ChromeOS on ARM - vmlemon/understand GitHub Wiki

64-bit Executables

Although ARM64 ELF binaries can be run in Crostini, execution will fail, with a misleading error, if copied into the main ChromeOS file system, under /usr/local/bin, or /usr/local/sbin:

chronos@localhost ~/Downloads $ sudo /usr/local/bin/i2cdetect 
sudo: unable to execute /usr/local/bin/i2cdetect: No such file or directory
chronos@localhost ~/Downloads $ sudo strace /usr/local/bin/i2cdetect 
execve("/usr/local/bin/i2cdetect", ["/usr/local/bin/i2cdetect"], 0xff8322c0 /* 16 vars */) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
strace: exec: No such file or directory
+++ exited with 1 +++

ChromeBrew will only build 32-bit executables, and the objdump utility will not recognise 64-bit ones:

chronos@localhost ~/Downloads $ file  /usr/local/bin/c++-10.2.1 
/usr/local/bin/c++-10.2.1: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

chronos@localhost ~/Downloads $ objdump -x  /usr/local/bin/c++-10.2.1 

/usr/local/bin/c++-10.2.1:     file format elf32-littlearm
/usr/local/bin/c++-10.2.1
architecture: armv7, flags 0x00000112:
EXEC_P, HAS_SYMS, D_PAGED
start address 0x00015e68

Program Header:
0x70000001 off    0x000cdc10 vaddr 0x000ddc10 paddr 0x000ddc10 align 2**2
         filesz 0x000011a8 memsz 0x000011a8 flags r--
    PHDR off    0x00000034 vaddr 0x00010034 paddr 0x00010034 align 2**2
         filesz 0x00000140 memsz 0x00000140 flags r--
  INTERP off    0x00000174 vaddr 0x00010174 paddr 0x00010174 align 2**0
         filesz 0x00000019 memsz 0x00000019 flags r--
    LOAD off    0x00000000 vaddr 0x00010000 paddr 0x00010000 align 2**16
         filesz 0x000cedbc memsz 0x000cedbc flags r-x
    LOAD off    0x000cf438 vaddr 0x000ef438 paddr 0x000ef438 align 2**16
         filesz 0x00001718 memsz 0x00004298 flags rw-
 DYNAMIC off    0x000cff00 vaddr 0x000eff00 paddr 0x000eff00 align 2**2
         filesz 0x00000100 memsz 0x00000100 flags rw-
    NOTE off    0x00000190 vaddr 0x00010190 paddr 0x00010190 align 2**2
         filesz 0x00000020 memsz 0x00000020 flags r--
     TLS off    0x000cf438 vaddr 0x000ef438 paddr 0x000ef438 align 2**2
         filesz 0x00000000 memsz 0x0000000c flags r--
   STACK off    0x00000000 vaddr 0x00000000 paddr 0x00000000 align 2**4
         filesz 0x00000000 memsz 0x00000000 flags rw-
   RELRO off    0x000cf438 vaddr 0x000ef438 paddr 0x000ef438 align 2**0
         filesz 0x00000bc8 memsz 0x00000bc8 flags r--

Dynamic Section:
  NEEDED               libm.so.6
  NEEDED               libc.so.6
  NEEDED               ld-linux-armhf.so.3
  INIT                 0x00011ca8
  FINI                 0x000705fc
  INIT_ARRAY           0x000ef438
  INIT_ARRAYSZ         0x0000000c
  FINI_ARRAY           0x000ef444
  FINI_ARRAYSZ         0x00000004
  HASH                 0x000101b0
  GNU_HASH             0x000105dc
  STRTAB               0x00011238
  SYMTAB               0x000109d8
  STRSZ                0x000004d2
  SYMENT               0x00000010
  DEBUG                0x00000000
  PLTGOT               0x000f0000
  PLTRELSZ             0x000003e0
  PLTREL               0x00000011
  JMPREL               0x000118c8
  REL                  0x00011878
  RELSZ                0x00000050
  RELENT               0x00000008
  VERNEED              0x00011818
  VERNEEDNUM           0x00000002
  VERSYM               0x0001170a

Version References:
  required from ld-linux-armhf.so.3:
    0x0d696914 0x00 05 GLIBC_2.4
  required from libc.so.6:
    0x0d696919 0x00 04 GLIBC_2.9
    0x06969191 0x00 03 GLIBC_2.11
    0x0d696914 0x00 02 GLIBC_2.4
private flags = 0x5000400: [Version5 EABI] [hard-float ABI]

Sections:
Idx Name          Size      VMA       LMA       File off  Algn
  0 .interp       00000019  00010174  00010174  00000174  2**0
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  1 .note.ABI-tag 00000020  00010190  00010190  00000190  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  2 .hash         0000042c  000101b0  000101b0  000001b0  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  3 .gnu.hash     000003fc  000105dc  000105dc  000005dc  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  4 .dynsym       00000860  000109d8  000109d8  000009d8  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  5 .dynstr       000004d2  00011238  00011238  00001238  2**0
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  6 .gnu.version  0000010c  0001170a  0001170a  0000170a  2**1
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  7 .gnu.version_r 00000060  00011818  00011818  00001818  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  8 .rel.dyn      00000050  00011878  00011878  00001878  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
  9 .rel.plt      000003e0  000118c8  000118c8  000018c8  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
 10 .init         0000000c  00011ca8  00011ca8  00001ca8  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
 11 .plt          000005e4  00011cb4  00011cb4  00001cb4  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
 12 .text         0005e364  00012298  00012298  00002298  2**3
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
 13 .fini         00000008  000705fc  000705fc  000605fc  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
 14 .rodata       0006cf10  00070608  00070608  00060608  2**3
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
 15 .ARM.extab    000006f8  000dd518  000dd518  000cd518  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
 16 .ARM.exidx    000011a8  000ddc10  000ddc10  000cdc10  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
 17 .eh_frame     00000004  000dedb8  000dedb8  000cedb8  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
 18 .tbss         0000000c  000ef438  000ef438  000cf438  2**2
                  ALLOC, THREAD_LOCAL
 19 .init_array   0000000c  000ef438  000ef438  000cf438  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
 20 .fini_array   00000004  000ef444  000ef444  000cf444  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
 21 .data.rel.ro  00000ab8  000ef448  000ef448  000cf448  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
 22 .dynamic      00000100  000eff00  000eff00  000cff00  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
 23 .got          0000031c  000f0000  000f0000  000d0000  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
 24 .data         00000834  000f031c  000f031c  000d031c  2**2
                  CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
 25 .bss          00002b80  000f0b50  000f0b50  000d0b50  2**3
                  ALLOC
 26 .comment      0000002c  00000000  00000000  000d0b50  2**0
                  CONTENTS, READONLY
 27 .ARM.attributes 00000035  00000000  00000000  000d0b7c  2**0
                  CONTENTS, READONLY
SYMBOL TABLE:
no symbols


chronos@localhost ~/Downloads $ file /usr/local/bin/i2cdetect 
/usr/local/bin/i2cdetect: ELF 64-bit LSB pie executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1, for GNU/Linux 3.7.0, BuildID[sha1]=671c7085ee8b748af840591576f3dc960400a6be, stripped

chronos@localhost ~/Downloads $ objdump -x /usr/local/bin/i2cdetect 
objdump: /usr/local/bin/i2cdetect: file format not recognized

The ì2cdetect binary was obtained from the Crostini Debian environment repositories, and is not supplied by ChromeOS, or ChromeBrew.

Astah Professional installation

Astah Professional requires that the Java Development Kit be installed, and will complain about certain versions being unsupported. Versions for ARM64 are available, from the AdoptOpenJDK project, that are compatible with Crostini.
Download the OpenJDK8U-jdk_aarch64_linux_hotspot_jdk8u282-b08.tar.gz TARBall, and extract it to /opt
Use the Debian packages, from https://astah.net/downloads/, to install Astah products, with dpkg -i
It is now possible to run /opt/jdk8u282-b08/bin/java -Xms16m -Xmx384m -Djava.library.path=/usr/lib/astah_professional/lib/rlm -splash:/usr/lib/astah_professional/astah_splash_professional.png -jar /usr/lib/astah_professional/astah-pro.jar, to launch Astah. Larger models will require the stack/heap allocation adjusting, to enable PNG exporting to work reliably.
On high-DPI devices, like the Lenovo ChromeBook Duet, workarounds may be necessary to tune the scaling of Astah windows, to make working more comfortable

Astah Hi-DPI, with Java 9

Officially, Astah is incompatible with Java 9, but it is possible to force it to run, with 200% scaling, using the following command: /opt/jdk-9+181/bin/java -Xms16m -Xmx384m -Djava.library.path=/usr/lib/astah_professional/lib/rlm -splash:/usr/lib/astah_professional/astah_splash_professional.png -Dsun.java2d.uiScale=200% -jar /usr/lib/astah_professional/astah-pro.jar -nojvchk

Astah will launch, and display the following error, on standard output, as well as an error dialogue, that should be confirmed:

  WARNING!: This Java version is not supported in Astah. Supported Java version is 1.8.0_272 or later.
Note that Astah can not be used with version 9 or later.
Current Java version: 9
WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
WARNING: Illegal reflective access by org.apache.felix.framework.util.SecureAction$Actions (file:/usr/lib/astah_professional/lib/org.apache.felix.framework.jar) to method java.net.URLClassLoader.addURL(java.net.URL)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of org.apache.felix.framework.util.SecureAction$Actions
WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal reflective access operations
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
ERROR: Unable to resolve 0 (java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: name can't be empty)
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: name can't be empty
        at java.base/java.security.BasicPermission.init(BasicPermission.java:93)
        at java.base/java.security.BasicPermission.<init>(BasicPermission.java:130)
        at org.osgi.framework.CapabilityPermission.<init>(CapabilityPermission.java:205)
        at org.osgi.framework.CapabilityPermission.<init>(CapabilityPermission.java:158)
        at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleWiringImpl.<init>(BundleWiringImpl.java:366)
        at org.apache.felix.framework.StatefulResolver.markResolvedRevisions(StatefulResolver.java:650)
        at org.apache.felix.framework.StatefulResolver.resolve(StatefulResolver.java:189)
        at org.apache.felix.framework.Felix.init(Felix.java:673)
        at com.change_vision.astah.extension.plugin.PluginManager.e(X:141)
        at com.change_vision.astah.extension.plugin.PluginManager.start(X:81)
        at JP.co.esm.caddies.jomt.d.run(X:649)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:844)
Exception in thread "starting plugin" java.lang.IllegalStateException: org.osgi.framework.BundleException: Unresolved constraint in System Bundle:null
        at com.change_vision.astah.extension.plugin.PluginManager.e(X:143)
        at com.change_vision.astah.extension.plugin.PluginManager.start(X:81)
        at JP.co.esm.caddies.jomt.d.run(X:649)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:844)
Caused by: org.osgi.framework.BundleException: Unresolved constraint in System Bundle:null
        at org.apache.felix.framework.Felix.init(Felix.java:680)
        at com.change_vision.astah.extension.plugin.PluginManager.e(X:141)
        ... 3 more

This is not officially supported by ChangeVision, and may break certain functionality. Java 9 for ARM64 is available from https://adoptopenjdk.net/releases.html?variant=openjdk9&jvmVariant=hotspot, in the [https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk9-binaries/releases/download/jdk-9%2B181/OpenJDK9U-jdk_aarch6 4_linux_hotspot_9_181.tar.gz](OpenJDK9U-jdk_aarch6 4_linux_hotspot_9_181.tar.gz) package - install it in the same way, as Java 8.

BorgBackup (Native)

ChromeOS has a complex mesh of virtualised, and native file systems, and provides differing levels of access to user, and operating system data, depending on whether you are working in Crouton, Crostini, the Android runtime environment, or on the bare Developer Mode shell (CROSH)
Whilst it is possible to use TAR-over-SSH to back up the raw NAND blocks, or the root filesystem to a Borg instance, without installing Borg on ChromeOS, from within a root CROSH environment, this will not work with services like BorgBase, that do not provide a freely-usable shell environment
CromeBrew can be used, to install a low-level set of tools, including Python 3, PIP, the OpenSSL headers, and and the libacl development package, as prerequisites for BorgBackup
After installing these, using the crew command, pip3.9 install borgbackup can be used, to install Borg
To be able to access all files within the file system, the borg utility should be run using sudo

x86-64 Emulation, and WINE/CrossOver

QEMU can run on ChromeOS, under Crostini, or Crouton, however, binfmt_misc support seems to be non-functional, so trying to use QEMU's user-mode binary translation transparently will not be possible:

tysonkey@penguin:~$ ls -l /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
total 0

tysonkey@penguin:~$ sudo update-binfmts --enable
mount: /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc: permission denied.
update-binfmts: warning: Couldn't mount the binfmt_misc filesystem on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc.

Trying to install CrossOver will not succeed, even with MultiArch support for AMD64 enabled, using the technique described in the [QEMU User Emulation](https://wiki.debian.org/QemuUserEmulation) page, on the Debian Wiki:

crossover:amd64 : Depends: lib32z1:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: perl:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: python3:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: python3-gi:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: python3-dbus:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: gir1.2-pango-1.0:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: gir1.2-glib-2.0:amd64 but it is not going to be installed Depends: gir1.2-vte-2.91:amd64 but it is not going to be installed

It is possible to install these components, manually, but this will break package management, until the CrossOver package is removed:

tysonkey@penguin:~$ sudo dpkg -i crossover_20.0.4-1.deb Selecting previously unselected package crossover:amd64. (Reading database ... 134910 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack crossover_20.0.4-1.deb ... Unpacking crossover:amd64 (20.0.4-1) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of crossover:amd64: crossover:amd64 depends on perl. crossover:amd64 depends on python3. crossover:amd64 depends on python3-gi. crossover:amd64 depends on python3-dbus.

dpkg: error processing package crossover:amd64 (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: crossover:amd64

Running the ```cxsetup``` shell script, directly will work, although it will bail, with being unable to locate certain 
dependencies:

tysonkey@penguin:~$ /opt/cxoffice/bin/cxsetup Could not install some Unix packages Some errors may prevent CrossOver Linux from working correctly.

The following issues can be fixed:

https://www.codeweavers.com/support/wiki/Diag/python-vte-2-91 (32-bit) apt-get install gir1.2-vte-2.91
https://www.codeweavers.com/support/wiki/Diag/python3-dbus (32-bit) apt-get install python3-dbus

xkbcommon: ERROR: Key "" added to modifier map for multiple modifiers; Using Mod3, ignoring Lock


Trying to invoke it through QEMU will fail, as it does not support running BASH scripts:

tysonkey@penguin:~~$ qemu-x86_64 /opt/cxoffice/bin/cxsetup Error while loading /opt/cxoffice/bin/cxsetup: Exec format error tysonkey@penguin:~~$ file /opt/cxoffice/bin/cxsetup /opt/cxoffice/bin/cxsetup: symbolic link to crossover tysonkey@penguin:~~$ qemu-x86_64 /opt/cxoffice/bin/crossover Error while loading /opt/cxoffice/bin/crossover: Exec format error tysonkey@penguin:~~$ file /opt/cxoffice/bin/crossover /opt/cxoffice/bin/crossover: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable

Installing the x86-64 versions of the prerequisites will cause the ARM64 version of Python to be removed, along with everything else that depends upon it, so attempting this is not recommended!

Creating Bottles will also fail:

tysonkey@penguin:~$ /opt/cxoffice/bin/cxbottle --bottle DemoBottle --create Use of uninitialized value $value in string ne at /opt/cxoffice/lib/perl/CXRWConfig.pm line 190. Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /opt/cxoffice/lib/perl/CXRWConfig.pm line 152. /opt/cxoffice/bin/wineloader: 1: /opt/cxoffice/bin/wineloader: Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")") setup:error: 'rundll32 win98Install crossover.inf' failed cxbottle:error: unable to create the 'DemoBottle' bottle in '/home/tysonkey/.cxoffice/DemoBottle'