Interface language

Deutsch

The panel shows its interface in English or in German. SETUP, APPLICATION, Language picks it (ENGLISH, DEUTSCH). The choice is applied with the theme, so the next frame is drawn in the new language; nothing restarts. It is kept in NVS (non-volatile storage) like every setting, once SAVE takes it.

What follows the language and what does not

Follows the language	Stays as it is
labels, setting names and their help, alerts in the band, warning panels, refusal notes, the splash's details	the terms listed under Terms that stay English
the servo test's TXT (plain text) report, in the language showing when the run starts	the servo test's CSV (comma-separated values) file: its header and the words in its rows (test, phase, mode), so tools read every run alike
the stick programmer's notes and refusals, and an ESC profile's manual steps where the profile gives them in German (action_de)	the ESC (electronic speed controller) profiles' names, items and values, which are the manuals'
	the programmer's parameter names and their values, which are the firmware's own, as its configurators show them
	the console log

Current limitations:

• An alert already on the band keeps the language it was raised in until it is replaced, tapped away or cleared after 30 s (UI_ALERT_SHOW_S). The alert held for a touch controller that did not answer at start is raised in the language kept in NVS and stays until restart; without touch the language cannot change meanwhile.
• The message line of LOG VIEWER (a file that cannot be opened or deleted, a deleted file) keeps its language until the next file opened or deleted replaces or clears it.
• The title of a keypad or a choice list already open keeps its language until it closes.
• The stick engine reports a refusal in English, and the screen finds the translation by that English. A refusal the table does not know is shown in English. test_text checks that every refusal the compiled-in profiles produce has a German entry.

Numbers

The screens, the TXT report and the CSV write the decimal point in every language: 7.4 V, 0.05 A. It is the separator of the transmitter, the ESC configurators and the supply's own display, and a CSV with a decimal comma would need a different field separator. The German pages of this documentation write the German decimal comma in their prose (7,4 V); a string quoted from the screen keeps its point (seit 1.5 s kein Messwert).

Terms that stay English

These are the words an operator meets on the transmitter, in an ESC configurator, a manual or a datasheet, and the safety controls, which read the same in every language. A translated ARM would not match the word in the manual beside the bench.

• The safety and drive controls: ARM, DISARM, STOP, SWEEP, PAUSE. The SERVO rows are German where the word has a German equivalent: TRIMMUNG, UMKEHREN, PULS MITTE; the button that moves the servo to the centre reads ZENTRIEREN. HOLD stays English as the servo test's phase name. PAUSED, the sweep button of a paused sweep, is a state rather than the control and reads PAUSIERT; PAUSE, the control, stays English.
• The screen titles: MOTOR & ESC, SERVO, SUPPLY, ANALYSER, LOGS, SETUP, SETTINGS, BATTERY, BALANCE, PROGRAMMER, OUTPUTS, PICK A PIN, LOG VIEWER, CAN BUS FAULT, LINK LOST, FILES & UPDATE, PANEL UPDATE. A note that names a screen names it by its title: "der Seite SUPPLY".
• Protocol and mode names: DShot, PWM (pulse-width modulation), PPM (pulse-position modulation), OneShot, S.BUS, CAN (Controller Area Network), BLHeli_S, AM32, ESCape32, VESC, KISS, PD mini, AUTO, CV (constant voltage), CC (constant current), STANDARD PWM, HELI CYCLIC, ESC STICK, BUS OFF, and the status band's BENCH and SIM.
• The bench's state words, short enough for their place: SAFE and ARMED on the status band. ARM and DISARM are the buttons; SAFE and ARMED are the states.
• The field's own terms: Failsafe, Brown-out, Timing, Endpoint, Live, Online, Touch, Display, Pin, Slot, Slice, Pad, Resync, Bad tail, tx err, rx err, bus err, Frame, Upload, Build.
• Units, the stick positions MIN, MID and MAX, and the key legends DEL, CLR and OK.
• The vendor tool's names of a KST or Chaservo servo's settings, as the rows of the servo programmer: DEAD BAND, MAX. DUTY, BOOST, STRETCH, SOFT START, NEUTRAL, PULSE LOWER, PULSE UPPER, LEFT ANGLE, RIGHT ANGLE, REVERSION and the rows of its LOCKED tab; and PORT, BACKUP and Pairing.

Glossary

One German word per English concept, on every screen and in the report.

English	German
bench	Prüfstand
supply	Netzteil
output	Ausgang
set point	Sollwert
commanded pulse (SERVO, COMMANDED)	SOLL-PULSBREITE, like PULS MIN, PULS MITTE and PULS MAX; the supply's SET line is SOLL
input (of a supply), wiring (the PD mini's connections)	Eingang, Anschlüsse
current limit	Strombegrenzung
cap	Grenze (Obergrenze only for the upper end of a pair)
trip (the supply's own cut-off), current trip, voltage trip	Abschaltung (ABGESCHALTET on the MODE card), Überstrom, Überspannung
card	Karte
run	Lauf
step (of the supply)	Stufe
report	Bericht
reading	Messwert
setting (a SETUP entry)	Einstellung
SETTINGS (a screen's own overlay)	OPTIONEN
save, reset, apply, close	speichern, zurücksetzen, übernehmen, schließen
cancel, abort	abbrechen
hold to …	… halten
refused	abgelehnt
screen (a page of the interface)	Seite
screen (the display)	Anzeige
coprocessor	Koprozessor
emergency stop	Not-Aus
board	Platine
pack, cell, spread (between cells)	Akku, Zelle, Unterschied
peak	Spitze (max on a card)
idle current, holding current	Ruhestrom, Haltestrom
travel, travel time	Weg, Stellzeit
stall	blockieren
movement, dwell, settle	Bewegung, Haltezeit, Einschwingzeit
paused (the sweep button)	PAUSIERT
speed (of the servo test), range	Tempo, Bereich
device under test	Prüfling
pass, fail, aborted (a verdict)	bestanden, nicht bestanden, abgebrochen
FAULT (a state)	FEHLER
ON, OFF	EIN, AUS
beep	Piepton
item, value (of an ESC menu)	Punkt, Wert
entry (into an ESC menu), power-up	Einstieg, Einschalten
manual step (at the ESC), MANUAL INTERVENTION REQUIRED, the MANUAL tag	Handgriff, MANUELLER EINGRIFF NÖTIG, MANUELL
DONE (a manual step confirmed)	ERLEDIGT
threshold	Schwelle
defaults	Vorgaben
channel	Kanal
probe (of the CAN self-test)	Testframe
terminator, branch (of a bus)	Abschluss, Stichleitung
separator, row, column	Trennzeichen, Zeile, Spalte
Wi-Fi	WLAN
network, home network, network name, hidden network	Netzwerk, Heimnetz, Netzwerkname, verstecktes Netzwerk
forget (a saved network), unbind	löschen
access code	Zugangscode
upload, download	hochladen, herunterladen
firmware (a file), install, download (the panel update's hold)	Firmware, installieren, laden
plot, table	Grafik, Tabelle
simulated, modelled (computed by the panel)	simuliert
model (an aircraft, an ESC product)	Modell
protocol page (of the link)	Page
floor (of the current, stick programmer)	Grund
horn (of a servo)	Ruderhorn
start (a run)	starten, START on a button
surface (an output's role)	Ruder
connect, disconnect, read (a device), write	verbinden, trennen, auslesen, schreiben
refresh (a list), rescan	aktualisieren
restore (a backup to a servo)	zurückspielen
enable (the write to a servo)	freigeben
record (of an interrupted write)	Vermerk
store (a backup), stored	speichern, gespeichert
verify (a servo against what was read)	prüfen
locked (a value shown and not written)	gesperrt
speed, speed limit (of a programmed servo)	Tempo, Tempogrenze
link (to the coprocessor), NO LINK	Verbindung, KEINE VERBINDUNG
binding (a pin's role), bind	Zuordnung, zuordnen
frame rate (of a servo)	Pulsrate
throttle	Gas
access point (the panel's own Wi-Fi)	WLAN-Hotspot
servo programmer	Servoprogrammierung
log (a recording), log run	Aufzeichnung, Aufzeichnungslauf
IP address	IP-Adresse
acknowledge, confirm	bestätigen
SILENT (the ANALYSER's verdict)	KEIN SIGNAL

A label is a noun where a noun will do. An instruction speaks to the operator in the du-imperative (Prüfe, Tippe, Halte); no "Sie". An uppercase label writes ß as SS (SCHLIESSEN, GRÖSSE); mixed-case text writes ß. The capital ẞ (U+1E9E) is not in the fonts.

The encoding

Every string is UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format, 8-bit), from the C source to the TXT report on the card. gfx decodes it, and one code point is one cell:

• The two text faces hold printable ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, 0x20 to 0x7E) and the seven German letters Ä Ö Ü ß ä ö ü (U+00C4, U+00D6, U+00DC, U+00DF, U+00E4, U+00F6, U+00FC), 102 glyphs each. The numeral face holds digits and punctuation only.
• A code point a face does not hold draws as ?. A byte that does not start a well-formed sequence, a sequence cut short and an overlong form are one ? each, and the decoder never reads past the terminator.
• A width is cells times the cell width: gfx_text_width() and gfx_text_cells() count code points, and gfx_text_prefix() gives the byte length of the first n cells, so a cut falls between characters.
• A buffer is bytes, and a German letter takes two of them. The alert band holds UI_ALERT_MAX, 128 bytes with the terminator.

UTF-8 rather than a single-byte code page: the tables stay readable in the source, and the report opens correctly in any editor on a PC. The cost is that no width may be taken from strlen(); the screens measure with the functions above.

The tables

File	Holds
shared/ui/include/ui_text.def	every translated string: its ID (identifier), the cells its field has where no screenshot shows it, and its English
shared/ui/ui_text_de.c	the German, by ID; the settings' labels, help, options and categories; the servo test's words and the report
shared/ui/ui_text.c	the lookup: TR(ID), ui_setting_label(), ui_servo_str() and the rest

An entry a language leaves NULL shows the English, so a partial table works. A translated format converts the same arguments in the same order as its English.

The fit checks

python3 tools/render_ui.py --fit

builds the renderer with GFX_TEXT_TRACE, draws all 243 views in English and in German, and fails when a string in either language

• is wider than the box gfx_text_in() was given,
• is cut at the edge of the area it is drawn in,
• runs past the filled shape it is printed on,
• overlaps another string the frame shows, or
• is painted over by a fill drawn after it and not drawn again. Only the characters count: a fill over the trailing spaces of a padded label is not a finding. OUTPUTS with its protocol list open (outputs-protocol) is exempt, because the list covers the pins beside it by design.

An English overflow that is accepted for a time goes into KNOWN_OVERFLOWS in the tool, with its view, its string and its measurement; the list is empty. A listed one is printed as known and does not fail; a German finding that equals one word for word is the same string in the same place and does not fail either. An entry the check no longer finds fails until it is taken off the list. The check also fails on a string with no declared width that no view draws.

python3 tools/check_formats.py

compiles shared/ with every TR() call and every report word replaced by its English literal, under -Wformat=2 -Wformat-nonliteral -Wformat-signedness, and fails on any warning: each English format matches the arguments its call passes. The panel's firmware in firmware/panel/main/ is not in shared/ and not covered.

test_text covers the rest: every ID has German, every German format converts what its English does, every string with a declared width fits it in every language, alerts and splash details fit their buffers, translated settings fit SETUP and the TIMING page, and the report's columns and labels line up.

tools/check_docs.py fails when a German wiki page quotes in backticks the English of a string the screen shows in German: an interface string, a format's output, with numbers or text where its conversions are, a setting's label, help, option or category, or a servo test word, a quote wrapped over two lines included. Prose without backticks is not checked: it also names protocol pages, supply commands and board markings that share a word with a label.

Adding a language

1. Add UI_LANG_xx to ui_lang_t in shared/ui/include/ui_text.h, and the language's own name to k_language in shared/settings/settings.c, in the same position.
2. Copy shared/ui/ui_text_de.c to ui_text_xx.c, translate it, and add ui_lang_xx to k_langs in shared/ui/ui_text.c and its declaration to ui_text.h.
3. Add the file to shared/ui/CMakeLists.txt and to SOURCES in tools/render_ui.py and tools/frame_cost.py.
4. A letter the fonts do not hold goes into the list in FONTS in tools/gen_font.py, and python3 tools/gen_font.py regenerates them.
5. Add the language to LANGS in tools/render_ui.py and to the argument test/host/render_screen.c takes, and run python3 tools/render_ui.py --fit and python3 tools/render_ui.py.
6. Extend german_has_every_string in test/host/test_text.c to the new table, write its glossary here, and translate this page.