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title: TR 440

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TR 440 at Saarland University [1] TR 440, (TR440, TR-440, Telefunken-Rechner 440),

a West-German general purpose 48-bit mainframe computer developed from 1964 until 1971 by Telefunken as successor of the TR-4, later manufactured by AEG Telefunken and Computer Gesellschaft Konstanz. The development team was headed by Eike Jessen [2]. The TR 440 introduced paging, multiple modes of operation, multiprocessing (two or three processors), vastly extended memory, satellite configurations (TR 86) and included innovative system software [3], as the time-sharing operating system BS3 [4] [5].

Block Diagram

TR 440 block diagram [14]

Architecture

The TR 440 central processor (Zentraler Rechner), dubbed RD 441 [15], had four units (Werke), the instruction unit (Befehlswerk), accumulator based ALU (Rechenwerk), memory unit (Speicherwerk) and I/O-unit (Ein- Ausgabewerk) with 4 fast (used for data storage, drum memory ) and 12 standard I/O-channels (tapes, satellite computer), all four units connected by a priority unit (Vorrangwerk). The TR-4 compatible architecture used a word size of 52 bits, consisting of 48 data bits, 2 type bits (00 - floating point, 38 bit normalized mantissa, 01 - integer/fixed point (Ones' complement), 10 - opcode 2x24 bit, 11 - 8 six bit text characters) and 2 bit checksum (Dreierprobe). Instructions operate on words, half- and double words and bytes of 4, 6, 7 or 12 bits, as well as random word areas inside a register or memory.

Technology

SIG-100 terminal with Rollkugel [16] [17], October 02, 1968 [18] The TR 440 was build from small-scale integration (SSI) monolithic integrated circuits of about 10 transistors and modules of 16 K core memory. Its speed was about 800,000 instructions per second. Beside standard peripherals, teletypewriter and CRT monitor, the TR 440 already had a ball-based mouse as pointing device dubbed Rollkugel.

Chess Programs

See also

Publications

External Links

TR 440

TR 440 Große Befehlsliste - Instruction Set List (pdf)

TR 440 images TR 440 kernspeicher (core memory)

Computerwoche on TR 440

References

  1. ↑ Bilder aus 60 Jahren UdS: Aus den Siebzigern (Teil 2) (German)
  2. ↑ Eike Jessen - Leistungen - Wikipedia.de (German)
  3. ↑ Eike Jessen, Dieter Michel, Hans-Jürgen Siegert, Heinz Voigt (2010). Structure, Technology, and Development of the AEG-Telefunken TR 440 Computer. IEEE Annals, Vol. 32, No. 3
  4. ↑ Teilnehmer-Betriebssystem BS-3 (pdf), TELEFUNKEN COMPUTER GmbH (German)
  5. ↑ Joachim Backes (1977). TR440­ und BS3­ Operateur­ Schulung. Regionales Hochschulrechenzentrum der Universität Kaiserslautern, pdf
  6. ↑ TR 440 from Wikipedia.de (German)
  7. ↑ 40 Jahre Rechenzentrum Ruhr Universität Bochum - RUBbits Mai 2006 (pdf)
  8. ↑ Leibniz-Rechenzentrum 1974 by Gerd R. Sapper (German)
  9. ↑ Geschichte des RRZ < Über uns < RRZ < Universität Hamburg (German)
  10. ↑ Bilder aus 60 Jahren UdS: Aus den Siebzigern (Teil 2) (German)
  11. ↑ TELEFUNKEN TR-440
  12. ↑ HRZ Uni Marburg: Chronik - Zeittafel (German)
  13. ↑ TR 440 from Wikipedia.de (German)
  14. ↑ TR 440 Große Befehlsliste - Instruction Set List (pdf) Blockschaltbild - block diagram p. 25
  15. ↑ TR 440 - Eigenschaften des RD 441 (pdf)
  16. ↑ SIG-100 video terminal and mouse from The Computer History Museum, © Telefunken
  17. ↑ Telefunken Rollkugel ~ oldmouse.com, © Computerschausammlung, FH Kiel
  18. ↑ Auf den Spuren der deutschen Computermaus | c't, April 28, 2009 (German)
  19. ↑ started on a TR-4, the TR 440 worked end of 1971, see Geschichte des RRZ < Über uns < RRZ < Universität Hamburg (German)

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