt

When GRUB2 is unable to find the GRUB folder or its contents are missing or corrupted, it displays the prompt

grub rescue>

This means it failed to load the normal module. ^{howtoforge.com}

From GRUB rescue prompt:

set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub
set root=(hd0,1)
insmod normal
normal

After booting the system, GRUB should be updated and reinstalled:

Update GRUB config file

update-grub

Reinstall GRUB

grub-install /dev/sdx

`grub-install`

Install GRUB as bootloader

grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdb

Install boot images within a directory other than /boot

grub-install --boot-directory

`grub-mkconfig`

Generate GRUB configuration

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

`grub2-mkconfig`

Send output of grub2-mkconfig to the correct location for booting

grub2-mkconfig --output=/boot/grub2/grub.cfg

`grub2-editenv`

Disable the Nouveau display driver while installing the proprietary Nvidia display driver on Fedora ^{linuxconfig.org}

grub2-editenv - set "$(grub2-editenv - list | grep kernelopts) nouveau.modeset=0"

`update-grub`

Update GRUB config file

update-grub

Distributions Alpine Arch CentOS Clear CoreOS Fedora GNOME KDE Kali Mac OS X WSL Yocto Archive ar bzcat bzip2 bzless bzmore compress cpio dar gunzip gzcat gzip tar uncompress unxz unzip xz zcat zip zipcloak zipcmp zipdetails zipgrep zipinfo zipnote zipsplit
Audio alsamixer amixer speaker-test

bash bg bind break builtin caller case/esac cd command compgen complete compopt continue declare dirs disown do/done echo enable eval exec exit export false fc fg for function getopts hash help history if/fi jobs kill let local logout mapfile popd printf pushd pwd read readarray readonly return select set shift shopt source suspend test time times trap true type typeset ulimit umask unalias unset until wait while

Build tools aclocal as autoconf autoheader automake autoreconf autoscan autoupdate bison cc ctags etags flex g++ gcc gcore gdb gprof ldd lex make xgettext yacc

Boot grub-install grub-mkconfig grub2-editenv update-grub • lilo Shell environment apropos env export history man nohup pwd sleep su sudo tee tmux unalias watch whatis where whereis which xargs File commands chattr chgrp chmod chown cksum cp curl dd dirname dos2unix exif fallocate file find getfacl install link ln locate ls lsattr lsof md5sum mkdir mktemp mv rename rm rmdir rsync scp setfacl setuid stat touch tree umask unlink updatedb whereis which Filters awk cat cmp comm csplit cut diff3 diff ed egrep ex expand fgrep fmt gettext grep groff head join less look more nl od paste pr sed shuf sort split tac tail tee tr unexpand uniq wc Hardware settings bluetoothctl insmod lsmod lspci lsusb modprobe rmmod Information ausearch bpftrace df du free glances hwclock loadaverage logger logrotate lsb_release man mpstat nproc ntpdate printenv rsyslogd sar sysbench syslogd time timedatectl tty uname uptime vmstat Init SystemD hostnamectl journalctl localectl loginctl systemctl systemd-delta timedatectl Sysvinit chkconfig init runlevel service telinit Upstart initctl Kernel dbus-monitor depmod dmesg dracut insmod journalctl ldconfig lsmod mkinitrd modinfo modprobe rmmod udevadm Mail biff mail mailmerge mailq mailx makemap msmtp newaliases newaliases postalias postfix postqueue qmail sendmail SMTP servers exim postfix qmail sendmail Network bmon brctl curl dig ethtool firewall-cmd host hping3 ifconfig iftop ifup-wireless ip iperf ipset iscsiadm iw iwconfig iwlist kinit klist mtr netcat netplan netstat nmap nmblookup nmcli nmtui nslookup ping rfkill route sftp ss ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan stty tcpdump tracepath tracepath6 traceroute tshark ufw wget whois xinetd Package managers add-apt-repository alien apt apt-cache apt-get apt-key brew dnf dpkg dpkg-reconfigure dselect galliumos-repodist gem pacman pip pydoc rpm snap yay yum yumdownloader zypper Process control at atq atrm bg fg jobs kill killall lsns nice nohup pgrep pidof pkill ps pstree renice strace top unshare Remote administration curl ftp rsync ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan stty telnet vncpasswd vncviewer sshfs [SELinux][SELinux] chcon getenforce getsebool restorecon semanage sestatus setenforce setsebool System administration adduser chage chgrp chmod date edquota gpasswd groupadd groupdel groupmod groups last lastb passwd quota quotacheck quotaoff quotaon repquota su sudo sudoedit timedatectl tzconfig tzselect ulimit useradd userdel usermod visudo w wall who whoami Utilities git tig X windows system cvt x xdpyinfo xfs xhost xlsclients xmodmap xorg xrandr xset xwininfo

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