k sizes - thomas-z8/chia-blockchain GitHub Wiki
Warning
Since the release of Beta 14 on the 1st of October 2020. All the below data is outdated and obsolete. It only serve as historical data.
One exception is the final .plot size of k values. To get some insight into the new features of the plotter check out this post in the Discussions forum.
k=32 is now the minimum plot size that will be eligible for mainnet at the end of the year. More here.
Plots larger than k=32
There was an oversight in Beta 14. For plots larger than k=32 the default buffer will not be enough to complete a plot. For k=33 a -b 3077 is the absolute minimum needed with the rest of the defaults. A -b 3139 will have better results by completing far more sorts in memory. More recommendations for 34-36 coming soon.
OVH Virtual Private Server (Kimsufi)
- Processor:
- Memory:
- Motherboard:
- Storage:
i9-9900 Gaming Desktop, Z390
- Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9900 CPU @ 3.10GHz (turbo up to 5GHz)
- Memory: 2x 32GiB DIMM DDR4 2666MHz
- Motherboard: Asus TUF Z390-PRO GAMING
- Storage: -t Intel SSD DC P4600 Series, 3.2TB NVMe, first run on 750GB Optane P4800X
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization (phase 1) |
CPU Total |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
68.52 |
248.12 |
101.32 |
0.408345698 |
286.57 |
365% |
171.36% |
-b 4096 -u 128 -r 16 |
b14 |
single |
| 32 |
204.37 |
596.60 |
101.30 |
0.169795508 |
286 |
184.7 |
128.6 |
-b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 |
b14 |
8 at once, 1.36 GiB/min total |
mini ITX NAS build
- Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-9600K CPU @ 4.20GHz
- Memory: 2x 16GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2667 MHz
- Storage: -t Intel SSD DC P4600 Series, 3.2TB NVMe
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization (phase 1) |
CPU Total |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
130.12 |
359.65 |
101.36 |
0.282 |
286.647 |
172.71 |
123.08 |
-b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 -t |
b14 |
running 5 in parallel |
| 32 |
155.28 |
389.45 |
101.326 |
0.260 |
286.58 |
150.33 |
116.86 |
-b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 -t |
b14 |
|
| 32 |
144.07 |
378.38 |
101.32 |
0.268 |
286.573 |
159.03 |
119.24 |
-b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 -t |
b14 |
|
Fedora Server 32
- AMD Ryzen 7 3800x
- 128 GB RAM
- LVM Software RAID-0, 2x NVME Gigabyte Aorus 1TB
- --
| k |
Phase 1 F1/Total (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/min |
working (GiB) |
CPU Phase 1 |
CPU Total |
-b |
-r |
-u |
-s |
Version |
| 32 |
4.36/89.80 |
266.63 |
101.337 |
0.3800 |
286.601 |
220.730% |
140.130% |
26,700 |
8 |
128 |
1048576 |
1.14 |
| 32 |
4.33/84.82 |
263.58 |
101.418 |
0.3800 |
286.601 |
308.550% |
166.400% |
5,000 |
16 |
128 |
65536 |
1.14 |
Various k size statistics - Current - Beta 8 and newer
These results from various machines should give a sense of how long and how much space a plot will take on different hardware. The first section is from Beta 1.8 or newer. Historical data is below and is currently still useful at the Beta 1.8 stage. Please add yours here or post the details in the #testnet channel of the Keybase Chat. The theory and process of plotting are described in the Chia Proof of Space Construction document.
estimated space = 0.762 * k * 2^k bytes
| k |
space GiB |
temp GiB |
space GB |
temp GB |
| 28 |
5.33 |
32.00 |
5.73 |
34.36 |
| 29 |
11.05 |
66.29 |
11.86 |
71.18 |
| 30 |
22.86 |
137.16 |
24.55 |
147.27 |
| 31 |
47.24 |
283.46 |
50.73 |
304.37 |
| 32 |
97.54 |
585.22 |
104.73 |
628.37 |
| 33 |
201.17 |
1207.01 |
216.00 |
1296.01 |
| 34 |
414.53 |
2487.17 |
445.10 |
2670.58 |
| 35 |
853.44 |
5120.64 |
916.37 |
5498.25 |
AWS EC2 r5d.8xlarge - Pre release Beta 12
- Processor: 32 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
- Memory: 256GiB
- Storage: tempdir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD (Ubuntu 20.04) finaldir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 30 |
84.9 |
168.1 |
23.8 |
0.142 |
67.3 |
98.11 % |
192 GiB |
pre 1.12 |
|
| 31 |
178.1 |
359.0 |
49.2 |
0.140 |
135.0 |
95.52 % |
192 GiB |
pre 1.12 |
|
| 32 |
399.5 |
796.0 |
101.2 |
0.127 |
391.0 |
92.50 % |
192 GiB |
pre 1.12 |
|
Dell Inspiron Desktop
- Intel Hexacore i5 8400
- 8 GiB DDR4
- Western Digital WD7500AYYS 750GB 7200 RPM
- ~ write
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
1526.128 |
4253.52 |
101.3 |
0.024 |
529 |
100 %. |
default |
1.9 |
Using Native Window Plotter, not WSL2 |
Dell Inspiron Desktop
- Intel Hexacore i5 8400
- 8 GiB DDR4
- Toshiba dt01aca100 7200 RPM - 1TB Hard Drive
- ~ write
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
1001.865 |
2572.58 |
101.3 |
0.039 |
529 |
100 %. |
default |
1.9 |
Using Native Window Plotter, not WSL2 |
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
- 2.8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
- 16 GiB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
- APPLE SSD AP1024M
- ~ 2900 MB/s write
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 30 |
149.91 |
327.83 |
23.79 |
0.0726 |
125.93 |
83.74%. |
default |
1.8 |
|
Ubuntu 19.04
- Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2155 CPU @ 3.30GHz (10 cores)
- 64 GiB PC4-21300 DDR4-2666V-R REGISTERED ECC
- Western Digital 4 TB WD10EZEX
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 29 |
60.36 |
128.9 |
11.52 |
0.0893 |
61.00 |
81.77%. |
default |
1.8 |
|
| 30 |
131.25 |
302.8 |
23.82 |
0.0787 |
126.02 |
79.86%. |
default |
1.8 |
|
| 31 |
333.50 |
724.3 |
49.17 |
0.0679 |
262.04 |
70.66%. |
default |
1.8 |
|
| 32 |
674.69 |
1577.7 |
101.3 |
0.0642 |
523.93 |
63.74%. |
default |
1.8 |
|
| 33 |
1738.2 |
4285.56 |
208.8 |
0.0487 |
1095.91 |
52.53% |
default |
1.8 |
|
Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
- Intel(R) Xeon(R) E3-1270v6 CPU @ 3.80GHz (4 cores)
- Samsung(R) M391A2K43BB1-CRC 32GB (2x16GB) PC4-19200 DDR4 2400Mhz ECC
- Intel(R) P4510 NVMe SSD 1TB (2x1TB in RAID 1)
- fio 1 MiB randwrite: ~800 MiB/s; fio 4 KiB randwrite: ~360 MiB/s
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
352.47 |
854.27 |
101.36 |
0.1187 |
641.66 |
83.85% |
20000 |
1.11 |
used cli -f -p |
| 32 |
343.18 |
838.89 |
101.38 |
0.1209 |
621.71 |
84.43% |
20000 |
1.10 |
used cli -f -p |
| 32 |
378.90 |
869.49 |
101.37 |
0.1166 |
524.03 |
85.24% |
20000 |
1.9 |
used cli -f -p |
Razer Blade Stealth 2018
- Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHz, 2001 Mhz, 4 Core(s), 8 Logical Processor(s)
- 16 GiB RAM
- Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ
- Crystal - CDM 5 Write Seq: 1468 MB/s
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 31 |
278.5 |
613.09 |
49.134 |
0.0801 |
261.944 |
100.0% |
default |
1.8 |
|
Intel Pentium CPU G4500 in WSL2 on ext4
- Intel Pentium CPU G4500 @ 3.50Ghz - no AVX
- 8 GB RAM
- Samsung SSD 860 EVO 250GB
- ? MB/s
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 30 |
244.8 |
540.59 |
23.82 |
0.0441 |
126.014 |
83.62% |
default |
1.8 |
|
Intel Pentium CPU G4500 in Windows on NTFS
- Intel Pentium CPU G4500 @ 3.50Ghz - no AVX
- 8 GiB RAM
- Samsung SSD 860 EVO 250GB
- ? MB/s
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 30 |
153.6 |
359.62 |
23.83 |
0.0663 |
126.038 |
100% |
default |
1.8 |
|
AWS EC2 r5dn.12xlarge
- Processor: 48 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
- Memory: 374GiB
- Storage: tempdir: ramdisk of 310GiB (Ubuntu 18.04) finaldir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 30 |
81.50 |
165.49 |
23.80 |
0.14382 |
125.95 |
99.99%. |
64GiB |
1.8 |
|
| 31 |
185.59 |
361.67 |
49.17 |
0.13595 |
262.04 |
99.99%. |
64GiB |
1.8 |
|
AWS EC2 i3en.large
- Processor: 2 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Scalable (Skylake) processors with new Intel Advanced Vector Extension (AVX-512) instruction set @ 3.1 GHz
- Memory: 16 GiB
- Storage: 1 x 1,250 NVMe SSD
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
576.30 |
1360.41 |
101.338 |
0.0745 |
523.946 |
79.19%. |
6GiB |
1.8 |
|
AWS EC2 i3.xlarge
- Processor: 4 Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2686 v4 (Broadwell) CPU @ 2.30 GHZ
- Memory: 30.5 GiB
- Storage: 1 x 950 NVMe SSD
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
616.78 |
1340.32 |
101.338 |
0.0742 |
523.997 |
90.96%. |
20GiB |
1.8 |
|
Raspberry Pi 4
- Processor: Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz
- Memory: 4 GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM
- Storage: Samsung 860 EVO V-NAND SSD 1 TB (SATA to USB 3.0 connection)
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 30 |
448.87 |
919.50 |
23.8151 |
0.0259 |
125.996 |
92.92%. |
2GiB |
1.8 |
|
| 31 |
940.39 |
1958.23 |
49.1596 |
0.0251 |
262.008 |
92.45%. |
2GiB |
1.8 |
|
| 32 |
1857.45 |
3954.88 |
101.3680 |
0.0256 |
524.017 |
93.68%. |
2GiB |
1.8 |
|
| 32 |
1869.62 |
4311.85 |
101.2990 |
0.0235 |
523.855 |
85.38%. |
2.5GiB |
1.9 |
|
- Storage: Seagate Backup Plus 10 TB (USB 3.0 connection)
| k |
Phase 1 (min) |
Plot time (min) |
Plot size (GiB) |
GiB/minute |
working (GiB) |
CPU Utilization |
-b setting |
Version |
Note |
| 32 |
1649.80 |
3677.30 |
101.3180 |
0.0276 |
532.690 |
94.09%. |
1.8GiB |
1.10 |
|
Historical k sizes - Pre Beta 8 - incorrectly listed as GB - most should be GiB
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
- 2.8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
- 16 GB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
- APPLE SSD AP1024M
- ~ 2900 MB/s write
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 26 |
11.6 |
1.296 |
7.06 |
91.86% |
|
| 27 |
30.1 |
2.697 |
14.51 |
83.04% |
|
| 28 |
82.1 |
5.58 |
30.27 |
69.4% |
some use |
| 29 |
179 |
11.5 |
60.9 |
69.68% |
|
| 30 |
406.5 |
23.8 |
128 |
71.67% |
in use |
| 30 |
377 |
23.8 |
128 |
73.18% |
machine idle |
| 31 |
856.7 |
49.16 |
262.0 |
92.29% |
idle - last 80% |
iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017)
- 3.4 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i5
- 16 GB 2400 MHz DDR4
- 1TB Fusion Drive (Actually attached USB 3.0 4Tb RAID 1)
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
| 25 |
4.1 |
0.62 |
3.4 |
97.85 |
| 26 |
27 |
1.3 |
- |
- |
| 27 |
81 |
2.7 |
- |
- |
| 28 |
260 |
5.6 |
30.3 |
- |
| 29 |
787 |
11.5 |
61 |
- |
Ubuntu 19.04
- Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2155 CPU @ 3.30GHz (10 cores)
- 64 GB PC4-21300 DDR4-2666V-R REGISTERED ECC
- Western Digital 4 TB WD10EZEX
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 28 |
55.3 |
5.58 |
30.3 |
99.56% |
|
| 28 |
43 |
5.56 |
30.3 |
99.07% |
beta4 |
| 30 |
308 |
23.8 |
128 |
83.78% |
|
| 30 |
273 |
23.8 |
128 |
75.44% |
beta4 |
| 31 |
805 |
49.1 |
262 |
67.36% |
|
| 31 |
621 |
49.1 |
262 |
69.68% |
beta4 |
| 32 |
1,866 |
101.4 |
544 |
60.57% |
|
| 33 |
4663.5 |
208.8 |
1095.97 |
52.2% |
|
| 34 |
10,865.6 |
429.8 |
2,287 |
50.13% |
|
| 35 |
25,703 |
884.1 |
4672.2 |
39.45% |
|
AWS EC2 r5.12xlarge
- Processor: 48 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8175M CPU @ 2.50GHz
- Memory: 374GB
- Storage: Memory tempfs (Ubuntu 19.10)
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 31 |
425 |
49.15 |
262 |
99.99% |
alpha 1.3 |
AWS EC2 r5dn.12xlarge
- Processor: 48 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
- Memory: 374GB
- Storage: tempdir: ramdisk of 264GB (Ubuntu 18.04) finaldir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
GB/minute |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 26 |
9 |
1.3 |
7.1 |
0.144 |
99.99% |
pre-beta-1.5 |
| 27 |
20 |
2.7 |
14.5 |
0.135 |
99.99% |
pre-beta-1.5 |
| 28 |
37.5 |
5.57 |
30.2 |
0.149 |
99.99% |
pre-beta-1.5 |
| 30 |
200 |
23.8 |
128.1 |
0.119 |
99.99% |
pre-beta-1.5 |
| 31 |
412 |
49.14 |
262* |
0.119 |
99.99% |
actual working 267GB, chiapos 0.12.13 |
| 31 |
408.4 |
49.14 |
262* |
0.120 |
99.99% |
actual working 267GB, speedy branch |
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2017)
- 2,8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
- 16 GB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
- 251 GB (Flash Storage) Device Name: APPLE SSD SM0256L
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 30 |
559 |
23.79 |
217.94 |
61.65% |
alpha 1.0 |
| 30 |
614 |
23.8 |
127.992 |
61.13% |
alpha 1.1 |
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2017)
- Processor: 2,8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
- Memory: 16 GB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
- Storage: 1 TB (TOSHIBA HD)
- ~ - MB/s write
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 30 |
1512 |
23.838 |
128.05 |
27.59% |
alpha 1.0 |
Fedora Server 31
- Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor
- Memory: G-Skill 64 GB DDR4 3000MHz
- Storage: GIGABYTE AORUS NVMe Gen4 SSD 1 TB
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 31 |
571.5 |
49.15 |
261.99 |
71.17% |
beta 3.0 3 concurrent |
| 32 |
957 |
101.36 |
544.0 |
97.49% |
beta 3.0 |
Fedora Server 31
- Processor: AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2950X
- Memory: Corsair 128 GB DDR4 2133MHz
- Storage: LVM-RAID0 (3 x Inland Performance Gen4 SSD 1 TB)
| k |
plot time (minutes) |
plot size (GB) |
working (GB) |
CPU Utilization |
Note |
| 33 |
3093 |
208.85 |
1096.03 |
79.63% |
beta 3.0 2 concurrent |