INTRODUCTION - papanisaicharan/Scalable-energy-efficient-scheme-on-mobile-nodes GitHub Wiki

IoT (INTERNET OF THINGS)

Internet of things is the interconnection of things, which are around us like devices or nonliving things are clubbed together and performs effective communication by establishing the protocols. Generally Internet of Things can be expressed as an advanced automation and analytics system which exploits networking, sensing, big-data, AI (Artificial Intelligence) to deliver complete system for a product or service. Figure 1.1 is an IoT based heterogeneous network architecture. IoT has very wide range of applications such as health care, detecting fire, transport, security systems, tracking of assets, surveillance of border. There is an estimation that about 25 billion will be in use by the year 2020 [1]. At present many applications require wireless objects that has limited battery power supply, but for providing wide range of services they need to run in uninterrupted way for longer time. A wireless nodes of such kind are in no way to provide required services after its battery energy runs out. Thus in order to make network life time better we need a protocol that conserves energy while communicating and greening efforts need to be taken. In green IoT besides major goal being Energy conservation there are other goals such as balance of load, allocation of resource in optimal way, fault tolerance, scalability to be achieved.

IOT-IMAGE

NEED OF INTERNET OF THINGS:

Before Internet of things we have to run from machine to machine telling them what to do but with the Internet of things we can interact, collaborate and share the experiences. This ultimately reduces the human intervention and the machines will be in continuous touch with each other.

APPLICATIONS OF INTERNET OF THINGS:

  1. IOT in Everyday life.
  • This can be explained through an example: Consider a home appliance such as A.C., now we go home and start A.C takes time to make the temperature of the room cool where as with the help of IOT we can create a communication between the A.C and our car through some sensor’s. By this link the A.C is on before we reach the home. In this way IOT is used in our everyday life.
  1. IOT in Healthcare.

Problems faced in Healthcare are:

  • No real time data available
  • Lack of Smart care devices
  • Inaccurate Standard analytics
  1. IOT in Smart cities.

Problems faced in smart cities:

  • Traffic Management
  • Housing issues
  • Waste Management
  • Water Resource Management
  • Pollution
  1. IOT in Agriculture.

IOT in Agriculture provides:

  • Precision Farming
  • Smart Irrigation
  • Smart Green House
  1. IOT in Industrial Automation.

IOT in Industrial Automation provides:

  • Optimisation
  • Quality Control
  • Cost Efficient

CHALLENGES IN IOT

The main challenges that exists in IOT:

  • Security

As the number of devices increases there should be security for those devices in IOT. This plays a vital role in IoT. One has to overcome security problems while implementing the IOT and this can be through the collaborative approach.

  • Privacy

This is mostly used in devices such as mobile-phones, cars and smart devices. Data protection and privacy laws are to be maintained in devices.

  • Standards

Without standards to guide manufacturers, developers sometimes design products that operate in disruptive ways on the Internet without much regard to their impact [2]. If poorly designed and configured, such devices can have negative consequences for the networking resources they connect to and the broader Internet [2]. So, Standards have become a big challenge in IOT.

  • Energy efficient communication

In IoT-based heterogeneous wireless network one of the most important factor to ensure is that less energy consumption while communication between nodes. It can be done by making nodes to communicate with shortest distant alive nodes, which in turn prolongs network life-time.

  • Scalability

There are lot of protocols available for WSN which doesn’t consider one of the major problem in IoT based networks which is scalability. Existing protocols such as SEP, Z-SEP, LEACH fails or has less performance when we apply over large scaled networks that is having very large number of WSN’s. So, a protocol must be designed in such a way that there is no decrease in performance as network size increases.