Properties: : - aka beta coefficients or beta weights, are the estimates resulting from a regression analysis that have been standardized so that the variances of dependent and independent variables are 1.

• They refer to how many standard deviations a dependent variable will change, per standard deviation increase in the predictor variable.
• The absolute value of the unstandardized regression coefficient in simple linear regression equals the correlation between the independent and dependent variables.

Usage: : - Each variable can be standardized by subtracting its mean from each of its values and then dividing these new values by the standard deviation of the variable.

• usually done to answer the question of which of the independent variables have a greater effect on the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis, when the variables are measured in different units of measurement