使用者管理設計架構 ‐ User Management - paulip114/blog GitHub Wiki
✅ 1. Core Components of User Management
Feature |
Purpose |
🔐 Authentication |
Who are you? (login/signup) |
🎫 Authorization |
What can you do? (roles/permissions) |
🧾 Sessions or JWT |
Track login state |
📬 Email/Phone verification |
Optional but improves trust |
🛠 Profile management |
Name, avatar, etc. |
🧯 Password recovery |
"Forgot password" flow |
📦 Admin dashboard (optional) |
View/manage users |
✅ 2. Tech Stack Choices
Layer |
Recommended Tools |
Frontend |
React / Vue / Quasar + Axios |
Backend |
Node.js (Express / NestJS), Django, Go, etc. |
Auth |
🔐 Passport.js, Firebase Auth, Auth0, Clerk, Supabase Auth |
Token Handling |
JWT or HTTP-only cookies |
Storage |
MongoDB / PostgreSQL |
Email |
SendGrid, Resend, or Postmark for confirmation/resets |
✅ 3. Recommended Auth Architecture
🔐 JWT-based Authentication (Modern approach)
POST /auth/login
→ returns JWT token
- Token stored in HttpOnly cookie (or
Authorization: Bearer
)
- Protect APIs with middleware like:
function authMiddleware(req, res, next) {
const token = req.headers.authorization?.split(' ')[1];
try {
const payload = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET);
req.user = payload;
next();
} catch {
res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });
}
}
✅ Pros: stateless, scalable, works with mobile apps
✅ Add refresh token flow for longer sessions
✅ Signup / Login API flow example
POST /auth/signup
→ name, email, password
→ hash password, store user
POST /auth/login
→ email, password
→ verify + return JWT
GET /me
→ needs auth
→ returns logged-in user info
✅ 4. Role-based Access Control (RBAC)
function requireRole(role) {
return function (req, res, next) {
if (req.user.role !== role) {
return res.status(403).json({ error: 'Forbidden' });
}
next();
}
}
Then apply it:
app.get('/admin/dashboard', authMiddleware, requireRole('admin'), handler);
✅ 5. Security Best Practices
Practice |
Why |
✅ Hash passwords with bcrypt |
Never store raw passwords |
✅ Use HttpOnly cookies for JWT |
Avoid XSS token theft |
✅ CSRF protection for cookie sessions |
Use sameSite=strict or CSRF tokens |
✅ Rate limit login attempts |
Prevent brute force |
✅ Store refresh tokens securely |
Revokeable sessions |
✅ Validate all inputs |
Always sanitize user input |
✅ 6. Nice-to-Haves
Feature |
Note |
📨 Email verification |
Validate user identity |
🔁 OAuth login (Google, GitHub) |
Improve UX |
📱 2FA |
Time-based OTP (TOTP) |
👀 Audit logs |
Track sensitive changes |