使用者管理設計架構 ‐ User Management - paulip114/blog GitHub Wiki

✅ 1. Core Components of User Management

Feature Purpose
🔐 Authentication Who are you? (login/signup)
🎫 Authorization What can you do? (roles/permissions)
🧾 Sessions or JWT Track login state
📬 Email/Phone verification Optional but improves trust
🛠 Profile management Name, avatar, etc.
🧯 Password recovery "Forgot password" flow
📦 Admin dashboard (optional) View/manage users

✅ 2. Tech Stack Choices

Layer Recommended Tools
Frontend React / Vue / Quasar + Axios
Backend Node.js (Express / NestJS), Django, Go, etc.
Auth 🔐 Passport.js, Firebase Auth, Auth0, Clerk, Supabase Auth
Token Handling JWT or HTTP-only cookies
Storage MongoDB / PostgreSQL
Email SendGrid, Resend, or Postmark for confirmation/resets

✅ 3. Recommended Auth Architecture

🔐 JWT-based Authentication (Modern approach)

  • POST /auth/login → returns JWT token
  • Token stored in HttpOnly cookie (or Authorization: Bearer)
  • Protect APIs with middleware like:
function authMiddleware(req, res, next) {
  const token = req.headers.authorization?.split(' ')[1];
  try {
    const payload = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET);
    req.user = payload;
    next();
  } catch {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });
  }
}

✅ Pros: stateless, scalable, works with mobile apps
✅ Add refresh token flow for longer sessions


Signup / Login API flow example

POST /auth/signup
→ name, email, password
→ hash password, store user

POST /auth/login
→ email, password
→ verify + return JWT

GET /me
→ needs auth
→ returns logged-in user info

✅ 4. Role-based Access Control (RBAC)

function requireRole(role) {
  return function (req, res, next) {
    if (req.user.role !== role) {
      return res.status(403).json({ error: 'Forbidden' });
    }
    next();
  }
}

Then apply it:

app.get('/admin/dashboard', authMiddleware, requireRole('admin'), handler);

✅ 5. Security Best Practices

Practice Why
✅ Hash passwords with bcrypt Never store raw passwords
✅ Use HttpOnly cookies for JWT Avoid XSS token theft
✅ CSRF protection for cookie sessions Use sameSite=strict or CSRF tokens
✅ Rate limit login attempts Prevent brute force
✅ Store refresh tokens securely Revokeable sessions
✅ Validate all inputs Always sanitize user input

✅ 6. Nice-to-Haves

Feature Note
📨 Email verification Validate user identity
🔁 OAuth login (Google, GitHub) Improve UX
📱 2FA Time-based OTP (TOTP)
👀 Audit logs Track sensitive changes