• The electron transport chain
• Protein Metabolism and Urea Cycle
• Synthesis and Breakdown of Fatty Acids
• Integration of Metabolism

Using the axes from the illustration, plot the oxygen uptake in a mitochondrial suspension as the following elements are added in the specified order. At time 0, assume the level oxygen consumption indicated by the horizontal line, and note that oxygen consumption can only increase or remain constant.

Component	Time point
Glucose	a
ADP + Pi	b
Citrato	c
Oligomycin	d
Succinate	e
Dinitrophenol	f
Rotenone	g
Cyanide	h

8.fosforilação oxidativa4.pdf

This question involves calculating the Gibbs free energy change for the Citrate Synthase Reaction. The first step of the Krebs cycle involves the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate, catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase. Calculate the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for this reaction at standard conditions (T = 298 K, P = 1 atm) given the following standard Gibbs free energy of formation values:

ΔG°f (acetyl-CoA) = -31.5 kJ/mol ΔG°f (oxaloacetate) = -379.8 kJ/mol ΔG°f (citrate) = -380.3 kJ/mol

This question involves determining the equilibrium constant for the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Reaction. The isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle. Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction at 25°C (298 K) using the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) value of -8.4 kJ/mol.

Calculating the Standard Enthalpy Change for the Malate Dehydrogenase Reaction

The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase is an important step in the Krebs cycle. Calculate the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for this reaction using the following information:

ΔG° = -29.7 kJ/mol ΔS° = -112.1 J/(mol·K)

TBD