RDF 1.2 reification examples (DRAFT 2025.05.30)

1. Labelled Property Graphs

See the RDF 1.2 and LPGs document.

2. Example of multi-edge

@PREFIX lvn: <https://lasvegasnevada.gov/resource/> .

<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:w1 >> 
   a :marriage ; 
   :hasInterval [:start 1964 ; :end 1974] .
   
<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:w2 >> 
   a :marriage ; 
   :hasInterval [:start 1975 ; :end 1976] .

<< :richard :married :liz  ~  lvn:w1 >> a :Marriage .
<< :richard :married :liz  ~  lvn:w2 >> a :Marriage .

3. Example of provenance

@PREFIX lvn: <https://lasvegasnevada.gov/resource/> .

<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:t1 >> a rdf:TripleToken ;
    :in-graph <http://lasvegasnevada.gov/weddings> ;
    :stored-by :mary ;
    :on-date "1964-03-12Z"^^xsd:date ;
    rdfs:seeAlso lvn:w1 .

<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:t2 >> a rdf:TripleToken ;
    :in-graph <http://lasvegasnevada.gov/weddings> ;
    :stored-by :paul ;
    :on-date "1975-03-13Z"^^xsd:date ;
    rdfs:seeAlso lvn:w2 .

4. Example of provenance with nested triple terms

@PREFIX prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .

_:b rdf:reifies <<( _:a rdf:reifies <<( :s :p :o )>> )>> .
_:a prov:invalidatedAtTime "2024-09-02T01:31:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime .
_:b prov:wasAttributedTo :lab-technician-FE-56 .

5. Example of data integration

@PREFIX lvn: <https://lasvegasnevada.gov/resource/> .

# graph 1
<< :liz :married _:h  ~  lvn:w1 >> a :Marriage ; :starts 1964.
<< :liz :married _:h  ~  lvn:w2 >> a :Marriage ; :starts 1975.
_:h owl:sameAs :richard .
<< :richard :married :liz  ~  lvn:w1 >> a :Marriage ; :ends 1974 .

# graph 2
<< :richard :married-in :las-vegas  ~  lvn:w2 >> :best-man :jim-benton .
<< :liz :married-on 1975  ~  lvn:w2 >> :location :las-vegas .
lvn:w2 :groom :richard .
lvn:w2 :bride :liz .

6. Example of multiple support

<< :bill-clinton :related-to :hillary-rodham  ~  _:w3 >> :starts 1975 .
<< :42nd-potus :husband :1st-female-NY-senator  ~  _:w3 >> :starts 1975 .

7. Example of distinct reifiers

@PREFIX lvn: <https://lasvegasnevada.gov/resource/> .

<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:t1 >> a :TripleToken .
lvn:t1 :added-in lvn:rdf-registry ; :stored-by :john .
lvn:t1 :on-date "2006-03-12Z"^^xsd:date .
lvn:t1 :provenance lvn:database-1975-123973q2 .

<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:c1 >> a lvn:WeddingCertificate .
lvn:c1 lvn:wedding-starts 1975 .

<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:c2 >> a lvn:WeddingCertificate .
lvn:c2 lvn:wedding-starts 1964 .

<< :liz :married :richard  ~  lvn:c3 >> a lvn:WeddingCertificate .
lvn:c3 lvn:wedding-starts 1971 .

lvn:c1 :printed-on "2020-10-11Z"^^xsd:date .
lvn:c2 :printed-on "2021-03-12Z"^^xsd:date .
lvn:c3 :printed-on "2021-03-12Z"^^xsd:date .

8. Examples of statements about statements

<< :paul :loves :mary  ~  _:s1 >> a :Fact ; :uttered-by :john .
<< :paul :loves :mary  ~  _:s2 >> a :Fact ; :confuted-by :paul .

:john :believes
  << _:s1 | 
    << :liz :spouse :richard  ~  [] >>
      :starts 1964 >> .
:s1 :certified-by :us-census .

:paul :believes
  << _:s2 | 
    << :liz :spouse :richard  ~  [] >>
      :starts 1955 >> .