This page describes the Communities dimension of the codebook, its categories, and how to tag students' pre-/post-test responses with codes from the Communities dimension.

Overview

The Communities dimension is one of four (4) high-level dimensions of the pre-/post-test codebook. Its formal definition is as follows:

Dimension	Description
Communities	Descriptions about communities, entities, or individuals that may be directly or indirectly impacted by, or create an impact through, the use or development of a technology.

The Communities dimension has four (4) Level-1 categories: Users, Non-Users, Owners, and None. Some of these categories have lower categories called Level-2 categories. The rest of this page describes all of the Level-1 and Level-2 categories under the Communities dimension.

The following figure illustrates the hierarchy of the Communities dimension categories. The full definitions and examples for the categories are described in their respective subsections in this wiki. You may also use the wiki navigation on the right sidebar to jump to specific sections of categories.

Coding Data Under the Communities Dimension

When tagging data with codes under the Communities dimension, data is tagged with the lowest category level, which could be either Level-1 or Level-2, depending on whether the specific category is an end node. The Level-1 categories and their Level-2 categories (if any) are described in the following sections.

Level-1: Users

The Users category is a Level-1 category under Communities. Its formal definition is as follows:

Level-1 Category	Description
Users	Communities, entities, or individuals that are directly involved in the use of the technology.

Users has two (2) Level-2 categories. These Level-2 categories can be used to tag data. Their formal definitions are provided below. Example excerpts are also provided for each Level-2 category to illustrate statements that can be tagged by these categories.

Level-2: Users-Specified

Level-2 Category	Description
Specified	Descriptions about individuals, communities, or stakeholders who are directly involved in the use of the technology that are targeted, specific, or context-specific.

Example excerpts for Specified:

• [s24-320e-1]: "Patients may experience privacy concerns and anxiety over the security of their health data."

• [s24-320e-9]: "Healthcare providers gain better patient monitoring capabilities."

• [s24-320e-3]: "Accessibility for low-income users"

Level-2: Users-Unspecified

Level-2 Category	Description
Unspecified	Descriptions about individuals, communities, or stakeholders who are directly involved in the use of the technology that are broad, general, or unspecified.

Example excerpts for Unspecified:

• [s24-320e-3]: "Cons for users: Vulnerable to external attacks on the implant device's functionality"

• [s24-320e-16]: "The app also has secure storage feature, allowing users to maintain a record of their heart health data."

• [s24-320e-23]: "The pro of the technology solution is that it lets people monitor their heart's health."

• [s24-320e-14]: "Ability to extend reach to underserved communities, fostering social impact and community engagement."

Level-1: Non-Users

The Non-Users category is a Level-1 category under Communities. Its formal definition is as follows:

Level-1 Category	Description
Non-Users	Communities, entities, or individuals that are not users or owners (e.g., developers, managers) of the technology.

Non-Users has five (5) Level-2 categories. These Level-2 categories can be used to tag data. Their formal definitions are provided below. Example excerpts are also provided for each Level-2 category to illustrate statements that can be tagged by these categories.

Level-2: Non-Users-Thirdparty

Level-2 Category	Description
Thirdparty	Descriptions about organizations, institutions, or individuals that collaborate or work with technology owners and/or users within the context of the technology.

Example excerpts for Thirdparty:

• [s24-320e-23]: "The technology also allows Corazon to collaborate with charitable organizations to help those under the poverty line."

• [s24-320e-15]: "Charitable organizations: This initiative enhances the organizations' ability to serve vulnerable communities by addressing critical healthcare needs, ultimately improving the quality of life for those in need."

Level-2: Non-Users-Media

Level-2 Category	Description
Media	Descriptions about media entities, including but not limited to press, news outlets, or social media, that can impact or influence public knowledge, perceptions, or use of the technology.

Example excerpts for Media:

• [s24-320e-28]: "Pros for the company: They will receive a lot of good press over the product."

Level-2: Non-Users-Legalpolitical

Level-2 Category	Description
Legal/Political	Descriptions about legal and/or political actors that can use legal and/or political power to impact or influence the use of technology—e.g., limiting, preventing, or broadening access to or use of the technology.

Level-2: Non-Users-Other-Specified

Level-2 Category	Description
Other-Specified	Descriptions that are targeted or specifies individuals or communities that are not third-parties, media entities, or legal/political actors.

Example excerpts for Other-Specified:

• [s24-320e-7]: "Researchers can have an open line of communication with the company"

• [s24-320e-26]: "- Family members: - Ease of mind that their loved one can more easily and readily monitor their heart health for immediate action in case of some issue"

• [s24-320e-6]: "More jobs for CS majors"

Level-2: Non-Users-Other-Unspecified

Level-2 Category	Description
Other-Unspecified	Descriptions that only broadly or generally mentions individuals or communities that are not third-parties, media entities, or legal/political actors.

Example excerpts for Other-Unspecified:

• [s24-320e-16]: "The app is targeted towards patients with heart issues and also has collaborated with organizations, providing free access to patients living below the poverty line making this widely accessible too."

• [s24-320e-2]: "Additionally, there is always a risk of having a security breach exposing the patients' sensitive data to others."

• [s24-320e-6]: "If it has poor encryption, then it allows malicious attackers nearby the patient to access their health data for whatever reason"

• [s24-320e-23]: "This vulnerability hurts the patients and doctors because it could allow a third party to manipulate the data."

Level-1: Owners

The Owners category is a Level-1 category under Communities. Its formal definition is as follows:

Level-1 Category	Description
Owners	Communities, entities, or individuals that are directly involved in the ownership, development, or release of the technology.

Owners has two (2) Level-2 categories. These Level-2 categories can be used to tag data. Their formal definitions are provided below. Example excerpts are also provided for each Level-2 category to illustrate statements that can be tagged by these categories.

Level-2: Owners-Specified

Level-2 Category	Description
Specified	Descriptions about individuals, communities, shareholders, or stakeholders who are directly involved in the ownership, development, or release of the technology that are targeted, specific, or context-specific.

Example excerpts for Specified:

• [s24-320e-7]: "Developers: can become aware of bugs and patch them more quickly"

• [s24-320e-19]: "Also, developers and company executives affected if product drop goes poorly as vulnerability surfaces."

• Or mentions of "software engineers", "managers"

Level-2: Owners-Unspecified

Level-2 Category	Description
Unspecified	Descriptions about individuals, communities, shareholders, or stakeholders who are directly involved in the ownership, development, or release of the technology that are broad, general, or unspecified.

Example excerpts for Unspecified:

• [s24-320e-1]: "The company may face reputational damage and potential liability if the issue isn't adequately addressed"

• [s24-320e-9]: "Corazón provides an innovative product that aligns with their mission, establishes a reputation for security commitment, and has market growth potential."

• [s24-320e-7]: "The manufacturer can become aware of vulnerabilities more quickly and act to resolve them"

Level-1: None

The None category is a Level-1 category under Communities. Its formal definition is as follows:

Level-1 Category	Description
None	No descriptions or mentions of communities, entities, or individuals.

None has no Level-2 categories and can be used directly to tag data.

Notes

1. For codebook developers: This page needs to be updated whenever the codebook is updated.
2. These organizing levels may change over time based on feedback from codebook developers and users.