Population - worldbank/HNP GitHub Wiki
SEDAC's COVID population demographic viewer runs zonal statistics on each gender/age group layer of CIESIN's https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/mapping/popest/covid-19/ for any custom geographic area specified by the user. This is supported by a fairly large server with adequate processing (48 cores) and memory (256GB) of memory to provide realtime demographic breakdowns.
This approach could be adapted by pre-processing each layer and stacking it to a single count of vulnerable based on local demographic breakdown.