Routers are, layer 3, devices meant to transfer packets to the correct device using IP as its medium between seperated networks. Items in a specified network that can receive traffic from one another are considered a part of the Broadcast Domain.

Routers inspect packets for the destination address in order to determine the location in which the packet should be transferred.

Switches state the Mac Addressess and the Port its connected to Routers give you the IP / Mask, Next hop, and the interface connected.

For this duplicate each section and state if its a direct or indirect connection. Hops only increases when gone through multiple routers.

Router	Network	Mask	Next Hop	interface	Hops
Central	153.104.1.0	/24	Direct	G0	-
	153.104.28.0	/22	Direct	G1	-
	153.104.8.0	/21	WLAN-IP	G0	1
	153.104.58.0	/23	West-IP	G0	1
	153.104.60.0	/23	East-IP	G0	1
West	153.104.1.0	/24	Direct	G1	-
	153.104.58.0	/23	Direct	G1	-
	153.104.28.0	/22	Central-Router	G0	1
	153.104.8.0	/21	Wireless Router	G0	1
	153.104.8.0	/21	Wireless Router	G0	1
East	153.104.1.0	/24	Direct	G1	-
	153.104.6.0	/23	East Router	G1	-
	153.104.28.0	/22	Central-Router	G0	1
	153.104.8.0	/21	Wireless Router	G0	1
	153.104.58.0	/23	West-IP	G0	1

All internet traffic is sent to the ISP so that companies don’t need to know every single IP address. This increases Bandwidth and allows for us to only know our internal network.

• IGP protocols are used internally: RIPv2, OSPF, ISIS

• EGP protocols are externally allocated between organizations: BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).
• Used to scale networks, Define Administrative boundaries, and policies

RIPv2 RIPv2 (Routing Internet Protocol V2) is a Distance Vector Protocol:

• Routers Broadcasts/Multicasts their routing tables every 30-60s in order to update the tables of each other router on the network.
• Routing preference is based solely on hops. It is easy to configure but is noisy and does not scale.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a Link state routing protocol.

• Routers locate their neighbors and send keep-alives, every 10 seconds, to the other routers otherwise it drops the link. It is also focused on Bandwidth and the fastest way to get to and from a location
• Routing preference is based solely on hops. It is easy to configure but is noisy and does not scale.