使用者管理設計架構 ‐ User Management - paulip114/blog GitHub Wiki

✅ 1. Core Components of User Management

Feature	Purpose
🔐 Authentication	Who are you? (login/signup)
🎫 Authorization	What can you do? (roles/permissions)
🧾 Sessions or JWT	Track login state
📬 Email/Phone verification	Optional but improves trust
🛠 Profile management	Name, avatar, etc.
🧯 Password recovery	"Forgot password" flow
📦 Admin dashboard (optional)	View/manage users

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✅ 2. Tech Stack Choices

Layer	Recommended Tools
Frontend	React / Vue / Quasar + Axios
Backend	Node.js (Express / NestJS), Django, Go, etc.
Auth	🔐 Passport.js, Firebase Auth, Auth0, Clerk, Supabase Auth
Token Handling	JWT or HTTP-only cookies
Storage	MongoDB / PostgreSQL
Email	SendGrid, Resend, or Postmark for confirmation/resets

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✅ 3. Recommended Auth Architecture

🔐 JWT-based Authentication (Modern approach)

• POST /auth/login → returns JWT token
• Token stored in HttpOnly cookie (or Authorization: Bearer)
• Protect APIs with middleware like:

function authMiddleware(req, res, next) {
  const token = req.headers.authorization?.split(' ')[1];
  try {
    const payload = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET);
    req.user = payload;
    next();
  } catch {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });
  }
}

✅ Pros: stateless, scalable, works with mobile apps
✅ Add refresh token flow for longer sessions

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✅ Signup / Login API flow example

POST /auth/signup
→ name, email, password
→ hash password, store user

POST /auth/login
→ email, password
→ verify + return JWT

GET /me
→ needs auth
→ returns logged-in user info

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✅ 4. Role-based Access Control (RBAC)

function requireRole(role) {
  return function (req, res, next) {
    if (req.user.role !== role) {
      return res.status(403).json({ error: 'Forbidden' });
    }
    next();
  }
}

Then apply it:

app.get('/admin/dashboard', authMiddleware, requireRole('admin'), handler);

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✅ 5. Security Best Practices

Practice	Why
✅ Hash passwords with bcrypt	Never store raw passwords
✅ Use HttpOnly cookies for JWT	Avoid XSS token theft
✅ CSRF protection for cookie sessions	Use sameSite=strict or CSRF tokens
✅ Rate limit login attempts	Prevent brute force
✅ Store refresh tokens securely	Revokeable sessions
✅ Validate all inputs	Always sanitize user input

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✅ 6. Nice-to-Haves

Feature	Note
📨 Email verification	Validate user identity
🔁 OAuth login (Google, GitHub)	Improve UX
📱 2FA	Time-based OTP (TOTP)
👀 Audit logs	Track sensitive changes