Unincorporated - sgml/signature GitHub Wiki

all political parties are unincorporated associations

the Uniform Unincorporated Nonprofit Association Act

there are no statutory corporate filing obligations

Due to ongoing punitive actions against strikes, the federation collapsed and was later replaced by a more informal annual meeting of local trades councils.

the court can not compel a voluntary unincorporated association to admit the plaintiff to membership, and that the plaintiff had a remedy within the organization itself, which he must exhaust before

ex mero muto

equitable estoppel

stare decisis

The problem of the property rights of unincorporated a~ciations is frequently avoided by the designation of a trustee to hold the association's property in trust for the purposes of the assoeiation. This avoids the uncertainty of legal ownership that has sometimes resulted in decisions holding that deeds to unincorporated associations are void

incorporation is likely more trouble than it is worth

When they have a sponsor, they come up with a topic that relates to the advertiser or use product placement strategies.

Don't try to reinvent the wheel. Find a specific solution, to a specific problem for a specific audience.

Will taking the leap from part-time to full-time lead to success?

Will stepping back from full-time to part-time lead to less stress?

an unincorporated nonprofit association may purchase insurance

If a child under age 18 is employed by his or her parent in an unincorporated business, the earnings are exempt from FICA tax.

Unless the governing documents provide otherwise, and regardless of whether the association is incorporated or unincorporated, the association may exercise the powers granted to a nonprofit mutual benefit corporation

we're representing individual owners suing their neighbors to enforce the documents

unincorporated association organized in the United States

disqualify an organization from being recognized as an unincorporated association

most trade unions and most political parties, for example, are unincorporated associations

symbiotic unincorporated association

the lobby legally unincorporated itself

form an unincorporated association to coordinate, establish a governance structure, establish bylaws or written agreements that outline the terms and conditions for resource pooling, establish mediation or arbitration processes to resolve conflicts. In addition, using tort claims, trespass claims, nuisance claims, equitable estoppel, and the knowledge of established precedents to enforce bylaws.

The CFTC claims that it ‘is not a novel proposition’ that individuals who use the same software can be deemed members of an unincorporated association by virtue of that software use. Not only is this a novel proposition, it is unprecedented. It would likely surprise Microsoft Word users to learn that editing the same document as another person is enough to form an unincorporated association”

The word "poll" means any request for information, verbal or written, which by its language or form of expression requires or implies the necessity of an answer, where the request is made with the intent of compiling the result of the answers obtained, either for the personal use of the person making the request, or for the purpose of reporting the same to any other person, persons, political party, unincorporated association or corporation, or for the purpose of publishing the same orally, by radio, or in written or printed form.

A nonprofit association could be composed of other nonprofit associations

its property is held in a trust in favor of its objectives

register a trademark or file a patent as a non-resident of a country

Introverts unite! Join fellow readers for a quiet and cozy gathering — where the joy of reading meets the bliss of silence! Because sometimes the best stories are told in silence.

Generally, donations of gift cards, gift certificates, checks, cash, or services are not subject to tax

it shall not speak from itself, but whatever it shall hear, it shall speak

Types

  1. Homeowners Association (HOA)
  2. Trade Association
  3. Neighborhood Association

Examples

History

Founders

Groups

Decade Event
1930s Founded in 1935 when Bill Wilson met Dr. Bob Smith, marking the beginning of the A.A. movement.
1940s Expansion accelerated by the influential publication of the "Big Book" (published in 1939), which helped spur group formation across the U.S. and Canada.
1950s Formal adoption of the Twelve Traditions in 1950, establishing guiding principles for A.A. groups worldwide.
1960s International expansion as A.A. groups began forming in countries such as Japan and New Zealand.
1970s Establishment of the General Service Office Archives in 1975 to preserve the historical records of A.A.
1980s Celebration of the 50th anniversary in 1985, marking half a century of helping alcoholics achieve sobriety.
1990s Embrace of technology with the launch of the official A.A. website, broadening outreach and accessibility.
2000s Continued growth, with literature and resources evolving to be more inclusive and accessible to a wider audience.
2010s A strengthened focus on outreach and inclusivity, addressing the needs of diverse communities and ensuring broader support within the A.A. framework.
2020s Adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic with the introduction of virtual meetings, enabling members to stay connected despite physical distancing.

Men

associations:
  - name: Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
    founded: December 5, 1955
    purpose: To oversee the Montgomery bus boycott and improve race relations in Montgomery, Alabama
    role: President
  - name: Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
    founded: January 10, 1957
    purpose: To coordinate and support nonviolent direct action as a method of desegregating bus systems across the South
    role: Co-founder and first president
  - name: Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
    founded: 1877
    purpose: Historic African American church in Montgomery, Alabama, known for its role in the Civil Rights Movement
    role: Pastor from 1954 to 1960

| Association/Group                  | Century | Founder                            | Location           | Successor                | Legacy                                                                                  | Reason for Unknowns                                                                       |
|------------------------------------|---------|------------------------------------|--------------------|--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Kingdom of Mali                    | 14th    | Not specifically documented        | West Africa        | Mansa Musa               | The Kingdom of Mali was a powerful and wealthy empire known for its trade, culture, and influence. Mansa Musa, one of its most famous rulers, expanded the empire and promoted education and Islam. | The specific founder of the Kingdom of Mali is not well-documented due to the historical nature and oral traditions. |
| Inca Empire                        | 15th    | Not specifically documented        | South America      | Pachacuti                | The Inca Empire was one of the largest and most sophisticated civilizations in pre-Columbian America. Pachacuti is credited with transforming the Inca state into an empire through military conquests and administrative reforms. | The specific founder of the Inca Empire is not well-documented due to the historical nature and oral traditions. |

associations:
  - name: African Lodge No. 1
    founded: March 6, 1775
    purpose: To provide a Masonic lodge for African Americans who were not allowed to join existing white Masonic lodges
    role: Member and founder

  - name: Prince Hall Grand Lodge
    founded: September 29, 1784
    purpose: To establish a formal Masonic organization for African Americans
    role: Instrumental in founding and leadership

references:
  - organization: District 41 Toastmasters
    reference: Martin Luther King Jr.
    context: Impact of King's "I Have a Dream" speech
    details: Analysis of rhetorical techniques like ethos, pathos, and logos
    link: https://d41tm.org/2023/12/09/i-still-have-a-dream/

Women

Invention/Association Century Inventor/Founder Location Family Heirs/Successors Legacy Reason for Unknowns
Honourable Society of the Inner Temple 14th Unknown London Not specifically documented Not specifically documented One of the four Inns of Court in London. Plays a central role in the recruitment, training, and professional development of barristers in England and Wales. The specific founder is not documented due to the historical nature and long-standing traditions of the Inns of Court.
Windward Maroons 18th Not specifically documented Jamaica Not specifically documented Not specifically documented The Windward Maroons were a group of formerly enslaved Africans who established free communities and fought against British colonial forces. Granted autonomy and land after the First Maroon War. The group was formed collectively by formerly enslaved Africans, making it difficult to attribute the founding to a specific individual. 
women_who_started_unincorporated_associations:
  - name: "Jane Addams"
    association: "Hull House"
    description: "One of the first settlement houses in the United States, founded in Chicago."

  - name: "Ida B. Wells"
    association: "National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC)"
    description: "Founded to address issues affecting African American women."

  - name: "Susan B. Anthony"
    association: "National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)"
    description: "Founded to advocate for women's right to vote."

  - name: "Mary Church Terrell"
    association: "National Association of Colored Women (NACW)"
    description: "Founded to promote civil rights and improve the lives of African American women."

  - name: "Elizabeth Cady Stanton"
    association: "Women's Loyal National League"
    description: "The first national women's political organization in the United States."

Communities

Video Game Preservation Group Description Activities
Hit Save! (Australia) A community-driven organization dedicated to preserving video games and related materials. Scanning and preserving physical media, recording interviews with game developers.
Video Game Preservation Collective (VGPC) (Japan) A group coordinating video game preservation projects and teaching people how to get started. Connecting preservation projects, avoiding duplication of work, and providing resources.
Video Game History Foundation (VGHF) (Singapore) An organization focused on preserving, celebrating, and teaching the history of video games. Building a video game history research library, collecting rare materials, and creating museum exhibits.
Retro Game Rescue (South Africa) A grassroots group dedicated to rescuing and preserving retro video games and consoles. Collecting and restoring retro games, organizing community events, and raising awareness about game preservation.
Game Preservation Society (Japan) A nonprofit organization focused on preserving Japanese video games and related materials. Archiving game software, hardware, and documentation, and conducting research on game history.
The Video Game Museum (India) A community-based initiative to preserve and showcase the history of video games in India. Collecting and displaying video game artifacts, organizing exhibitions, and promoting game preservation.
Save Point (New Zealand) A volunteer group dedicated to preserving video game history and culture in New Zealand. Archiving game-related materials, hosting events, and educating the public about game preservation.
Pixel Preservation Project (Malaysia) A community-led project focused on preserving digital and physical video game media. Digitizing game media, preserving physical artifacts, and conducting educational workshops.
Game Development Group Description Activities
GameDev Meetup (India) A community-driven initiative that organizes meetups and events for game developers in India. Networking, sharing knowledge, workshops, and collaborative projects.
Global Game Jam (Australia) An annual event that brings together game developers to create games over a weekend. Game development workshops, collaborative game creation, and showcasing games.
Indie Game Developers' Network (South Africa) A grassroots group focused on supporting independent game developers in South Africa. Networking events, collaborative projects, and promoting indie game development.
Game Development Society (Singapore) A volunteer group that provides support and resources to aspiring game developers in Singapore. Hosting workshops, game jams, and networking events for game development enthusiasts.
Women in Games (Australia) An organization dedicated to supporting and promoting women in the game development industry. Providing resources, networking opportunities, mentorship programs, and advocacy for diversity in gaming.
Game Development Community (New Zealand) A community-led project focused on fostering a collaborative environment for game developers. Organizing game jams, workshops, networking events, and sharing resources.
Adobe Flash Preservation Group Description Activities
Flashpoint Archive (formerly BlueMaxima's Flashpoint) (Australia) An archival and preservation project that allows browser games, web animations, and other rich web applications to be played in a secure format. Archiving Flash content, providing a secure platform for playing Flash games and animations.
Rhizome (Japan) A nonprofit organization dedicated to born-digital art, including Flash-based art and animations. Providing Flash emulation tools, archiving Flash content, and supporting digital artists.
Internet Archive (Global) A digital library offering free access to a vast collection of digital content, including Flash animations and games. Archiving Flash content, providing emulation tools, and ensuring long-term access to digital media.
Oldweb.Today (Singapore) A web-based emulator that allows users to view and interact with older websites, including those with Flash content. Providing Flash emulation, archiving older websites, and promoting digital preservation.
Conifer (formerly Webrecorder) (Indonesia) A web archiving service that captures and replays interactive websites, including those with Flash components. Archiving interactive websites, providing emulation tools, and supporting digital preservation efforts.

Homebrew Game Development Group Description Activities
OZ RetroComp (Australia) A community-driven initiative that organizes competitions and events for homebrew game developers. Hosting homebrew game competitions, sharing resources, and showcasing homebrew games.
Retro Game Devs (Japan) A grassroots group focused on developing and preserving homebrew games for retro consoles. Organizing game development workshops, sharing homebrew projects, and community events.
Homebrew Game Society (India) A community-based organization dedicated to supporting homebrew game developers in India. Providing resources, hosting meetups, and showcasing homebrew games.
Homebrew Dev Meetup (Singapore) A volunteer group that organizes meetups and events for homebrew game developers in Singapore. Networking, sharing knowledge, and collaborating on homebrew game projects.
Homebrew Game Network (South Africa) A grassroots group focused on promoting homebrew game development and preservation. Organizing game jams, sharing resources, and hosting community events.
Indie Retro Devs (Malaysia) A community-led project aimed at supporting indie and homebrew game developers in Malaysia. Hosting workshops, sharing homebrew projects, and providing networking opportunities.
Homebrew Game Collectors (New Zealand) A community group dedicated to collecting and preserving homebrew games for retro consoles. Collecting and archiving homebrew games, organizing community events, and showcasing homebrew projects.
Homebrew Game Initiative (Indonesia) A grassroots project focused on supporting and promoting homebrew game development. Providing resources, organizing game jams, and sharing homebrew game projects.

Historical Group Description Activities
The Scavengers of Ancient Rome In ancient Rome, scavengers, known as "copones," were responsible for collecting and disposing of waste. Collecting household waste, transporting it to dumpsites, and maintaining public cleanliness.
The Rakers of Medieval London During the medieval period in London, rakers were employed to clean the streets of waste and debris. Street cleaning, waste collection, and disposal.
The Night Soil Men of 19th Century Cities In the 19th century, night soil men were responsible for collecting human waste from cesspools and privies in urban areas. Collecting human waste, transporting it to disposal sites, and maintaining sanitation.
The Waste Pickers of Early 20th Century America In the early 20th century, waste pickers, also known as "ragpickers," salvaged reusable materials from trash heaps in American cities. Sorting through waste, recovering reusable materials, and selling salvaged items.
Historical Group Description Activities
The Night Soil Collectors of Sydney In the 19th century, night soil collectors in Sydney were responsible for collecting human waste from homes and transporting it to disposal sites. Collecting human waste, transporting it to disposal sites, and maintaining sanitation.
The Waste Pickers of São Paulo Waste pickers, known as "catadores," have historically collected recyclable materials from trash heaps in São Paulo, Brazil. Sorting through waste, recovering reusable materials, and selling salvaged items.
The Rubbish Collectors of Cape Town In the early 20th century, rubbish collectors in Cape Town, South Africa, played a crucial role in maintaining public hygiene by removing waste from the streets. Collecting household waste, transporting it to dumpsites, and maintaining public cleanliness.
The Scavengers of Buenos Aires In Buenos Aires, Argentina, scavengers have historically collected and recycled waste materials, contributing to the city's waste management efforts. Collecting recyclable materials, sorting waste, and selling salvaged items.
Modern Group Description Activities
Trash Hero (Thailand) A volunteer-based group that organizes community cleanups and promotes waste reduction. Organizing cleanups, promoting recycling, and environmental education.
EcoKnights (Malaysia) A grassroots organization focused on environmental education and sustainable living. Community projects, education, and advocacy for sustainable practices.
Bye Bye Plastic Bags (Bali, Indonesia) A youth-led movement aimed at reducing plastic waste and promoting sustainable alternatives. Organizing cleanups, awareness campaigns, and promoting plastic alternatives.
Greenpop (South Africa) A social enterprise that plants trees and promotes environmental sustainability. Tree planting, community education, and sustainability projects.
The Green Volunteers (Singapore) A volunteer group dedicated to environmental conservation and cleanups. Organizing cleanups, conservation projects, and environmental education.
Clean Up Nepal A community-based organization focused on waste management and environmental conservation. Organizing cleanups, waste management education, and community outreach.
Tangaroa Blue Foundation (Australia) An environmental organization focused on reducing marine debris and promoting ocean health. Beach cleanups, data collection on marine debris, and community education.
The Green Team (New Zealand) A volunteer group that engages in environmental conservation and restoration projects. Organizing cleanups, tree planting, and habitat restoration.
Environmental Group Description Activities
E-Waste Recycling Association (India) A community-based group focused on promoting e-waste recycling and proper disposal methods. Organizing e-waste collection drives, awareness campaigns, and recycling programs.
TechCollect (Australia) A not-for-profit organization that provides free e-waste recycling services to the public. Collecting and recycling electronic waste, raising awareness about e-waste issues.
E-Waste Association of South Africa (EWASA) A community-driven initiative aimed at managing e-waste and promoting sustainable practices. E-waste collection, recycling, and educational programs on e-waste management.
Green E-Waste Recyclers (Malaysia) A grassroots group dedicated to reducing e-waste through recycling and public education. Organizing e-waste recycling events, community outreach, and educational workshops.
E-Waste Relief Foundation (Nigeria) A community-based organization focused on addressing e-waste challenges and promoting recycling. E-waste collection, recycling initiatives, and advocacy for proper e-waste disposal.
E-Waste Social Enterprise (Philippines) A social enterprise that works with communities to manage e-waste and promote recycling. E-waste collection drives, recycling programs, and community education on e-waste.
E-Waste Management Society (Kenya) A community-led organization focused on sustainable e-waste management practices. E-waste collection, recycling, and awareness campaigns on the impact of e-waste.
E-Waste Recycling Network (Indonesia) A network of community groups working together to promote e-waste recycling and proper disposal. Organizing e-waste collection events, recycling programs, and educational initiatives.
Name Description Country of Origin
The Maori Land Leagues Informal groups formed to resist land sales and promote Maori land rights in the late 18th century. New Zealand
The Khoikhoi Resistance Groups Unorganized associations of Khoikhoi people resisting colonial encroachment in the Cape Colony during the 18th century. South Africa
The Society of Free Blacks A group of freed slaves in Sierra Leone advocating for rights and community organization in the late 18th century. Sierra Leone
Digital Preservation Group Description Activities
Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) A community-based organization that provides resources and support for digital preservation efforts. Offering toolkits, training, and guidance for preserving digital collections.
National Archives of Australia (NAA) A government agency that works with community groups to preserve digital records and archives. Providing digital preservation services, training, and resources.
Digital Preservation Network (DPN) (India) A collaborative network focused on preserving digital content and ensuring long-term access. Coordinating preservation efforts, sharing best practices, and providing support.
Digital Preservation Society (South Africa) A community-led initiative aimed at preserving digital heritage and cultural records. Organizing workshops, providing resources, and raising awareness about digital preservation.
Digital Heritage Association (Japan) A grassroots organization dedicated to preserving digital cultural heritage and historical records. Conducting digital preservation projects, offering training, and collaborating with other groups.
Digital Preservation Forum (Singapore) A community group that promotes digital preservation practices and provides support to local organizations. Hosting events, sharing resources, and offering guidance on digital preservation.
Digital Archives Network (Indonesia) A network of community groups working together to preserve digital archives and ensure long-term access. Coordinating preservation efforts, providing training, and sharing best practices.
Digital Preservation Initiative (Malaysia) A community-based organization focused on preserving digital content and promoting sustainable practices. Offering workshops, resources, and support for digital preservation projects.

Comic Book Preservation Group Description Activities
Comic Book Preservation Society (India) A community-driven organization dedicated to preserving and archiving comic books in India. Collecting, cataloging, and preserving comic books, organizing exhibitions.
Comic Book Rescue (Australia) A grassroots group focused on rescuing and preserving rare and vintage comic books. Collecting and restoring comic books, organizing community events, and raising awareness about comic book preservation.
Manga Preservation Society (Japan) A nonprofit organization focused on preserving Japanese manga and related materials. Archiving manga, conducting research on manga history, and organizing exhibitions.
Comic Book Archive (South Africa) A community-based initiative to preserve and showcase the history of comic books in South Africa. Collecting and displaying comic book artifacts, organizing exhibitions, and promoting comic book preservation.
The Comic Book Library (Singapore) A volunteer group dedicated to preserving and providing access to comic books and graphic novels. Building a comic book library, organizing community events, and promoting reading.
Comic Book Heritage Group (Malaysia) A grassroots organization focused on preserving the cultural heritage of comic books in Malaysia. Collecting and archiving comic books, organizing exhibitions, and conducting educational workshops.
Comic Book Preservation Network (Indonesia) A network of community groups working together to preserve comic books and ensure long-term access. Coordinating preservation efforts, providing training, and sharing best practices.
Comic Book Conservation Society (New Zealand) A community-led project focused on preserving and restoring comic books and graphic novels. Digitizing comic books, preserving physical artifacts, and conducting educational workshops.

Battery Recycling Group Description Activities
Battery Recycling Alliance (India) A community-driven organization dedicated to promoting battery recycling and proper disposal methods. Organizing battery collection drives, awareness campaigns, and recycling programs.
Battery Recyclers Australia A grassroots group focused on collecting and recycling used batteries to prevent environmental harm. Collecting used batteries, promoting recycling, and educating the public about battery disposal.
Battery Recycling Initiative (South Africa) A community-based initiative aimed at managing battery waste and promoting sustainable practices. Battery collection, recycling, and educational programs on battery management.
Battery Recycling Network (Malaysia) A network of community groups working together to promote battery recycling and proper disposal. Organizing battery collection events, recycling programs, and educational initiatives.
Battery Recovery Project (Indonesia) A grassroots organization focused on recovering and recycling used batteries to protect the environment. Collecting and recycling batteries, raising awareness about battery waste, and community outreach.
Battery Recycling Campaign (Kenya) A community-led organization focused on sustainable battery recycling practices. Battery collection, recycling, and awareness campaigns on the impact of battery waste.
Battery Recycling Volunteers (Philippines) A volunteer group dedicated to reducing battery waste through recycling and public education. Organizing battery recycling events, community outreach, and educational workshops.
Battery Recycling Society (Nigeria) A community-based organization focused on addressing battery waste challenges and promoting recycling. Battery collection, recycling initiatives, and advocacy for proper battery disposal.

Audio Equipment Preservation Group Description Activities
ARSC Audio Preservation & Restoration Directory (Australia) A directory of members offering services for audio preservation and restoration. Preservation transfer, restoration, disaster recovery, consulting, and training.
National Recording Preservation Foundation (NRPF) (India) An organization promoting the preservation of recorded audio history and public awareness. Grants for digitization, preservation resources, and policy advocacy.
Audio Preservation Society (Japan) A community-based group focused on preserving and restoring audio equipment and recordings. Collecting and restoring audio equipment, archiving recordings, and educational workshops.
Sound Archives Preservation Group (South Africa) A grassroots organization dedicated to preserving sound archives and audio equipment. Archiving sound recordings, restoring audio equipment, and community outreach.
Vintage Audio Preservation Network (Malaysia) A network of enthusiasts working together to preserve vintage audio equipment and recordings. Collecting vintage audio equipment, restoration projects, and educational initiatives.
Audio Heritage Preservation Society (Singapore) A volunteer group focused on preserving audio heritage and equipment. Archiving audio recordings, restoring equipment, and organizing exhibitions.
Classic Audio Equipment Collectors (New Zealand) A community-led group dedicated to collecting and preserving classic audio equipment. Collecting and restoring classic audio equipment, organizing community events, and raising awareness.
Audio Preservation Initiative (Indonesia) A grassroots project aimed at preserving audio equipment and recordings for future generations. Collecting and archiving audio equipment, restoration projects, and educational workshops.

Video Equipment Preservation Group Description Activities
BAVC Media (Bay Area Video Coalition) (Australia) A community-based organization dedicated to preserving and digitizing video and audio media. Providing preservation services, training, and resources for video equipment and media.
Video Preservation Society (Japan) A grassroots group focused on preserving and restoring video equipment and recordings. Collecting and restoring video equipment, archiving recordings, and conducting educational workshops.
Video Heritage Preservation Group (India) A community-driven initiative aimed at preserving video heritage and equipment. Archiving video recordings, restoring equipment, and organizing community events.
Video Equipment Rescue (South Africa) A volunteer group dedicated to rescuing and preserving vintage video equipment. Collecting and restoring vintage video equipment, organizing community events, and raising awareness.
Video Preservation Network (Malaysia) A network of community groups working together to preserve video equipment and ensure long-term access. Coordinating preservation efforts, providing training, and sharing best practices.
Video Archives Preservation Society (Singapore) A community-led project focused on preserving video archives and equipment for future generations. Collecting and archiving video equipment, restoration projects, and educational workshops.
Classic Video Equipment Collectors (New Zealand) A community-based group dedicated to collecting and preserving classic video equipment. Collecting and restoring classic video equipment, organizing community events, and raising awareness.
Video Preservation Initiative (Indonesia) A grassroots project aimed at preserving video equipment and recordings for future generations. Collecting and archiving video equipment, restoration projects, and educational workshops.

Magazine Preservation Group Description Activities
The Magazine Preservation Society (Australia) A community-driven organization dedicated to preserving and archiving magazines in Australia. Collecting, cataloging, and preserving magazines, organizing exhibitions.
The Manga Preservation Society (Japan) A nonprofit organization focused on preserving Japanese manga and related materials. Archiving manga, conducting research on manga history, and organizing exhibitions.
The Magazine Archive (India) A community-based initiative to preserve and showcase the history of magazines in India. Collecting and displaying magazine artifacts, organizing exhibitions, and promoting magazine preservation.
The Magazine Library (Singapore) A volunteer group dedicated to preserving and providing access to magazines and periodicals. Building a magazine library, organizing community events, and promoting reading.
The Magazine Heritage Group (Malaysia) A grassroots organization focused on preserving the cultural heritage of magazines in Malaysia. Collecting and archiving magazines, organizing exhibitions, and conducting educational workshops.
The Magazine Preservation Network (Indonesia) A network of community groups working together to preserve magazines and ensure long-term access. Coordinating preservation efforts, providing training, and sharing best practices.
The Magazine Conservation Society (South Africa) A community-led project focused on preserving and restoring magazines and periodicals. Digitizing magazines, preserving physical artifacts, and conducting educational workshops.
The Magazine Preservation Initiative (New Zealand) A grassroots project aimed at preserving magazines and periodicals for future generations. Collecting and archiving magazines, restoration projects, and educational workshops.

Poetry Preservation Group Description Activities
The Performance Poetry Preservation Project (P4) (Australia) A grassroots organization dedicated to preserving the recorded history of the poetry slam movement. Collecting and cataloging performance poetry, archiving recordings, and promoting poetry slams.
The Poetry Archive (UK) A community-driven initiative aimed at preserving and providing access to recordings of poets reading their work. Archiving poetry recordings, providing online access, and promoting poetry appreciation.
The Poetry Society of India A community-based organization focused on preserving and promoting Indian poetry. Organizing poetry readings, archiving poetry works, and conducting educational workshops.
The Singapore Poetry Festival A volunteer group dedicated to celebrating and preserving Singaporean poetry. Organizing poetry festivals, archiving poetry performances, and promoting local poets.
The Poetry Preservation Network (South Africa) A network of community groups working together to preserve and promote poetry in South Africa. Coordinating preservation efforts, providing training, and sharing best practices.
The Poetry Heritage Society (Malaysia) A grassroots organization focused on preserving the cultural heritage of poetry in Malaysia. Collecting and archiving poetry works, organizing exhibitions, and conducting educational workshops.
The Poetry Conservation Society (New Zealand) A community-led project focused on preserving and promoting poetry for future generations. Archiving poetry works, organizing poetry readings, and conducting educational workshops.
The Poetry Preservation Initiative (Indonesia) A grassroots project aimed at preserving and promoting Indonesian poetry. Collecting and archiving poetry works, organizing poetry readings, and conducting educational workshops.

Association Description
The Poetry Society A membership organization promoting the study, use, and enjoyment of poetry.
Poetry Book Society Founded in 1953 by T. S. Eliot to propagate the art of poetry.
The Poetry Project Founded in 1966 at St. Mark's Church, promoting new and experimental poetry.
Poetry Ireland An organization for poets and poetry in Ireland, founded in 1978.

Native American Preservation Group Description Activities
Center for Native Futures (Chicago, USA) An all-Native artist-led arts nonprofit organization promoting the advancement of Native fine arts. Hosting gallery exhibitions, artist-in-residencies, and community events.
Native Governance Center (Minneapolis, USA) A nonprofit dedicated to strengthening tribal sovereignty and governance. Providing training, resources, and support to Tribal nations.
National Congress of American Indians (USA) The oldest and largest organization representing Tribal Nations in the United States. Advocating for tribal sovereignty, federal policy, and cultural preservation.
Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition (USA) An organization working to address the generational trauma caused by U.S. Indian Boarding School policy. Providing education, advocacy, and healing resources to Native boarding school survivors.
Native American Rights Fund (USA) An organization holding governments accountable for Native American rights, resources, and lifeways. Providing legal assistance and representation in cases involving tribal sovereignty and treaty rights.

Perl/CPAN Community Group Description Activities
Perl Mongers (Australia) A community group that organizes meetings and events for Perl developers in Australia. Hosting meetups, sharing knowledge, and collaborating on Perl projects.
Japan Perl Association A nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting and supporting the use of Perl in Japan. Organizing conferences, workshops, and providing resources for Perl developers.
Singapore Perl Mongers A community-driven initiative that holds regular meetups for Perl enthusiasts in Singapore. Networking, sharing knowledge, and discussing Perl and CPAN projects.
India Perl Mongers A grassroots group focused on supporting Perl developers in India through meetups and events. Hosting workshops, sharing best practices, and collaborating on Perl projects.
South Africa Perl Mongers A volunteer group that promotes the use of Perl and CPAN in South Africa. Organizing meetups, sharing knowledge, and working on collaborative Perl projects.
Malaysian Perl Enthusiasts A community-led group dedicated to supporting and promoting Perl development in Malaysia. Hosting events, sharing resources, and discussing Perl and CPAN developments.
New Zealand Perl Mongers A community-based group focused on bringing together Perl developers in New Zealand. Organizing meetups, workshops, and collaborating on Perl projects.
Indonesian Perl Developers Network A grassroots initiative aimed at supporting and connecting Perl developers in Indonesia. Hosting events, sharing knowledge, and working on Perl and CPAN projects.

TCP/IP Community Group Description Activities
TCP/IP Enthusiasts (Australia) A community-driven initiative that organizes meetups and events for TCP/IP enthusiasts in Australia. Hosting meetups, sharing knowledge, and collaborating on networking projects.
Tokyo Network Engineers (Japan) A grassroots group focused on supporting network engineers and developers in Tokyo. Organizing workshops, providing resources, and discussing TCP/IP best practices.
Bangalore TCP/IP Group (India) A community-based organization dedicated to supporting networking professionals in Bangalore. Hosting meetups, sharing best practices, and collaborating on TCP/IP projects.
Singapore Network Community A volunteer group that holds regular meetups and events for networking enthusiasts in Singapore. Networking, sharing knowledge, and discussing TCP/IP projects.
Cape Town Network Engineers (South Africa) A grassroots group focused on promoting TCP/IP and networking technologies in Cape Town. Hosting workshops, providing resources, and collaborating on networking projects.
Malaysia TCP/IP Enthusiasts A community-led group dedicated to supporting network engineers and developers in Malaysia. Organizing meetups, workshops, and sharing TCP/IP knowledge.
Wellington Network Community (New Zealand) A community-based group focused on bringing together networking professionals in Wellington. Hosting meetups, workshops, and collaborating on TCP/IP projects.
Jakarta Network Engineers (Indonesia) A grassroots initiative aimed at supporting network engineers and developers in Jakarta. Organizing meetups, sharing knowledge, and working on TCP/IP projects.

Founders

associations:
  - name: Favela Associations
    location: Brazil
    founder: Carlos Raimundo Duque
    url: https://rioonwatch.org/?p=78491
  - name: Community Development Councils
    location: South Africa
    founder: Not specifically documented
    url: https://cdpsc.co.za/downloads/Brief%20History%20of%20CommDev%20in%20SA%20Prof%20de%20Beer%20and%20Dr%20Maistry.pdf
  - name: Barangay Associations
    location: Philippines
    founder: Alex David
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_ng_mga_Barangay
  - name: Kampung Improvement Program
    location: Indonesia
    founder: Johan Silas
    url: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Silas
Artist / Group Active Era Notable For URL / Reference
Early Anonymous ASCII Pioneers 1960s–1970s Pioneering the creation of computer-based text art on early mainframes and teletype systems. SCI Python – ASCII Art
Scott Fahlman 1982 Coining the first emoticon (:-)) as a simple form of text-based expression—a precursor to broader ASCII art culture. Wikipedia: Emoticon
Joan Stark (jgs) 1990s Compiling and popularizing a vast collection of intricate ASCII art; her work remains one of the most recognized online. ASCII Art Archive at asciiart.eu
Modern ASCII Art Community 2000s–Present A diverse group of online contributors using updated tools and techniques to keep the ASCII art tradition alive. ASCII Everything 
wonder woman:
- name: Amazons
  description: Legendary female warriors from Greek mythology, known for their independence and martial skills.
  reference: [The Amazons of Greek Mythology](https://archive.org/details/amazonsofgreekmy00sobo)

- name: Durga's Divine Army
  description: In Hindu mythology, Durga leads celestial warriors to combat evil forces, symbolizing divine power.
  reference: [Durga Suktam](https://archive.org/details/DurgaSuktam)

- name: Scythian Warrior Women
  description: Historical female warriors from the Scythian tribes, inspiring myths like the Amazons.
  reference: [The Scythians by Tamara Talbot Rice](https://archive.org/details/Scythians)

Ethiopian Semitic Tribes

  1. Worker Cooperatives: Worker Cooperatives: Pathways to Scale

  2. Social Enterprises: The Governance of Social Enterprises

  3. Community-Owned Businesses: Community-Owned Businesses: How Communities Become Entrepreneurs

  4. Benefit Corporations (B Corps): The Rise of the Social Enterprise

Data

{
  "case_name": "Barr v. United Methodist Church",
  "plaintiffs": [
    "Frank T. Barr",
    "et al."
  ],
  "defendant": "United Methodist Church",
  "interveners": [
    "George Hall",
    "et al."
  ],
  "summary": {
    "description": "The case involved a class action lawsuit brought by approximately 1,950 present and former residents of retirement homes operated by Pacific Homes Corporation. The plaintiffs alleged that the United Methodist Church, along with other defendants, was financially responsible for the operations of Pacific Homes and sought equitable relief or damages for the alleged breach of continuing care agreements.",
    "key_issues": [
      "The legal standing of the United Methodist Church to be sued",
      "The financial responsibility of the church for the operations of Pacific Homes"
    ],
    "court_ruling": "The court ruled that the United Methodist Church could be sued, reversing the trial court's decision to quash service of summons on the church."
  }
}

Tech

CommunityTechnologyCooperative:
  Responsibilities:
    - Name: "Digital Inclusion"
      Description: "Promote digital literacy and access to technology for underserved communities."
      Reference: "[Digital Inclusion](https://communitytechnologycooperative.org/digital-inclusion)"
    - Name: "Data Management"
      Description: "Provide data management and ETL services to local non-profits and community organizations."
      Reference: "[Data Management](https://communitytechnologycooperative.org/data-management)"
    - Name: "Technical Support"
      Description: "Offer technical support and maintenance services for community technology projects."
      Reference: "[Technical Support](https://communitytechnologycooperative.org/technical-support)"
    - Name: "Training and Education"
      Description: "Conduct training programs and workshops to enhance technical skills within the community."
      Reference: "[Training and Education](https://communitytechnologycooperative.org/training-education)"
    - Name: "Sustainability Initiatives"
      Description: "Implement and support digital recycling and other sustainability initiatives."
      Reference: "[Sustainability Initiatives](https://communitytechnologycooperative.org/sustainability-initiatives)"
    - Name: "Collaborative Projects"
      Description: "Facilitate collaborative technology projects that benefit the community."
      Reference: "[Collaborative Projects](https://communitytechnologycooperative.org/collaborative-projects)"
    - Name: "Advocacy"
      Description: "Advocate for policies and practices that promote equitable access to technology."
      Reference: "[Advocacy](https://communitytechnologycooperative.org/advocacy)"

Inspiration

References