Civil - sustany/dvg GitHub Wiki

In reference to law, �civil� is used primarily as a descriptive term to denote conflicts between private individuals.�Where in a�civil case�two or more individuals or private entities (such as�corporations) dispute their rights relative to each other (such as in a�contract�or a�tort), a�criminal case�involves the government attempting on behalf of its�citizens�to punish a person for violating its�criminal law.��

Some common uses of the term �civil� in a legal sense include:

• �Civil code� is the portion of�federal�or state�statutes�governing the legal relationships between individuals, such as obligations arising from contracts.
• While the term �civil law� is sometimes used to mean the same thing, that term also means a system of legal concepts mirroring the system of law in place in ancient Rome, as distinguished from�common law�systems, which are derived from the English legal tradition.
• �Civil liability� means the non-criminal legal obligations that arise out of an individual�s dealings with others.
• �Civil�remedies� usually refers to relief available to a�plaintiff�in a civil case.� Common civil remedies include�money damages�and�injunctions.
• �Civil rights� are the enforceable rights enjoyed by each citizen stemming from notions of equality, the violation of which creates a claim for injury.
• As distinguished from civil rights,�civil liberties�is generally the term used to describe the rights and freedoms created by the�US Constitution.
• �Civil procedure� is the broad term used for the rules used by a court as it conducts a civil case from its inception through the�trial.
• �Civil forfeiture� is the act of seizure by a government of property owned by someone suspected of a crime.