cuneiform - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki
https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/
https://build-oracc.museum.upenn.edu/projectlist.html
https://cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de (broken links)
The original scheme of syllables might be replaced or enhanced with a rich repertoire of sounds, similar to Caucasian languages ց cʿ. Over several millenia there must have been enormous creolic pressure to simplify the system phonetically. On the other hand, conflicting languages and merging consonant clusters might result in exotic sounds.
≈ 2800 BC The sign inventory was reduced from some 1,500 signs to some 600 signs, and writing became increasingly phonological. Determinant signs were re-introduced to avoid ambiguity. Use of the linear style as late as circa 2000 BC
rotated 90° counterclockwise, in effect putting them on their side slightly before the Akkadian period, at the time of the Uruk ruler Lugalzagesi ≈ 2270 BC
when Sumerian stopped being a spoken language
Elamite cuneiform ≈ 2200 BC
Hittite cuneiform ≈ 1800 BC - 13th BC
Hurrian 2300–1000 BC
Urartian 9th–6th BC
There is deep logic embedded in cuneiform signs everywhere.
It's almost like chinese mixing semantic and phonetic radicals :
𒁁 related to limbs =>
𒁺 GUB ≈ 𒆏 KAB, GAB2, GUB3 𒁁 + 𒀸𒁹 + 𒂠 ≈ 𒋗 left hand vs 𓂾 leg
https://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/sign_lists
| -a | -e | -i | -u | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | a [𒀀]], á [[𒀉]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/e-[𒂊), [𒂍]] , í=IÁ [𒐊]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/u-[[𒌋), ú 𒌑, ù 𒅇 | |||
| b- | ba [𒁀]], bá=PA [[𒉺]], bà=EŠ [[𒂠]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/be=BAD-[𒁁), bé=BI [𒁉]], bè=NI [[𒉌]] , bí=NE [𒉈]], bì=PI [[𒉿]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/bu-[[𒁍), bú=KASKAL 𒆜, bù=PÙ 𒅤 | |||
| d- | da [𒁕]], dá=TA [[𒋫]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/de=DI-[𒁲), dé missing in Unicode, dè=NE [𒉈]] , dí=TÍ [𒄭]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/du-[[𒁺), dú=TU 𒌅, dù=GAG 𒆕, du4=TUM 𒌈 | |||
| g- | ga [𒂵]], gá [[𒂷]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ge=GI-[𒄀), gé=KID [𒆤]], gè=DIŠ [[𒁹]] , gí=KID [𒆤]], gì=DIŠ [[𒁹]], gi4 [[𒄄]], gi5=KI [[𒆠]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/gu-[[𒄖), gú 𒄘, gù=KA 𒅗, gu4 𒄞, gu5=KU 𒆪, gu6=NAG 𒅘, gu7 𒅥 | |||
| ḫ- | ḫa [𒄩]], ḫá=ḪI.A [}}, ḫà=𒌋 [𒌋]], ḫa4=ḪI [[𒄭]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ḫe=ḪI-[𒄭), ḫé=GAN [𒃶]] , ḫí=GAN [𒃶]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ḫu-[[𒄷) | |||
| k- | ka [𒅗]], ká [[𒆍]], kà=GA [[𒂵]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ke=[𒆠), ké=GI [𒄀]] , kí=GI [𒄀]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ku-[[𒆪), kú=GU7 𒅥, kù 𒆬, ku4 𒆭 | |||
| l- | la [𒆷]], lá=LAL [[𒇲]], là=NU [[𒉡]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/le=LI-[𒇷), lé=NI [𒉌]] , lí=NI [𒉌]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/lu-[[𒇻), lú 𒇽 | |||
| m- | ma [𒈠]], má [[𒈣]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/me-[𒈨), mé=MI [𒈪]], mè [[𒀞]][[𒅠]] , mí=[𒊩]], mì=ME [[𒈨]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/mu-[[𒈬), mú=SAR 𒊬 | |||
| n- | na [𒈾]], ná [[𒈿]], nà=AG [[𒀝]]](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ne-[𒉈), né=NI [𒉌]] , ní=IM [𒉎]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/nu-[[𒉡), nú=NÁ 𒈿 | |||
| p- | pa [𒉺]], pá=BA [[𒐀]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/pe=PI-[𒉿), pé=BI [𒁉]] , pí=BI [𒁉]], pì=BAD [[𒁁]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/pu=BU-[[𒁍), pú=TÚL 𒇥, pù 𒅤 | |||
| r- | ra [𒊏]], rá=DU [[𒁺]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/re=RI-[𒊑), ré=URU [𒌷]] , rí=URU [𒌷]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ru-[[𒊒), rú=GAG 𒆕, rù=AŠ 𒀸 | |||
| s- | sa [𒊓]], sá=DI [[𒁲]], sà=ZA [[𒍝]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/se=SI-[𒋛), sé=ZI [𒍣]] , sí=ZI [𒍣]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/su-[[𒋢), sú=ZU 𒍪, sù=SUD 𒋤, su4 𒋜 | |||
| š- | ša [𒊭]], šá=NÍG [[𒐼]], šà [[𒊮]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/še-[𒊺), šé, šè [𒂠]] , ší=SI [𒋛]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/šu-[[𒋗), šú [𒋙]], šù=ŠÈ [[𒂠]], šu4=[𒌋 𒌋 | |||
| t- | ta [𒋫]], tá=DA [[𒁕]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/te-[𒋼), té=TÍ [𒊹]] , tí [𒊹]], tì=DIM [[𒁴]], ti4=DI [[𒁲]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/tu-[[𒌅), tú=UD 𒌓, tù=DU 𒁺 | |||
| z- | za [𒍝]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ze=ZI-[𒍣), zé=ZÌ [𒍢]] , zí [𒍢]], zì [[𒍥]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/zu-[[𒍪), zú=KA 𒅗 | |||
| g̃- | g̃á=GÁ [𒂷]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/g̃e26=GÁ-[[𒂷) | g̃i6=MI [𒈪]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/g̃u10=MU-[[𒈬) | ||
| ř- | řá=DU [𒁺]] ](/pannous/hieros/wiki/ře6=DU-[[𒁺) |