PRINT - QB64Official/qb64 GitHub Wiki

The PRINT statement prints numeric or string expressions to the program screen. Typing shortcut ? will convert to PRINT.

Syntax

PRINT [expression] [;|,] [expression...]

Parameter(s)

  • expression is a numeric or string expression or list of expressions to be written to the screen. End quotes will not be displayed in strings.
  • The print statement can be followed by a semicolon to stop the print cursor or a comma to tab space the next print.

Usage

  • STRING values will eliminate leading and trailing quotation marks when printed to the screen. Use CHR$(34) to add quotes to the SCREEN.
  • PRINT with no parameters moves the print cursor to the next print row at column 1.
  • expression is a numeric or string expression to be printed.
    • SPACE$(n%) or SPC(n%) - specifies that n% space characters will be printed.
    • TAB(column%) - specifies that the print cursor is to move to column number column%. If the print cursor is already beyond that column, it is moved to the designated column on the next row.
  • A separator is used to separate multiple expressions and specifies how the print cursor is to be moved:
    • Semicolon(;) - specifies that the print cursor stops at the end of the printed expression and may append later expressions or prints. PRINT ; or PRINT ""; will stop cursor movement and append later prints. Ending semicolons can also stop screen roll.
    • Comma(,) - specifies that the print cursor is to move to the next 14-column tab-stop. If the print cursor is at column 56 or greater, it is moved to the next row at column 1. When used after an expression it may Tab-stop append later prints.
    • +(+) uses concatenation to add STRING expressions ONLY with no spacing. Cannot combine numerical expressions!
    • If a separator is not used at the end of the expression list, the print cursor moves to the next row at column 1.
  • When *printing numerical'expressions values, the following rules are used:
    • If the value is positive, the number is prefixed with a space character, otherwise, the number is prefixed with a negative sign (-).
    • If the value is an integer (whole number), no decimal point or fractional part will be printed.
    • If the value is not an INTEGER(whole number) and has zero for a coefficient, no leading zero is printed. EX: -0.123 prints "-.123 "
    • If the expression is in scientific notation, the number is also printed in scientific notation.
    • The number is PRINT with a space after it unless STR$(number) is used to convert it to string text.
    • Numerical values MUST be added to a PRINT statement string using commas or semicolons on each side of the value or by using STR$ to convert the value to a string to use concatenation (+ string addition).
  • VIEW PRINT can set up a viewport area for PRINTs. Text printed on the bottom view port row will scroll the text upward.
  • Text to be printed can be a STRING variable or a literal value inside of quotation marks.
  • Use semicolon ends on bottom 2 rows of the SCREEN mode used or the PRINT will roll the screen up.
  • Quotes cannot be inside of a literal STRING! Use CHR$(34) concatenation to insert quotation marks into a literal string.
  • To better format number and text data placement use PRINT USING.
  • Instead of typing PRINT you can just type a question mark (?). It will change to PRINT when enter is pressed in the IDE.
  • Use the _PRINTMODE statement before a print to deal with the text background in QB64:
    • 1 _KEEPBACKGROUND: Text background transparent. Only the text is displayed over anything behind it.
    • 2 _ONLYBACKGROUND: Text background is only displayed. Text is transparent to anything behind it.
    • 3 _FILLBACKGROUND: Text and background block anything behind them. Default setting.
  • WRITE can be used to print a list of comma separated data values to the screen with commas between each value.
  • Use _DEST _CONSOLE before PRINT statements to be used in a $CONSOLE window.
  • Use _CONTROLCHR OFF to PRINT the unprintable lower ASCII control characters in QB64.

Example(s)

Using semicolons, comma tabs or concatenation to insert ASCII characters and numbers in a PRINT:


PRINT CHR$(34); "Hello world!"; CHR$(34) ' adding quotation marks
PRINT 123 'demonstrates the positive leading space
a$ = "Hello country!": a = 321: b = -321
PRINT a$, a ' demonstrates comma in statement
PRINT a$; a ' demonstrates semicolon in statement
PRINT a$ + STR$(b) ' concatenation of string numerical values only
? "Hello city!" ' a ? changes to PRINT after moving cursor from the code line in IDE



"Hello world!"
 123
Hello country!      321
Hello country! 321
Hello country!-321
Hello city!

First PRINT prints the text between two quotation marks, then it prints the value 123, notice that there are no quotation marks when printing the value, quotation marks mean that it will be treated like a literal string of text. a$ is set to "Hello country" and 'a' is set to the value 321, the dollar sign is used when a variable holds the text string. The contents of a$ is then printed and the "," means that the value of 'a' is printed separated by a tab and ";" means that there is no separation from the other text except for the leading positive value space.

Changing colors in a line of text using semicolons with colon separators between PRINTs on the same code line.


COLOR 12: PRINT "Start red "; : COLOR 10: PRINT "and end green."
COLOR 11: PRINT "Start aqua ";
COLOR 14: PRINT "and end blue."



Start red and end green.
Start aqua and end blue.

See Also