Cartel - sustany/dvg GitHub Wiki

A cartel is a group of independent corporations or other entities that join together to fix prices, rig bids, allocate markets, or conduct other similar illegal activities. Cartel conduct is mainly subject to�criminal�penalties under United States antitrust laws, although there are some cartel conduct, such as monopolization, resale price maintenance, etc. are subject to�civil penalties.

The Sherman Act�and�Clayton Acts�are the two main laws regulating cartels. Although the Sherman Act set the�maximum corporate fine�as $100 million, there were�32 fines�over this amount in the past decade (not include the ones that are just at $100 million). The Department of Justice (DOJ) relies on�18 U.S.C. � 3571(d)�when seeking to impose higher fines. For example, DOJ has successfully obtained a fine of $500 million against�F. Hoffman-La Roche�for its price-rigging conduct in an international vitamin cartel.

See e.g., In re London Silver Fixing, Ltd. 213 F. Supp. 3d 530 (S.D.N.Y. 2016)