OperatorsAA - gama-platform/gama GitHub Wiki
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Operators in the GAML language are used to compose complex expressions. An operator performs a function on one, two, or n operands (which are other expressions and thus may be themselves composed of operators) and returns the result of this function.
Most of them use a classical prefixed functional syntax (i.e. operator_name(operand1, operand2, operand3)
, see below), with the exception of arithmetic (e.g. +
, /
), logical (and
, or
), comparison (e.g. >
, <
), access (.
, [..]
) and pair (::
) operators, which require an infixed notation (i.e. operand1 operator_symbol operand1
).
The ternary functional if-else operator, ? :
, uses a special infixed syntax composed with two symbols (e.g. operand1 ? operand2 : operand3
). Two unary operators (-
and !
) use a traditional prefixed syntax that does not require parentheses unless the operand is itself a complex expression (e.g. - 10
, ! (operand1 or operand2)
).
Finally, special constructor operators ({...}
for constructing points, [...]
for constructing lists and maps) will require their operands to be placed between their two symbols (e.g. {1,2,3}
, [operand1, operand2, ..., operandn]
or [key1::value1, key2::value2... keyn::valuen]
).
With the exception of these special cases above, the following rules apply to the syntax of operators:
- if they only have one operand, the functional prefixed syntax is mandatory (e.g.
operator_name(operand1)
) - if they have two arguments, either the functional prefixed syntax (e.g.
operator_name(operand1, operand2)
) or the infixed syntax (e.g.operand1 operator_name operand2
) can be used. - if they have more than two arguments, either the functional prefixed syntax (e.g.
operator_name(operand1, operand2, ..., operand)
) or a special infixed syntax with the first operand on the left-hand side of the operator name (e.g.operand1 operator_name(operand2, ..., operand)
) can be used.
All of these alternative syntaxes are completely equivalent.
Operators in GAML are purely functional, i.e. they are guaranteed to not have any side effects on their operands. For instance, the shuffle
operator, which randomizes the positions of elements in a list, does not modify its list operand but returns a new shuffled list.
The priority of operators determines, in the case of complex expressions composed of several operators, which one(s) will be evaluated first.
GAML follows in general the traditional priorities attributed to arithmetic, boolean, comparison operators, with some twists. Namely:
- the constructor operators, like
::
, used to compose pairs of operands, have the lowest priority of all operators (e.g.a > b :: b > c
will return a pair of boolean values, which means that the two comparisons are evaluated before the operator applies. Similarly,[a > 10, b > 5]
will return a list of boolean values. - it is followed by the
?:
operator, the functional if-else (e.g.a > b ? a + 10 : a - 10
will return the result of the if-else). - next are the logical operators,
and
andor
(e.g.a > b or b > c
will return the value of the test) - next are the comparison operators (i.e.
>
,<
,<=
,>=
,=
,!=
) - next the arithmetic operators in their logical order (multiplicative operators have a higher priority than additive operators)
- next the unary operators
-
and!
- next the access operators
.
and[]
(e.g.{1,2,3}.x > 20 + {4,5,6}.y
will return the result of the comparison between the x and y ordinates of the two points) - and finally the functional operators, which have the highest priority of all.
Actions defined in species can be used as operators, provided they are called on the correct agent. The syntax is that of normal functional operators, but the agent that will perform the action must be added as the first operand.
For instance, if the following species is defined:
species spec1 {
int min(int x, int y) {
return x > y ? x : y;
}
}
Any agent instance of spec1 can use min
as an operator (if the action conflicts with an existing operator, a warning will be emitted). For instance, in the same model, the following line is perfectly acceptable:
global {
init {
create spec1;
spec1 my_agent <- spec1[0];
int the_min <- my_agent min(10,20); // or min(my_agent, 10, 20);
}
}
If the action doesn't have any operands, the syntax to use is my_agent the_action()
. Finally, if it does not return a value, it might still be used but is considering as returning a value of type unknown
(e.g. unknown result <- my_agent the_action(op1, op2);
).
Note that due to the fact that actions are written by modelers, the general functional contract is not respected in that case: actions might perfectly have side effects on their operands (including the agent).
box, cone3D, cube, cylinder, hexagon, pyramid, set_z, sphere, teapot,
-, /, ^, *, +, abs, acos, asin, atan, atan2, ceil, cos, cos_rad, div, even, exp, fact, floor, hypot, is_finite, is_number, ln, log, mod, round, signum, sin, sin_rad, sqrt, tan, tan_rad, tanh, with_precision,
add_values, and, eval_when, get_agent, get_belief_op, get_belief_with_name_op, get_beliefs_op, get_beliefs_with_name_op, get_current_intention_op, get_desire_op, get_desire_with_name_op, get_desires_op, get_desires_with_name_op, get_ideal_op, get_ideal_with_name_op, get_ideals_op, get_ideals_with_name_op, get_intention_op, get_intention_with_name_op, get_intentions_op, get_intentions_with_name_op, get_obligation_op, get_obligation_with_name_op, get_obligations_op, get_obligations_with_name_op, get_plan_name, get_uncertainties_op, get_uncertainties_with_name_op, get_uncertainty_op, get_uncertainty_with_name_op, has_belief_op, has_belief_with_name_op, has_desire_op, has_desire_with_name_op, has_ideal_op, has_ideal_with_name_op, has_intention_op, has_intention_with_name_op, has_obligation_op, has_obligation_with_name_op, has_uncertainty_op, has_uncertainty_with_name_op, new_emotion, new_mental_state, new_predicate, new_social_link, not, or, set_lifetime, set_modality, set_predicate, set_strength, with_about, with_agent, with_agent_cause, with_decay, with_dominance, with_familiarity, with_intensity, with_liking, with_solidarity, with_trust, with_truth, with_values,
as, as_int, as_matrix, deserialize, field_with, font, from_gaml, from_json, is, is_skill, list_with, matrix_with, serialize, species_of, to_gaml, to_geojson, to_json, to_list, with_size, with_style,
-, /, *, +, blend, brewer_colors, brewer_palettes, gradient, grayscale, hsb, mean, median, palette, rgb, rnd_color, scale, sum, to_hsb,
-, ::, +, accumulate, all_match, among, at, cartesian_product, collect, contains, contains_all, contains_any, contains_key, count, empty, every, first, first_with, get, group_by, in, index_by, inter, interleave, internal_integrated_value, last, last_with, length, max, max_of, mean, mean_of, median, min, min_of, mul, none_matches, one_matches, one_of, product_of, range, remove_duplicates, reverse, shuffle, sort_by, split, split_in, split_using, sum, sum_of, union, variance_of, where, with_max_of, with_min_of,
-, !=, +, <, <=, =, >, >=, after, before, between, every, milliseconds_between, minus_days, minus_hours, minus_minutes, minus_months, minus_ms, minus_weeks, minus_years, months_between, plus_days, plus_hours, plus_minutes, plus_months, plus_ms, plus_weeks, plus_years, since, to, until, years_between,
agent_file, copy_file, crs, csv_file, delete_file, dxf_file, evaluate_sub_model, file_exists, flush_all_files, folder, folder_exists, gaml_file, geojson_file, get, gif_file, gml_file, graph6_file, graphdimacs_file, graphdot_file, graphgexf_file, graphgml_file, graphml_file, graphtsplib_file, grid_file, image_file, is_agent, is_csv, is_dxf, is_gaml, is_geojson, is_gif, is_gml, is_graph6, is_graphdimacs, is_graphdot, is_graphgexf, is_graphgml, is_graphml, is_graphtsplib, is_grid, is_image, is_json, is_obj, is_osm, is_pgm, is_property, is_shape, is_simulation, is_svg, is_text, is_threeds, is_xml, json_file, new_folder, obj_file, osm_file, pgm_file, property_file, read, rename_file, shape_file, simulation_file, step_sub_model, svg_file, text_file, threeds_file, unzip, writable, xml_file, zip,
add_edge, add_node, adjacency, agent_from_geometry, all_pairs_shortest_path, alpha_index, as_distance_graph, as_edge_graph, as_intersection_graph, as_path, as_spatial_graph, beta_index, betweenness_centrality, biggest_cliques_of, connected_components_of, connectivity_index, contains_edge, contains_vertex, degree_of, directed, edge, edge_between, edge_betweenness, edges, gamma_index, generate_barabasi_albert, generate_complete_graph, generate_random_graph, generate_watts_strogatz, girvan_newman_clustering, grid_cells_to_graph, in_degree_of, in_edges_of, k_spanning_tree_clustering, label_propagation_clustering, layout_circle, layout_force, layout_force_FR, layout_force_FR_indexed, layout_grid, load_shortest_paths, main_connected_component, max_flow_between, maximal_cliques_of, nb_cycles, neighbors_of, node, nodes, out_degree_of, out_edges_of, path_between, paths_between, predecessors_of, remove_node_from, rewire_n, source_of, spatial_graph, strahler, successors_of, sum, target_of, undirected, use_cache, weight_of, with_k_shortest_path_algorithm, with_shortest_path_algorithm, with_weights,
as_4_grid, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, cell_at, cells_in, cells_overlapping, field, grid_at, neighbors_of, path_between, points_in, values_in,
*, antialiased, blend, blurred, brighter, clipped_with, darker, grayscale, horizontal_flip, image, matrix, rotated_by, sharpened, snapshot, tinted_with, vertical_flip, with_height, with_size, with_width,
accumulate, all_match, as_map, collect, count, create_map, first_with, frequency_of, group_by, index_by, last_with, max_of, mean_of, min_of, none_matches, one_matches, product_of, sort_by, sum_of, variance_of, where, where, where, with_max_of, with_min_of,
all_indexes_of, copy_between, index_of, last_index_of,
:, !, ?, add_3Dmodel, add_geometry, add_icon, and, or, xor,
fuzzy_kappa, fuzzy_kappa_sim, kappa, kappa_sim, percent_absolute_deviation,
as_map, create_map, index_of, last_index_of,
-, /, ., *, +, append_horizontally, append_vertically, column_at, columns_list, determinant, eigenvalues, flatten, index_of, inverse, last_index_of, row_at, rows_list, shuffle, trace, transpose,
electre_DM, evidence_theory_DM, fuzzy_choquet_DM, promethee_DM, weighted_means_DM,
agent_from_geometry, all_pairs_shortest_path, as_path, load_shortest_paths, max_flow_between, path_between, path_to, paths_between, use_cache,
-, /, *, +, <, <=, >, >=, add_point, angle_between, any_location_in, centroid, closest_points_with, farthest_point_to, grid_at, norm, points_along, points_at, points_on,
binomial, exp_density, exp_rnd, flip, gamma_density, gamma_rnd, gamma_trunc_rnd, gauss, generate_terrain, lognormal_density, lognormal_rnd, lognormal_trunc_rnd, poisson, rnd, rnd_choice, sample, shuffle, skew_gauss, truncated_gauss, weibull_density, weibull_rnd, weibull_trunc_rnd,
arc, box, circle, cone, cone3D, cross, cube, curve, cylinder, ellipse, elliptical_arc, envelope, geometry_collection, hexagon, line, link, plan, polygon, polyhedron, pyramid, rectangle, sphere, square, squircle, teapot, triangle,
-, *, +, add_point, agent_closest_to, agent_farthest_to, agents_at_distance, agents_covering, agents_crossing, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, agents_partially_overlapping, agents_touching, angle_between, any_location_in, arc, around, as_4_grid, as_driving_graph, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, at_distance, at_location, box, centroid, circle, clean, clean_network, closest_points_with, closest_to, cone, cone3D, convex_hull, covering, covers, cross, crosses, crossing, crs, CRS_transform, cube, curve, cylinder, direction_between, disjoint_from, distance_between, distance_to, ellipse, elliptical_arc, envelope, farthest_point_to, farthest_to, geometry_collection, gini, hexagon, hierarchical_clustering, IDW, inside, inter, intersects, inverse_rotation, k_nearest_neighbors, line, link, masked_by, moran, neighbors_at, neighbors_of, normalized_rotation, overlapping, overlaps, partially_overlapping, partially_overlaps, path_between, path_to, plan, points_along, points_at, points_on, polygon, polyhedron, pyramid, rectangle, rotated_by, rotation_composition, round, scaled_to, set_z, simple_clustering_by_distance, simplification, skeletonize, smooth, sphere, split_at, split_geometry, split_lines, square, squircle, teapot, to_GAMA_CRS, to_rectangles, to_segments, to_squares, to_sub_geometries, touches, touching, towards, transformed_by, translated_by, triangle, triangulate, union, using, voronoi, with_precision, without_holes,
covers, crosses, intersects, partially_overlaps, touches,
agent_closest_to, agent_farthest_to, agents_at_distance, agents_covering, agents_crossing, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, agents_partially_overlapping, agents_touching, at_distance, closest_to, covering, crossing, farthest_to, inside, neighbors_at, neighbors_of, overlapping, partially_overlapping, touching,
direction_between, distance_between, distance_to, path_between, path_to, towards,
hierarchical_clustering, k_nearest_neighbors, simple_clustering_by_distance,
-, *, +, as_4_grid, as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid, at_location, clean, clean_network, convex_hull, CRS_transform, inverse_rotation, normalized_rotation, rotated_by, rotation_composition, scaled_to, simplification, skeletonize, smooth, split_geometry, split_lines, to_GAMA_CRS, to_rectangles, to_segments, to_squares, to_sub_geometries, transformed_by, translated_by, triangulate, voronoi, with_precision, without_holes,
index_of, last_index_of, of_generic_species, of_species,
auto_correlation, beta, binomial_coeff, binomial_complemented, binomial_sum, build, chi_square, chi_square_complemented, correlation, covariance, dbscan, distribution_of, distribution2d_of, dtw, durbin_watson, frequency_of, gamma, gamma_distribution, gamma_distribution_complemented, geometric_mean, gini, harmonic_mean, hierarchical_clustering, incomplete_beta, incomplete_gamma, incomplete_gamma_complement, k_nearest_neighbors, kmeans, kurtosis, log_gamma, max, mean, mean_deviation, median, min, moment, moran, morrisAnalysis, mul, normal_area, normal_density, normal_inverse, predict, pValue_for_fStat, pValue_for_tStat, quantile, quantile_inverse, rank_interpolated, residuals, rms, rSquare, simple_clustering_by_distance, skewness, sobolAnalysis, split, split_in, split_using, standard_deviation, student_area, student_t_inverse, sum, t_test, variance,
+, <, <=, >, >=, at, capitalize, char, compress, contains, contains_all, contains_any, copy_between, date, empty, first, in, indented_by, index_of, is_number, last, last_index_of, length, lower_case, regex_matches, replace, replace_regex, reverse, sample, shuffle, split_with, string, uncompress, upper_case,
., choose, command, copy, copy_from_clipboard, copy_to_clipboard, copy_to_clipboard, dead, enter, every, from_gaml, is_error, is_reachable, is_warning, play_sound, user_confirm, user_input_dialog, wizard, wizard_page,
action, agent, BDIPlan, bool, container, conversation, directory, emotion, file, float, gaml_type, geometry, graph, int, kml, list, map, matrix, mental_state, message, Norm, pair, path, point, predicate, regression, rgb, Sanction, skill, social_link, species, topology, unknown,
choose, enter, user_confirm, user_input_dialog, wizard, wizard_page,
-
-
(float
) --->float
-
-
(point
) --->point
-
-
(int
) --->int
-
matrix<unknown>
-
float
--->matrix
-
-
(matrix<unknown>
,float
) --->matrix
-
geometry
-
geometry
--->geometry
-
-
(geometry
,geometry
) --->geometry
-
container
-
container
--->list
-
-
(container
,container
) --->list
-
rgb
-
rgb
--->rgb
-
-
(rgb
,rgb
) --->rgb
-
date
-
date
--->float
-
-
(date
,date
) --->float
-
rgb
-
int
--->rgb
-
-
(rgb
,int
) --->rgb
-
map
-
map
--->map
-
-
(map
,map
) --->map
-
float
-
int
--->float
-
-
(float
,int
) --->float
-
species
-
agent
--->list
-
-
(species
,agent
) --->list
-
int
-
matrix
--->matrix
-
-
(int
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
int
-
float
--->float
-
-
(int
,float
) --->float
-
list
-
unknown
--->list
-
-
(list
,unknown
) --->list
-
point
-
point
--->point
-
-
(point
,point
) --->point
-
date
-
int
--->date
-
-
(date
,int
) --->date
-
point
-
float
--->point
-
-
(point
,float
) --->point
-
field
-
int
--->field
-
-
(field
,int
) --->field
-
geometry
-
container<unknown,geometry>
--->geometry
-
-
(geometry
,container<unknown,geometry>
) --->geometry
-
geometry
-
float
--->geometry
-
-
(geometry
,float
) --->geometry
-
field
-
float
--->field
-
-
(field
,float
) --->field
-
float
-
float
--->float
-
-
(float
,float
) --->float
-
field
-
matrix
--->field
-
-
(field
,matrix
) --->field
-
int
-
int
--->int
-
-
(int
,int
) --->int
-
float
-
matrix
--->matrix
-
-
(float
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
matrix<unknown>
-
int
--->matrix
-
-
(matrix<unknown>
,int
) --->matrix
-
map
-
pair
--->map
-
-
(map
,pair
) --->map
-
matrix<unknown>
-
matrix
--->matrix
-
-
(matrix<unknown>
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
point
-
int
--->point
-
-
(point
,int
) --->point
-
date
-
float
--->date
-
-
(date
,float
) --->date
If it is used as an unary operator, it returns the opposite of the operand. Returns the difference of the two operands.
The behavior of the operator depends on the type of the operands.
- if both operands are containers and the right operand is empty, - returns the left operand
- if the left operand is a species and the right operand is an agent of the species, - returns a list containing all the agents of the species minus this agent
- if both operands are a point, a geometry or an agent, returns the geometry resulting from the difference between both geometries
geometry var0 <- geom1 - geom2; // var0 equals a geometry corresponding to difference between geom1 and geom2
- if both operands are containers, returns a new list in which all the elements of the right operand have been removed from the left one
list<int> var1 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] - [2,4,9]; // var1 equals [1,3,5,6]
list<int> var2 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] - [0,8]; // var2 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6]
- if both operands are colors, returns a new color resulting from the subtraction of the two operands, component by component
rgb var3 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) - rgb('red'); // var3 equals rgb([0,128,32])
- if both operands are dates, returns the duration in seconds between date2 and date1. To obtain a more precise duration, in milliseconds, use milliseconds_between(date1, date2)
float var4 <- date('2000-01-02') - date('2000-01-01'); // var4 equals 86400
- if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the subtraction of each component of the color with the right operand
rgb var5 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) - 3; // var5 equals rgb([252,125,29])
- if one operand is a matrix and the other a number (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic difference of the number with each element of the matrix (results are float if the number is a float.
matrix var6 <- 3.5 - matrix([[2,5],[3,4]]); // var6 equals matrix([[1.5,-1.5],[0.5,-0.5]])
- if the left operand is a list and the right operand is an object of any type (except list), - returns a list containing the elements of the left operand minus the first occurence of this object
list<int> var7 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,2] - 2; // var7 equals [1,3,4,5,6,2]
list<int> var8 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] - 0; // var8 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6]
- if both operands are points, returns their difference (coordinates per coordinates).
point var9 <- {1, 2} - {4, 5}; // var9 equals {-3.0, -3.0}
- if one of the operands is a date and the other a number, returns a date corresponding to the date minus the given number as duration (in seconds)
date var10 <- date('2000-01-01') - 86400; // var10 equals date('1999-12-31')
- if left-hand operand is a point and the right-hand a number, returns a new point with each coordinate as the difference of the operand coordinate with this number.
point var11 <- {1, 2} - 4.5; // var11 equals {-3.5, -2.5, -4.5}
point var12 <- {1, 2} - 4; // var12 equals {-3.0,-2.0,-4.0}
- if the right-operand is a list of points, geometries or agents, returns the geometry resulting from the difference between the left-geometry and all of the right-geometries
geometry var13 <- rectangle(10,10) - [circle(2), square(2)]; // var13 equals rectangle(10,10) - (circle(2) + square(2))
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a float, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) reduced by the right-hand operand distance
geometry var14 <- shape - 5; // var14 equals a geometry corresponding to the geometry of the agent applying the operator reduced by a distance of 5
- if both operands are numbers, performs a normal arithmetic difference and returns a float if one of them is a float.
int var15 <- 1 - 1; // var15 equals 0
point var16 <- -{3.0,5.0}; // var16 equals {-3.0,-5.0}
point var17 <- -{1.0,6.0,7.0}; // var17 equals {-1.0,-6.0,-7.0}
map var18 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ['b'::2]; // var18 equals ['a'::1]
map var19 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ['b'::2,'c'::3]; // var19 equals ['a'::1]
float var20 <- 1.0 - 1; // var20 equals 0.0
float var21 <- 3.7 - 1; // var21 equals 2.7
float var22 <- 3.0 - 1; // var22 equals 2.0
float var23 <- 1 - 1.0; // var23 equals 0.0
float var24 <- 3 - 1.2; // var24 equals 1.8
int var25 <- - (-56); // var25 equals 56
float var26 <- 1.0 - 1.0; // var26 equals 0.0
float var27 <- 3.7 - 1.2; // var27 equals 2.5
float var28 <- 3.0 - 1.2; // var28 equals 1.8
matrix var29 <- (10.0 - (3.0 as_matrix({2,3}))); // var29 equals matrix([[7.0,7.0,7.0],[7.0,7.0,7.0]])
map var30 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ('b'::2); // var30 equals ['a'::1]
map var31 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] - ('c'::3); // var31 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2]
point var32 <- {2.0,3.0,4.0} - 1; // var32 equals {1.0,2.0,3.0}
date var33 <- date('2000-01-01') - 86400; // var33 equals date('1999-12-31')
See also: +, milliseconds_between, -, *, /, inter,
-
unknown
:
unknown
--->unknown
-
:
(unknown
,unknown
) --->unknown
It is used in combination with the ? operator. If the left-hand of ? operand evaluates to true, returns the value of the left-hand operand of the :, otherwise that of the right-hand operand of the :
list<string> var0 <- [10, 19, 43, 12, 7, 22] collect ((each > 20) ? 'above' : 'below'); // var0 equals ['below', 'below', 'above', 'below', 'below', 'above']
See also: ?,
-
any expression
::
any expression
--->pair
-
::
(any expression
,any expression
) --->pair
produces a new pair combining the left and the right operands
- nil is not acceptable as a key (although it is as a value). If such a case happens, :: will throw an appropriate error
-
!
(bool
) --->bool
opposite boolean value.
- if the parameter is not boolean, it is casted to a boolean value.
bool var0 <- ! (true); // var0 equals false
-
float
!=
int
--->bool
-
!=
(float
,int
) --->bool
-
date
!=
date
--->bool
-
!=
(date
,date
) --->bool
-
int
!=
float
--->bool
-
!=
(int
,float
) --->bool
-
unknown
!=
unknown
--->bool
-
!=
(unknown
,unknown
) --->bool
-
float
!=
float
--->bool
-
!=
(float
,float
) --->bool
true if both operands are different, false otherwise
bool var0 <- 3.0 != 3; // var0 equals false
bool var1 <- 4.7 != 4; // var1 equals true
bool var2 <- #now != #now minus_hours 1; // var2 equals true
bool var3 <- 3 != 3.0; // var3 equals false
bool var4 <- 4 != 4.7; // var4 equals true
bool var5 <- [2,3] != [2,3]; // var5 equals false
bool var6 <- [2,4] != [2,3]; // var6 equals true
bool var7 <- 3.0 != 3.0; // var7 equals false
bool var8 <- 4.0 != 4.7; // var8 equals true
-
bool
?
any expression
--->unknown
-
?
(bool
,any expression
) --->unknown
It is used in combination with the : operator: if the left-hand operand evaluates to true, returns the value of the left-hand operand of the :, otherwise that of the right-hand operand of the :
These functional tests can be combined together.
list<string> var0 <- [10, 19, 43, 12, 7, 22] collect ((each > 20) ? 'above' : 'below'); // var0 equals ['below', 'below', 'above', 'below', 'below', 'above']
rgb col <- (flip(0.3) ? #red : (flip(0.9) ? #blue : #green));
See also: :,
-
matrix<unknown>
/
matrix
--->matrix
-
/
(matrix<unknown>
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
float
/
float
--->float
-
/
(float
,float
) --->float
-
point
/
float
--->point
-
/
(point
,float
) --->point
-
field
/
int
--->field
-
/
(field
,int
) --->field
-
int
/
float
--->float
-
/
(int
,float
) --->float
-
rgb
/
int
--->rgb
-
/
(rgb
,int
) --->rgb
-
point
/
int
--->point
-
/
(point
,int
) --->point
-
matrix<unknown>
/
float
--->matrix
-
/
(matrix<unknown>
,float
) --->matrix
-
int
/
int
--->float
-
/
(int
,int
) --->float
-
rgb
/
float
--->rgb
-
/
(rgb
,float
) --->rgb
-
field
/
float
--->field
-
/
(field
,float
) --->field
-
matrix<unknown>
/
int
--->matrix
-
/
(matrix<unknown>
,int
) --->matrix
-
float
/
int
--->float
-
/
(float
,int
) --->float
Returns the division of the two operands.
- if the right-hand operand is equal to zero, raises a "Division by zero" exception
- if the left operand is a point, returns a new point with coordinates divided by the right operand
point var0 <- {5, 7.5} / 2.5; // var0 equals {2, 3}
point var1 <- {2,5} / 4; // var1 equals {0.5,1.25}
- if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the division of each component of the color by the right operand
rgb var2 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) / 2; // var2 equals rgb([127,64,16])
- if both operands are numbers (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic division and returns a float.
float var3 <- 3 / 5.0; // var3 equals 0.6
- if one operand is a color and the other a double, returns a new color resulting from the division of each component of the color by the right operand. The result on each component is then truncated.
rgb var4 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) / 2.5; // var4 equals rgb([102,51,13])
-
agent
.
any expression
--->unknown
-
.
(agent
,any expression
) --->unknown
It has two different uses: it can be the dot product between 2 matrices or return an evaluation of the expression (right-hand operand) in the scope the given agent.
- if the agent is nil or dead, throws an exception
- if the left operand is an agent, it evaluates of the expression (right-hand operand) in the scope the given agent
unknown var0 <- agent1.location; // var0 equals the location of the agent agent1
-
matrix
.
matrix
--->matrix
-
.
(matrix
,matrix
) --->matrix
- if both operands are matrix, returns the dot product of them
matrix var0 <- matrix([[1,1],[1,2]]) . matrix([[1,1],[1,2]]); // var0 equals matrix([[2,3],[3,5]])
-
int
^
float
--->float
-
^
(int
,float
) --->float
-
float
^
float
--->float
-
^
(float
,float
) --->float
-
int
^
int
--->float
-
^
(int
,int
) --->float
-
float
^
int
--->float
-
^
(float
,int
) --->float
Returns the value (always a float) of the left operand raised to the power of the right operand.
- if the right-hand operand is equal to 0, returns 1
- if it is equal to 1, returns the left-hand operand.
- Various examples of power
float var1 <- 2 ^ 3; // var1 equals 8.0
float var0 <- 4.84 ^ 0.5; // var0 equals 2.2
Same signification as at
-
rgb
*
float
--->rgb
-
*
(rgb
,float
) --->rgb
-
float
*
float
--->float
-
*
(float
,float
) --->float
-
int
*
matrix
--->matrix
-
*
(int
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
matrix<unknown>
*
float
--->matrix
-
*
(matrix<unknown>
,float
) --->matrix
-
geometry
*
float
--->geometry
-
*
(geometry
,float
) --->geometry
-
geometry
*
point
--->geometry
-
*
(geometry
,point
) --->geometry
-
int
*
float
--->float
-
*
(int
,float
) --->float
-
matrix<unknown>
*
int
--->matrix
-
*
(matrix<unknown>
,int
) --->matrix
-
int
*
int
--->int
-
*
(int
,int
) --->int
-
point
*
int
--->point
-
*
(point
,int
) --->point
-
point
*
point
--->float
-
*
(point
,point
) --->float
-
field
*
int
--->field
-
*
(field
,int
) --->field
-
point
*
float
--->point
-
*
(point
,float
) --->point
-
rgb
*
int
--->rgb
-
*
(rgb
,int
) --->rgb
-
matrix<unknown>
*
matrix
--->matrix
-
*
(matrix<unknown>
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
field
*
float
--->field
-
*
(field
,float
) --->field
-
float
*
matrix
--->matrix
-
*
(float
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
float
*
int
--->float
-
*
(float
,int
) --->float
Returns the product of the two operands.
- if one operand is a color and the other a float, returns a new color resulting from the product of each component of the color with the right operand (with a maximum value at 255)
rgb var0 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) * 2.0; // var0 equals rgb([255,255,64])
- if one operand is a matrix and the other a number (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic product of the number with each element of the matrix (results are float if the number is a float.
matrix var1 <- 2 * matrix([[2,5],[3,4]]); // var1 equals matrix([[4,10],[6,8]])
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a float, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) scaled by the right-hand operand coefficient
geometry var2 <- circle(10) * 2; // var2 equals circle(20)
geometry var3 <- (circle(10) * 2).location with_precision 9; // var3 equals (circle(20)).location with_precision 9
float var4 <- (circle(10) * 2).height with_precision 9; // var4 equals (circle(20)).height with_precision 9
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a point, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) scaled by the right-hand operand coefficients in the 3 dimensions
geometry var5 <- shape * {0.5,0.5,2}; // var5 equals a geometry corresponding to the geometry of the agent applying the operator scaled by a coefficient of 0.5 in x, 0.5 in y and 2 in z
- if both operands are numbers (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic product and returns a float if one of them is a float.
int var6 <- 1 * 1; // var6 equals 1
- if the left-hand operator is a point and the right-hand a number, returns a point with coordinates multiplied by the number
point var7 <- {2,5} * 4; // var7 equals {8.0, 20.0}
point var8 <- {2, 4} * 2.5; // var8 equals {5.0, 10.0}
- if both operands are points, returns their scalar product
float var9 <- {2,5} * {4.5, 5}; // var9 equals 34.0
- if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the product of each component of the color with the right operand (with a maximum value at 255)
rgb var10 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) * 2; // var10 equals rgb([255,255,64])
float var11 <- 2.5 * 2; // var11 equals 5.0
-
image
*
float
--->image
-
*
(image
,float
) --->image
Applies a proportional scaling ratio to the image passed in parameter and returns a new scaled image. A ratio of 0 will return nil, a ratio of 1 will return the original image. Automatic scaling and resizing methods are used. The original image is left untouched
-
int
+
matrix
--->matrix
-
+
(int
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
int
+
float
--->float
-
+
(int
,float
) --->float
-
rgb
+
rgb
--->rgb
-
+
(rgb
,rgb
) --->rgb
-
int
+
int
--->int
-
+
(int
,int
) --->int
-
date
+
int
--->date
-
+
(date
,int
) --->date
-
matrix<unknown>
+
int
--->matrix
-
+
(matrix<unknown>
,int
) --->matrix
-
field
+
matrix
--->field
-
+
(field
,matrix
) --->field
-
float
+
int
--->float
-
+
(float
,int
) --->float
-
matrix<unknown>
+
matrix
--->matrix
-
+
(matrix<unknown>
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
field
+
float
--->field
-
+
(field
,float
) --->field
-
geometry
+
float
--->geometry
-
+
(geometry
,float
) --->geometry
-
float
+
matrix
--->matrix
-
+
(float
,matrix
) --->matrix
-
field
+
int
--->field
-
+
(field
,int
) --->field
-
container
+
unknown
--->list
-
+
(container
,unknown
) --->list
-
matrix<unknown>
+
float
--->matrix
-
+
(matrix<unknown>
,float
) --->matrix
-
rgb
+
int
--->rgb
-
+
(rgb
,int
) --->rgb
-
date
+
string
--->string
-
+
(date
,string
) --->string
-
string
+
string
--->string
-
+
(string
,string
) --->string
-
geometry
+
geometry
--->geometry
-
+
(geometry
,geometry
) --->geometry
-
container
+
container
--->container
-
+
(container
,container
) --->container
-
date
+
float
--->date
-
+
(date
,float
) --->date
-
string
+
unknown
--->string
-
+
(string
,unknown
) --->string
-
map
+
pair
--->map
-
+
(map
,pair
) --->map
-
point
+
point
--->point
-
+
(point
,point
) --->point
-
point
+
float
--->point
-
+
(point
,float
) --->point
-
map
+
map
--->map
-
+
(map
,map
) --->map
-
point
+
int
--->point
-
+
(point
,int
) --->point
-
float
+
float
--->float
-
+
(float
,float
) --->float
-
+
(geometry
,float
,bool
) --->geometry
-
+
(geometry
,float
,int
) --->geometry
-
+
(geometry
,float
,int
,int
) --->geometry
-
+
(geometry
,float
,int
,int
,bool
) --->geometry
Returns the sum, union or concatenation of the two operands.
- if one of the operands is nil, + throws an error
- if both operands are species, returns a special type of list called meta-population
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operands a float, an integer and one of #round, #square or #flat, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the first right-hand operand (distance), using a number of segments equal to the second right-hand operand and a flat, square or round end cap style
geometry var9 <- circle(5) + (5,32,#round); // var9 equals circle(10)
- if one operand is a matrix and the other a number (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic sum of the number with each element of the matrix (results are float if the number is a float.
matrix var10 <- 3.5 + matrix([[2,5],[3,4]]); // var10 equals matrix([[5.5,8.5],[6.5,7.5]])
- if both operands are colors, returns a new color resulting from the sum of the two operands, component by component
rgb var11 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) + rgb('red'); // var11 equals rgb([255,128,32])
- if both operands are numbers (float or int), performs a normal arithmetic sum and returns a float if one of them is a float.
int var12 <- 1 + 1; // var12 equals 2
- if one of the operands is a date and the other a number, returns a date corresponding to the date plus the given number as duration (in seconds)
date var13 <- date('2000-01-01') + 86400; // var13 equals date('2000-01-02')
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operands a float and a boolean, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the first right-hand operand (distance), single sided is the boolean is true
geometry var14 <- line([{10,10}, {50,50}]) + (5, true); // var14 equals A ploygon corresponding to the buffer generated
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operand a float, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the right-hand operand distance. The number of segments used by default is 8 and the end cap style is #round
geometry var15 <- circle(5) + 5; // var15 equals circle(10)
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operands a float and an integer, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the first right-hand operand (distance), using a number of segments equal to the second right-hand operand
geometry var16 <- circle(5) + (5,32); // var16 equals circle(10)
- if the right operand is an object of any type (except a container), + returns a list of the elements of the left operand, to which this object has been added
list<int> var17 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + 2; // var17 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,2]
list<int> var18 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + 0; // var18 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,0]
- if one operand is a color and the other an integer, returns a new color resulting from the sum of each component of the color with the right operand
rgb var19 <- rgb([255, 128, 32]) + 3; // var19 equals rgb([255,131,35])
- if the left-hand and right-hand operand are a string, returns the concatenation of the two operands
string var20 <- "hello " + "World"; // var20 equals "hello World"
- if the right-operand is a point, a geometry or an agent, returns the geometry resulting from the union between both geometries
geometry var21 <- geom1 + geom2; // var21 equals a geometry corresponding to union between geom1 and geom2
- if both operands are list, +returns the concatenation of both lists.
list<int> var22 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + [2,4,9]; // var22 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,2,4,9]
list<int> var23 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6] + [0,8]; // var23 equals [1,2,3,4,5,6,0,8]
- if the left-hand operand is a string, returns the concatenation of the two operands (the left-hand one beind casted into a string)
string var24 <- "hello " + 12; // var24 equals "hello 12"
- if both operands are points, returns their sum.
point var25 <- {1, 2} + {4, 5}; // var25 equals {5.0, 7.0}
- if the left-hand operand is a point and the right-hand a number, returns a new point with each coordinate as the sum of the operand coordinate with this number.
point var26 <- {1, 2} + 4.5; // var26 equals {5.5, 6.5,4.5}
- if the left-hand operand is a geometry and the right-hand operands a float, an integer, one of #round, #square or #flat and a boolean, returns a geometry corresponding to the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point) enlarged by the first right-hand operand (distance), using a number of segments equal to the second right-hand operand and a flat, square or round end cap style and single sided is the boolean is true
geometry var27 <- line([{10,10}, {50,50}]) + (5,32,#round, true); // var27 equals A ploygon corresponding to the buffer generated
float var0 <- 1.0 + 1; // var0 equals 2.0
float var1 <- 1.0 + 2.5; // var1 equals 3.5
string var2 <- date('2000-01-01 00:00:00') + '_Test'; // var2 equals '2000-01-01 00:00:00_Test'
date var3 <- date('2016-01-01 00:00:01') + 86400; // var3 equals date('2016-01-02 00:00:01')
map var4 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + ('c'::3); // var4 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,'c'::3]
map var5 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + ('c'::3); // var5 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,'c'::3]
map var6 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + ['c'::3]; // var6 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,'c'::3]
map var7 <- ['a'::1,'b'::2] + [5::3.0]; // var7 equals ['a'::1,'b'::2,5::3.0]
point var8 <- {1, 2} + 4; // var8 equals {5.0, 6.0,4.0}
See also: -, *, /, inter, union,
-
point
<
point
--->bool
-
<
(point
,point
) --->bool
-
string
<
string
--->bool
-
<
(string
,string
) --->bool
-
date
<
date
--->bool
-
<
(date
,date
) --->bool
-
float
<
int
--->bool
-
<
(float
,int
) --->bool
-
int
<
float
--->bool
-
<
(int
,float
) --->bool
-
int
<
int
--->bool
-
<
(int
,int
) --->bool
-
float
<
float
--->bool
-
<
(float
,float
) --->bool
true if the left-hand operand is less than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.
- if one of the operands is nil, returns false
- if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if less than or equal to x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than or equal to y of the right one.
bool var0 <- {5,7} < {4,6}; // var0 equals false
bool var1 <- {5,7} < {4,8}; // var1 equals false
- if both operands are String, uses a lexicographic comparison of two strings
bool var2 <- 'abc' < 'aeb'; // var2 equals true
bool var3 <- #now < #now minus_hours 1; // var3 equals false
bool var4 <- 3.5 < 7; // var4 equals true
bool var5 <- 3 < 2.5; // var5 equals false
bool var6 <- 3 < 7; // var6 equals true
bool var7 <- 3.5 < 7.6; // var7 equals true
-
int
<=
int
--->bool
-
<=
(int
,int
) --->bool
-
float
<=
int
--->bool
-
<=
(float
,int
) --->bool
-
point
<=
point
--->bool
-
<=
(point
,point
) --->bool
-
date
<=
date
--->bool
-
<=
(date
,date
) --->bool
-
string
<=
string
--->bool
-
<=
(string
,string
) --->bool
-
int
<=
float
--->bool
-
<=
(int
,float
) --->bool
-
float
<=
float
--->bool
-
<=
(float
,float
) --->bool
true if the left-hand operand is less or equal than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.
- if one of the operands is nil, returns false
- if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if less than or equal to x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than or equal to y of the right one.
bool var0 <- {5,7} <= {4,6}; // var0 equals false
bool var1 <- {5,7} <= {4,8}; // var1 equals false
- if both operands are String, uses a lexicographic comparison of two strings
bool var2 <- 'abc' <= 'aeb'; // var2 equals true
bool var3 <- 3 <= 7; // var3 equals true
bool var4 <- 7.0 <= 7; // var4 equals true
bool var5 <- (#now <= (#now minus_hours 1)); // var5 equals false
bool var6 <- 3 <= 2.5; // var6 equals false
bool var7 <- 3.5 <= 3.5; // var7 equals true
-
int
=
float
--->bool
-
=
(int
,float
) --->bool
-
int
=
int
--->bool
-
=
(int
,int
) --->bool
-
unknown
=
unknown
--->bool
-
=
(unknown
,unknown
) --->bool
-
float
=
int
--->bool
-
=
(float
,int
) --->bool
-
date
=
date
--->bool
-
=
(date
,date
) --->bool
-
float
=
float
--->bool
-
=
(float
,float
) --->bool
returns true if both operands are equal, false otherwise returns true if both operands are equal, false otherwise
- if both operands are any kind of objects, returns true if they are identical (i.e., the same object) or equal (comparisons between nil values are permitted)
bool var0 <- [2,3] = [2,3]; // var0 equals true
bool var1 <- 3 = 3.0; // var1 equals true
bool var2 <- 4 = 4.7; // var2 equals false
bool var3 <- 4 = 5; // var3 equals false
bool var4 <- 4.7 = 4; // var4 equals false
bool var5 <- #now = #now minus_hours 1; // var5 equals false
bool var6 <- 4.5 = 4.7; // var6 equals false
-
int
>
int
--->bool
-
>
(int
,int
) --->bool
-
date
>
date
--->bool
-
>
(date
,date
) --->bool
-
float
>
float
--->bool
-
>
(float
,float
) --->bool
-
float
>
int
--->bool
-
>
(float
,int
) --->bool
-
int
>
float
--->bool
-
>
(int
,float
) --->bool
-
string
>
string
--->bool
-
>
(string
,string
) --->bool
-
point
>
point
--->bool
-
>
(point
,point
) --->bool
true if the left-hand operand is greater than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.
- if one of the operands is nil, returns false
- if both operands are String, uses a lexicographic comparison of two strings
bool var5 <- 'abc' > 'aeb'; // var5 equals false
- if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if greater than x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than y of the right one.
bool var6 <- {5,7} > {4,6}; // var6 equals true
bool var7 <- {5,7} > {4,8}; // var7 equals false
bool var0 <- 13.0 > 7.0; // var0 equals true
bool var1 <- (#now > (#now minus_hours 1)); // var1 equals true
bool var2 <- 3.5 > 7.6; // var2 equals false
bool var3 <- 3.5 > 7; // var3 equals false
bool var4 <- 3 > 2.5; // var4 equals true
-
float
>=
int
--->bool
-
>=
(float
,int
) --->bool
-
point
>=
point
--->bool
-
>=
(point
,point
) --->bool
-
int
>=
float
--->bool
-
>=
(int
,float
) --->bool
-
string
>=
string
--->bool
-
>=
(string
,string
) --->bool
-
int
>=
int
--->bool
-
>=
(int
,int
) --->bool
-
float
>=
float
--->bool
-
>=
(float
,float
) --->bool
-
date
>=
date
--->bool
-
>=
(date
,date
) --->bool
true if the left-hand operand is greater or equal than the right-hand operand, false otherwise.
- if one of the operands is nil, returns false
- if both operands are points, returns true if and only if the left component (x) of the left operand if greater or equal than x of the right one and if the right component (y) of the left operand is greater than or equal to y of the right one.
bool var0 <- {5,7} >= {4,6}; // var0 equals true
bool var1 <- {5,7} >= {4,8}; // var1 equals false
- if both operands are string, uses a lexicographic comparison of the two strings
bool var2 <- 'abc' >= 'aeb'; // var2 equals false
bool var3 <- 'abc' >= 'abc'; // var3 equals true
bool var4 <- 3.5 >= 7; // var4 equals false
bool var5 <- 3 >= 2.5; // var5 equals true
bool var6 <- 3 >= 7; // var6 equals false
bool var7 <- 3.5 >= 3.5; // var7 equals true
bool var8 <- #now >= #now minus_hours 1; // var8 equals true
-
abs
(int
) --->int
-
abs
(float
) --->float
Returns the absolute value of the operand (so a positive int or float depending on the type of the operand).
int var0 <- abs (-10); // var0 equals 10
int var1 <- abs (10); // var1 equals 10
float var2 <- abs (200 * -1 + 0.5); // var2 equals 199.5
-
container
accumulate
any expression
--->list
-
accumulate
(container
,any expression
) --->list
returns a new flat list, in which each element is the evaluation of the right-hand operand. If this evaluation returns a list, the elements of this result are added directly to the list returned
accumulate is dedicated to the application of a same computation on each element of a container (and returns a list). In the right-hand operand, the keyword each can be used to represent, in turn, each of the left-hand operand elements.
list var0 <- [a1,a2,a3] accumulate (each neighbors_at 10); // var0 equals a flat list of all the neighbors of these three agents
list<int> var1 <- [1,2,4] accumulate ([2,4]); // var1 equals [2,4,2,4,2,4]
list<int> var2 <- [1,2,4] accumulate (each * 2); // var2 equals [2,4,8]
See also: collect,
-
acos
(int
) --->float
-
acos
(float
) --->float
Returns the value (in the interval [0,180], in decimal degrees) of the arccos of the operand (which should be in [-1,1]).
- if the right-hand operand is outside of the [-1,1] interval, returns NaN
float var0 <- acos (0); // var0 equals 90.0
See also: asin, atan, cos, atan2,
-
action
(any
) --->action
casts the operand in a action object.
-
add_3Dmodel
(kml
,point
,float
,float
,string
) --->kml
-
add_3Dmodel
(kml
,point
,float
,float
,string
,date
,date
) --->kml
the kml export manager with new 3D model: specify the 3D model (collada) to add to the kml
See also: add_geometry, add_icon, add_label,
Same signification as plus_days
-
graph
add_edge
pair
--->graph
-
add_edge
(graph
,pair
) --->graph
add an edge between a source vertex and a target vertex (resp. the left and the right element of the pair operand)
WARNING / side effect: this operator modifies the operand and does not create a new graph. If the edge already exists, the graph is unchanged
graph <- graph add_edge (source::target);
-
add_geometry
(kml
,geometry
,float
,rgb
) --->kml
-
add_geometry
(kml
,geometry
,rgb
,rgb
) --->kml
-
add_geometry
(kml
,geometry
,float
,rgb
,rgb
) --->kml
-
add_geometry
(kml
,geometry
,float
,rgb
,rgb
,date
) --->kml
-
add_geometry
(kml
,geometry
,float
,rgb
,rgb
,date
,date
) --->kml
Define the kml export manager with new geometry
See also: add_3Dmodel, add_icon, add_label,
Same signification as plus_hours
-
add_icon
(kml
,point
,float
,float
,string
) --->kml
-
add_icon
(kml
,point
,float
,float
,string
,date
,date
) --->kml
Define the kml export manager with new icons
See also: add_geometry, add_icon, add_3Dmodel,
Same signification as plus_minutes
Same signification as plus_months
Same signification as plus_ms
-
graph
add_node
geometry
--->graph
-
add_node
(graph
,geometry
) --->graph
adds a node in a graph.
WARNING / side effect: this operator modifies the operand and does not create a new graph
graph var0 <- graph add_node node(0); // var0 equals the graph, to which node(0) has been added
-
geometry
add_point
point
--->geometry
-
add_point
(geometry
,point
) --->geometry
A new geometry resulting from the addition of the right point (coordinate) to the left-hand geometry. Note that adding a point to a line or polyline will always return a closed contour. Also note that the position at which the added point will appear in the geometry is not necessarily the last one, as points are always ordered in a clockwise fashion in geometries
geometry var0 <- polygon([{10,10},{10,20},{20,20}]) add_point {20,10}; // var0 equals polygon([{10,10},{10,20},{20,20},{20,10}])
Same signification as +
-
predicate
add_values
map
--->predicate
-
add_values
(predicate
,map
) --->predicate
add a new value to the map of the given predicate
predicate add_values ["time"::10];
Same signification as plus_weeks
Same signification as plus_years
-
adjacency
(graph
) --->matrix<float>
adjacency matrix of the given graph.
-
after
(date
) --->bool
-
any expression
after
date
--->bool
-
after
(any expression
,date
) --->bool
Returns true if the current_date of the model is strictly after the date passed in argument. Synonym of 'current_date > argument'. Can be used in its composed form with 2 arguments to express the lower boundary for the computation of a frequency. Note that only dates strictly after this one will be tested against the frequency
reflex when: after(starting_date) {} // this reflex will always be run after the first step
reflex when: false after(starting date + #10days) {} // This reflex will not be run after this date. Better to use 'until' or 'before' in that case
every(2#days) after (starting_date + 1#day) // the computation will return true every two days (using the starting_date of the model as the starting point) only for the dates strictly after this starting_date + 1#day
-
agent
(any
) --->agent
casts the operand in a agent object.
-
agent_closest_to
(unknown
) --->agent
An agent, the closest to the operand (casted as a geometry).
the distance is computed in the topology of the calling agent (the agent in which this operator is used), with the distance algorithm specific to the topology.
agent var0 <- agent_closest_to(self); // var0 equals the closest agent to the agent applying the operator.
See also: neighbors_at, neighbors_of, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, closest_to, inside, overlapping, agents_touching, agent_farthest_to, agents_crossing, partially_overlapping, touching, agents_partially_overlapping, covering, farthest_to, agents_covering, agents_at_distance, crossing, at_distance,
-
agent_farthest_to
(unknown
) --->agent
An agent, the farthest to the operand (casted as a geometry).
the distance is computed in the topology of the calling agent (the agent in which this operator is used), with the distance algorithm specific to the topology.
agent var0 <- agent_farthest_to(self); // var0 equals the farthest agent to the agent applying the operator.
See also: neighbors_at, neighbors_of, agents_inside, agents_overlapping, closest_to, inside, overlapping, agent_closest_to, farthest_to,
-
agent_file
(string
) --->file
Constructs a file of type agent. Allowed extensions are limited to agent
- agent_file(string): File containing a saved agent in the java binary serialisation protocol
See also: is_agent,
-
path
agent_from_geometry
geometry
--->agent
-
agent_from_geometry
(path
,geometry
) --->agent
returns the agent corresponding to given geometry (right-hand operand) in the given path (left-hand operand).
- if the left-hand operand is nil, returns nil
geometry line <- one_of(path_followed.segments);
road ag <- road(path_followed agent_from_geometry line);
See also: path,
Same signification as agents_overlapping
-
agents_at_distance
(float
) --->list
A list of agents situated at a distance lower than the right argument.
list var0 <- agents_at_distance(20); // var0 equals all the agents (excluding the caller) which distance to the caller is lower than 20
See also: neighbors_at, neighbors_of, agent_closest_to, agents_inside, closest_to, inside, overlapping, at_distance,
-
agents_covering
(unknown
) --->list<agent>
A list of agents covered by the operand (casted as a geometry).
list<agent> var0 <- agents_covering(self); // var0 equals the agents that cover the shape of the agent applying the operator.
See also: agent_closest_to, agents_overlapping, closest_to, inside, overlapping,
-
agents_crossing
(unknown
) --->list<agent>
A list of agents cross the operand (casted as a geometry).
list<agent> var0 <- agents_crossing(self); // var0 equals the agents that crossing the shape of the agent applying the operator.
See also: agent_closest_to, agents_overlapping, closest_to, inside, overlapping,
-
agents_inside
(unknown
) --->list<agent>
A list of agents covered by the operand (casted as a geometry).
list<agent> var0 <- agents_inside(self); // var0 equals the agents that are covered by the shape of the agent applying the operator.
See also: agent_closest_to, agents_overlapping, closest_to, inside, overlapping, agent_farthest_to, neighbors_at, partially_overlapping, touching, neighbors_of, covering, farthest_to, agents_at_distance, crossing, at_distance,
-
agents_overlapping
(unknown
) --->list<agent>
A list of agents overlapping the operand (casted as a geometry).
list<agent> var0 <- agents_overlapping(self); // var0 equals the agents that overlap the shape of the agent applying the operator.
See also: neighbors_at, neighbors_of, agent_closest_to, agents_inside, closest_to, inside, overlapping, at_distance, agents_touching, agent_farthest_to, agents_crossing, partially_overlapping, touching, agents_partially_overlapping, covering, farthest_to, agents_covering, crossing,
-
agents_partially_overlapping
(unknown
) --->list<agent>
A list of agents that partially overlap the operand (casted as a geometry).
list<agent> var0 <- agents_partially_overlapping(self); // var0 equals the agents that partially overlap the shape of the agent applying the operator.
See also: agent_closest_to, agents_overlapping, closest_to, inside, overlapping,
-
agents_touching
(unknown
) --->list<agent>
A list of agents touching the operand (casted as a geometry).
list<agent> var0 <- agents_touching(self); // var0 equals the agents that touch the shape of the agent applying the operator.
See also: agent_closest_to, agents_overlapping, closest_to, inside, overlapping,
-
list
all_indexes_of
unknown
--->list
-
all_indexes_of
(list
,unknown
) --->list
all the index of all the occurences of the right operand in the left operand container
The definition of all_indexes_of and the type of the index depend on the container
- if the left operand is a list, all_indexes_of returns a list of all the indexes as integers
list var0 <- [1,2,3,1,2,3] all_indexes_of 1; // var0 equals [0,3]
list var1 <- [1,2,3,1,2,3] all_indexes_of 4; // var1 equals []
See also: index_of, last_index_of,
-
container
all_match
any expression
--->bool
-
all_match
(container
,any expression
) --->bool
Returns true if all the elements of the left-hand operand make the right-hand operand evaluate to true. Returns true if the left-hand operand is empty. 'c all_match each.property' is strictly equivalent to '(c count each.property) = length(c)' but faster in most cases (as it is a shortcircuited operator)
in the right-hand operand, the keyword each can be used to represent, in turn, each of the elements.
- if the left-hand operand is nil, all_match throws an error
bool var0 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] all_match (each > 3); // var0 equals false
bool var1 <- [1::2, 3::4, 5::6] all_match (each > 4); // var1 equals false
See also: none_matches, one_matches, count,
-
all_pairs_shortest_path
(graph
) --->matrix<int>
returns the successor matrix of shortest paths between all node pairs (rows: source, columns: target): a cell (i,j) will thus contains the next node in the shortest path between i and j.
matrix<int> var0 <- all_pairs_shortest_paths(my_graph); // var0 equals shortest_paths_matrix will contain all pairs of shortest paths
Same signification as all_match
-
alpha_index
(graph
) --->float
returns the alpha index of the graph (measure of connectivity which evaluates the number of cycles in a graph in comparison with the maximum number of cycles. The higher the alpha index, the more a network is connected: alpha = nb_cycles / (2*
S-5) - planar graph)
float var1 <- alpha_index(graphEpidemio); // var1 equals the alpha index of the graph
See also: beta_index, gamma_index, nb_cycles, connectivity_index, connected_components_of,
-
int
among
container
--->list
-
among
(int
,container
) --->list
Returns a list of length the value of the left-hand operand, containing random elements from the right-hand operand. As of GAMA 1.6, the order in which the elements are returned can be different than the order in which they appear in the right-hand container
- if the right-hand operand is empty, among returns a new empty list. If it is nil, it throws an error.
- if the left-hand operand is greater than the length of the right-hand operand, among returns the right-hand operand (converted as a list). If it is smaller or equal to zero, it returns an empty list
list<int> var0 <- 3 among [1,2,4,3,5,7,6,8]; // var0 equals [1,2,8] (for example)
list var1 <- 3 among g2; // var1 equals [node6,node11,node7]
list var2 <- 3 among list(node); // var2 equals [node1,node11,node4]
list<int> var3 <- 1 among [1::2,3::4]; // var3 equals 2 or 4
-
bool
and
any expression
--->bool
-
and
(bool
,any expression
) --->bool
a bool value, equal to the logical and between the left-hand operand and the right-hand operand.
both operands are always casted to bool before applying the operator. Thus, an expression like (1 and 0) is accepted and returns false.
bool var0 <- true and false; // var0 equals false
bool var1 <- false and false; // var1 equals false
bool var2 <- false and true; // var2 equals false
bool var3 <- true and true; // var3 equals true
int a <-3 ; int b <- 4; int c <- 7;
bool var5 <- ((a+b) = c ) and ((a+b) > c ); // var5 equals false
-
predicate
and
predicate
--->predicate
-
and
(predicate
,predicate
) --->predicate
create a new predicate from two others by including them as subintentions
predicate1 and predicate2
-
angle_between
(point
,point
,point
) --->float
the angle between vectors P0P1 and P0P2 (P0, P1, P2 being the three point operands)
float var0 <- angle_between({5,5},{10,5},{5,10}); // var0 equals 90
-
antialiased
(image
) --->image
-
image
antialiased
int
--->image
-
antialiased
(image
,int
) --->image
Application of a very light blur kernel that acts like an anti-aliasing filter when applied to an image. If the last argument is > 0, applies the filter the equivalent number of times. If it is equal or smaller than zero, the image is returned untouched Application of a very light blur kernel that acts like an anti-aliasing filter when applied to an image. This operation can be applied multiple times in a row if greater.
Same signification as one_of
-
any_location_in
(geometry
) --->point
A point inside (or touching) the operand-geometry.
point var0 <- any_location_in(square(5)); // var0 equals a point in the square, for example : {3,4.6}.
See also: closest_points_with, farthest_point_to, points_at, centroid,
Same signification as any_location_in
-
matrix
append_horizontally
matrix
--->matrix
-
append_horizontally
(matrix
,matrix
) --->matrix
A matrix resulting from the concatenation of the rows of the two given matrices.
-
matrix
append_vertically
matrix
--->matrix
-
append_vertically
(matrix
,matrix
) --->matrix
A matrix resulting from the concatenation of the columns of the two given matrices.
matrix var0 <- matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]) append_vertically matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]); // var0 equals matrix([[1,2,1,2],[3,4,3,4]])
-
arc
(float
,float
,float
) --->geometry
-
arc
(float
,float
,float
,bool
) --->geometry
An arc, which radius is equal to the first operand, heading to the second, amplitude to the third and a boolean indicating whether to return a linestring or a polygon to the fourth
the center of the arc is by default the location of the current agent in which has been called this operator.the center of the arc is by default the location of the current agent in which has been called this operator. This operator returns a polygon by default.
- returns a point if the radius operand is lower or equal to 0.
- returns a point if the radius operand is lower or equal to 0.
geometry var0 <- arc(4,45,90, false); // var0 equals a geometry as an arc of radius 4, in a direction of 45° and an amplitude of 90°, which only contains the points on the arc
geometry var1 <- arc(4,45,90); // var1 equals a geometry as an arc of radius 4, in a direction of 45° and an amplitude of 90°
See also: around, cone, line, link, norm, point, polygon, polyline, super_ellipse, rectangle, square, circle, ellipse, triangle, elliptical_arc,
-
float
around
unknown
--->geometry
-
around
(float
,unknown
) --->geometry
A geometry resulting from the difference between a buffer around the right-operand casted in geometry at a distance left-operand (right-operand buffer left-operand) and the right-operand casted as geometry.
- returns a circle geometry of radius right-operand if the left-operand is nil
geometry var0 <- 10 around circle(5); // var0 equals the ring geometry between 5 and 10.
See also: circle, cone, line, link, norm, point, polygon, polyline, rectangle, square, triangle, cone3D, ellipse, teapot, squircle, geometry_collection, elliptical_arc, hexagon, plan, cylinder, pyramid, box, polyhedron, sphere, cross, arc, curve, cube,
-
unknown
as
any GAML type
--->unknown
-
as
(unknown
,any GAML type
) --->unknown
Casting of the first argument into a given type
It is equivalent to the application of the type operator on the left operand.
int var0 <- 3.5 as int; // var0 equals int(3.5)
-
geometry
as_4_grid
point
--->matrix
-
as_4_grid
(geometry
,point
) --->matrix
A matrix of square geometries (grid with 4-neighborhood) with dimension given by the right-hand operand ({nb_cols, nb_lines}) corresponding to the square tessellation of the left-hand operand geometry (geometry, agent)
matrix var0 <- self as_4_grid {10, 5}; // var0 equals the matrix of square geometries (grid with 4-neighborhood) with 10 columns and 5 lines corresponding to the square tessellation of the geometry of the agent applying the operator.
See also: as_grid, as_hexagonal_grid,
-
container
as_distance_graph
float
--->graph
-
as_distance_graph
(container
,float
) --->graph
-
as_distance_graph
(container
,float
,species
) --->graph
creates a graph from a list of vertices (left-hand operand). An edge is created between each pair of vertices close enough (less than a distance, right-hand operand).
as_distance_graph is more efficient for a list of points than as_intersection_graph.
list(ant) as_distance_graph 3.0
See also: as_intersection_graph, as_edge_graph,
-
container
as_driving_graph
container
--->graph
-
as_driving_graph
(container
,container
) --->graph
creates a graph from the list/map of edges given as operand and connect the node to the edge
as_driving_graph(road, node) --: build a graph while using the road agents as edges and the node agents as nodes
See also: as_intersection_graph, as_distance_graph, as_edge_graph,
-
as_edge_graph
(map
) --->graph
-
as_edge_graph
(container
) --->graph
-
container
as_edge_graph
container
--->graph
-
as_edge_graph
(container
,container
) --->graph
-
container
as_edge_graph
float
--->graph
-
as_edge_graph
(container
,float
) --->graph
creates a graph from the list/map of edges given as operand
- if the operand is a map, the graph will be built by creating edges from pairs of the map
graph var0 <- as_edge_graph([{1,5}::{12,45},{12,45}::{34,56}]); // var0 equals a graph with these three vertices and two edges
- if the operand is a list and a tolerance (max distance in meters to consider that 2 points are the same node) is given, the graph will be built with elements of the list as edges and two edges will be connected by a node if the distance between their extremity (first or last points) are at distance lower or equal to the tolerance
graph var1 <- as_edge_graph([line([{1,5},{12,45}]),line([{13,45},{34,56}])],1); // var1 equals a graph with two edges and three vertices
- if the operand is a list, the graph will be built with elements of the list as edges
graph var2 <- as_edge_graph([line([{1,5},{12,45}]),line([{12,45},{34,56}])]); // var2 equals a graph with two edges and three vertices
See also: as_intersection_graph, as_distance_graph, grid_cells_to_graph,
-
geometry
as_grid
point
--->matrix
-
as_grid
(geometry
,point
) --->matrix
A matrix of square geometries (grid with 8-neighborhood) with dimension given by the right-hand operand ({nb_cols, nb_lines}) corresponding to the square tessellation of the left-hand operand geometry (geometry, agent)
matrix var0 <- self as_grid {10, 5}; // var0 equals a matrix of square geometries (grid with 8-neighborhood) with 10 columns and 5 lines corresponding to the square tessellation of the geometry of the agent applying the operator.
See also: as_4_grid, as_hexagonal_grid,
-
geometry
as_hexagonal_grid
point
--->list<geometry>
-
as_hexagonal_grid
(geometry
,point
) --->list<geometry>
A list of geometries (hexagonal) corresponding to the hexagonal tesselation of the first operand geometry
list<geometry> var0 <- self as_hexagonal_grid {10, 5}; // var0 equals list of geometries (hexagonal) corresponding to the hexagonal tesselation of the first operand geometry
-
string
as_int
int
--->int
-
as_int
(string
,int
) --->int
parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument.
- if the left operand is nil or empty, as_int returns 0
- if the left operand does not represent an integer in the specified radix, as_int throws an exception
int var0 <- '20' as_int 10; // var0 equals 20
int var1 <- '20' as_int 8; // var1 equals 16
int var2 <- '20' as_int 16; // var2 equals 32
int var3 <- '1F' as_int 16; // var3 equals 31
int var4 <- 'hello' as_int 32; // var4 equals 18306744
See also: int,
-
container
as_intersection_graph
float
--->graph
-
as_intersection_graph
(container
,float
) --->graph
-
as_intersection_graph
(container
,float
,species
) --->graph
creates a graph from a list of vertices (left-hand operand). An edge is created between each pair of vertices with an intersection (with a given tolerance). creates a graph from a list of vertices (left-hand operand). An edge is created between each pair of vertices with an intersection (with a given tolerance).
as_intersection_graph is more efficient for a list of geometries (but less accurate) than as_distance_graph.
list(ant) as_intersection_graph 0.5
See also: as_distance_graph, as_edge_graph, grid_cells_to_graph,
-
container
as_map
any expression
--->map
-
as_map
(container
,any expression
) --->map
produces a new map from the evaluation of the right-hand operand for each element of the left-hand operand
the right-hand operand should be a pair
- if the left-hand operand is nil, as_map throws an error.
map<int,int> var0 <- [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] as_map (each::(each * 2)); // var0 equals [1::2, 2::4, 3::6, 4::8, 5::10, 6::12, 7::14, 8::16]
map<int,int> var1 <- [1::2,3::4,5::6] as_map (each::(each * 2)); // var1 equals [2::4, 4::8, 6::12]
-
unknown
as_matrix
point
--->matrix
-
as_matrix
(unknown
,point
) --->matrix
casts the left operand into a matrix with right operand as preferred size
This operator is very useful to cast a file containing raster data into a matrix.Note that both components of the right operand point should be positive, otherwise an exception is raised.The operator as_matrix creates a matrix of preferred size. It fills in it with elements of the left operand until the matrix is full If the size is to short, some elements will be omitted. Matrix remaining elements will be filled in by nil.
- if the right operand is nil, as_matrix is equivalent to the matrix operator
See also: matrix, field_with, matrix_with,
-
list<geometry>
as_path
graph
--->path
-
as_path
(list<geometry>
,graph
) --->path
create a graph path from the list of shape
path var0 <- [road1,road2,road3] as_path my_graph; // var0 equals a path road1->road2->road3 of my_graph
-
as_spatial_graph
(graph
) --->gama.core.metamodel.topology.graph.ISpatialGraph
Creates a spatial graph out of an arbitrary graph. If the argument is already a spatial graph, returns it unchanged. If it contains geometrical nodes or edges, they are kept unchanged
-
asin
(float
) --->float
-
asin
(int
) --->float
the arcsin of the operand
- if the right-hand operand is outside of the [-1,1] interval, returns NaN
float var0 <- asin (0); // var0 equals 0.0
float var1 <- asin (90); // var1 equals #nan
See also: acos, atan, sin, atan2,
-
matrix
at
point
--->unknown
-
at
(matrix
,point
) --->unknown
-
string
at
int
--->string
-
at
(string
,int
) --->string
-
list
at
int
--->unknown
-
at
(list
,int
) --->unknown
-
container
at
unknown
--->unknown
-
at
(container
,unknown
) --->unknown
-
species
at
int
--->agent
-
at
(species
,int
) --->agent
the element at the right operand index of the container
The first element of the container is located at the index 0. In addition, if the user tries to get the element at an index higher or equals than the length of the container, he will get an IndexOutOfBoundException.The at operator behavior depends on the nature of the operand
- if it is a file, at returns the element of the file content at the index specified by the right operand
- if it is a population, at returns the agent at the index specified by the right operand
- if it is a graph and if the right operand is a node, at returns the in and out edges corresponding to that node
- if it is a graph and if the right operand is an edge, at returns the pair node_out::node_in of the edge
- if it is a graph and if the right operand is a pair node1::node2, at returns the edge from node1 to node2 in the graph
- if it is a list or a matrix, at returns the element at the index specified by the right operand
int var1 <- [1, 2, 3] at 2; // var1 equals 3
point var2 <- [{1,2}, {3,4}, {5,6}] at 0; // var2 equals {1.0,2.0}
string var0 <- 'abcdef' at 0; // var0 equals 'a'
See also: contains_all, contains_any, last_index_of, index_of,
-
container<unknown,geometry>
at_distance
float
--->list<geometry>
-
at_distance
(container<unknown,geometry>
,float
) --->list<geometry>
A list of agents or geometries among the left-operand list that are located at a distance <= the right operand from the caller agent (in its topology)
list<geometry> var0 <- [ag1, ag2, ag3] at_distance 20; // var0 equals the agents of the list located at a distance <= 20 from the caller agent (in the same order).
See also: neighbors_at, neighbors_of, agent_closest_to, agents_inside, closest_to, inside, overlapping, agents_overlapping, agents_at_distance,
-
geometry
at_location
point
--->geometry
-
at_location
(geometry
,point
) --->geometry
A geometry resulting from the tran of a translation to the right-hand operand point of the left-hand operand (geometry, agent, point)
geometry var0 <- self at_location {10, 20}; // var0 equals the geometry resulting from a translation to the location {10, 20} of the left-hand geometry (or agent).
float var1 <- (box({10, 10 , 5}) at_location point(50,50,0)).location.x; // var1 equals 50.0
-
atan
(int
) --->float
-
atan
(float
) --->float
Returns the value (in the interval [-90,90], in decimal degrees) of the arctan of the operand (which can be any real number).
float var0 <- atan (1); // var0 equals 45.0
See also: acos, asin, tan, atan2,
-
float
atan2
float
--->float
-
atan2
(float
,float
) --->float
the atan2 value of the two operands.
The function atan2 is the arctangent function with two arguments. The purpose of using two arguments instead of one is to gather information on the signs of the inputs in order to return the appropriate quadrant of the computed angle, which is not possible for the single-argument arctangent function. Beware: the first argument is y and the second is x
float var0 <- atan2 (0,0); // var0 equals 0.0
float var1 <- atan2 (0,1); // var1 equals 0.0
float var2 <- atan2 (0,-1); // var2 equals 180.0
float var3 <- atan2 (1,0); // var3 equals 90.0
float var4 <- atan2 (1,1); // var4 equals 45.0
float var5 <- atan2 (1,-1); // var5 equals 135.0
float var6 <- atan2 (-1,0); // var6 equals -90.0
float var7 <- atan2 (-1,1); // var7 equals -45.0
float var8 <- atan2 (-1,-1); // var8 equals -135.0
-
container
auto_correlation
int
--->float
-
auto_correlation
(container
,int
) --->float
Returns the auto-correlation of a data sequence given some lag
float var0 <- auto_correlation([1,0,1,0,1,0],2); // var0 equals 1
float var1 <- auto_correlation([1,0,1,0,1,0],1); // var1 equals -1