MySQL 权限控制 - wongxinjie/wongxinjie.github.io GitHub Wiki

那么Mysql的权限是如何实现的呢？这就要说到mysql的两阶段验证，下面详细介绍：第一阶段：服务器首先会检查你是否允许连接。因为创建用户的时候会加上主机限制，可以限制成本地、某个IP、某个IP段、以及任何地方等，只允许你从配置的指定地方登陆。第二阶段：如果你能连接，Mysql会检查你发出的每个请求，看你是否有足够的权限实施它。比如你要更新某个表、或者查询某个表，Mysql会查看你对哪个表或者某个列是否有权限。再比如，你要运行某个存储过程，Mysql会检查你对存储过程是否有执行权限等。

MySQL权限实战：

GRANT命令使用说明先来看一个例子，创建一个只允许从本地登录的超级用户jack，并允许将权限赋予别的用户，密码为：jack.

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to jack@'localhost' identified by "jack" with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

GRANT命令说明：

ALL PRIVILEGES 是表示所有权限，你也可以使用select、update等权限。
ON 用来指定权限针对哪些库和表。
. 中前面的号用来指定数据库名，后面的号用来指定表名。
TO 表示将权限赋予某个用户。
jack@'localhost' 表示jack用户，@后面接限制的主机，可以是IP、IP段、域名以及%，%表示任何地方。注意：这里%有的版本不包括本地，以前碰到过给某个用户设置了%允许任何地方登录，但是在本地登录不了，这个和版本有关系，遇到这个问题再加一个localhost的用户就可以了。
IDENTIFIED BY 指定用户的登录密码。
WITH GRANT OPTION 这个选项表示该用户可以将自己拥有的权限授权给别人。注意：经常有人在创建操作用户的时候不指定WITH GRANT OPTION选项导致后来该用户不能使用GRANT命令创建用户或者给其它用户授权。
备注：可以使用GRANT重复给用户添加权限，权限叠加，比如你先给用户添加一个select权限，然后又给用户添加一个insert权限，那么该用户就同时拥有了select和insert权限。
刷新权限使用这个命令使权限生效，尤其是你对那些权限表user、db、host等做了update或者delete更新的时候。以前遇到过使用grant后权限没有更新的情况，只要对权限做了更改就使用FLUSH PRIVILEGES命令来刷新权限。

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看权限查看当前用户的权限：

mysql> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看某个用户的权限：

mysql> show grants for 'jack'@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for jack@%                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'jack'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*9BCDC990E611B8D852EFAF1E3919AB6AC8C8A9F0' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

回收权限

mysql> revoke delete on *.* from 'jack'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

删除用户

mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user | password                                  |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root |                                           |
| rhel5.4   | root |                                           |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |                                           |
| ::1       | root |                                           |
| localhost |      |                                           |
| rhel5.4   |      |                                           |
| localhost | jack | *9BCDC990E611B8D852EFAF1E3919AB6AC8C8A9F0 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user 'jack'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

对账户重命名

mysql> rename user 'jack'@'%' to 'jim'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改密码用set password命令

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

用mysqladmin

[root@rhel5 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password 1234abcd

格式：mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码

用update直接编辑user表

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('1234abcd') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在丢失root密码的时候：

mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[root@rhel5 ~]# 130911 09:35:33 mysqld_safe Logging to '/mysql/mysql5.5/data/rhel5.4.err'.
130911 09:35:33 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /mysql/mysql5.5/data

[root@rhel5 ~]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.22 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.22, for Linux (i686) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        2
Current database:    
Current user:        root@
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.5.22 Source distribution
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:            36 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 23  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 18  Queries per second avg: 0.138
--------------

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set password = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)