Reverse - pannous/hieros GitHub Wiki

¦ 𓄙

Todo: merge RTL right-to-left mirrored rotated reversed

Wanderwords and Kulturwords often exhibit extended matches with permuted consonants.
While permutations themselves can simply be genetic mutations of words, something deeper seems to go on.
One reason for perfectly reversed orthography might be that during the foundation period of writing the reading order of phrases and compound signs was not set in stone. Between cultures there might have been confusion between left to right and right to left readings.

See rotated / permuted words

article as orthocul orthographic little orientation a'rotation markers see ma

𓏶 𒈦 meso : semi

𒈦 SA₉ma ≈ 𒈦 maSA₉ MAŠ

𒈦 MAŠ meso SA₉ semi 1/2 "half; middle, center" 𓏶 𓅓 𓏏 mid 𓏇 𓏏 𓏮 𓏜 𓄟 Mitte

𒉆 nam -ment reverse

door : врата vrata 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃
𓂋 𓅱 𓏏 𓊀 | door | • 𓊀 𓏏 𓅱 𓂋 door
𓂋 𓅱 𓏏 𓊀 door : врата vrata 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃 haurds ⲣⲟ™ 𓉐 ⲟ •ports

𓌸𓂋 amore : romance 𓂋𓌹 reverse forms:
𒊏𒅎 ra-im beloved 𓂋𓌹
𒊏𒈬𒌑 ra-mu-ú loveliness 𓂋𓌹
𒄿𒊑𒈬 i-ri-mu resplendent 𓂋𓌸
𒊏𒄿𒈪 𒄿𒆠 ra-i-mi-i-ki loves you 𓂋𓌸𓎡
𒊑𒈪𒉡 𒌑 re-mé-nu-ú compasionate
𒇯𒁺 DU6×RE₆ = 𒁺 𒌗 RE₆.UD×U³ arādu arise

GUD 𒄞 DUG 𒂁

𓄙 Re reverse ferse
𓄙 re רֶגֶל régel leg@rind reverse

𓇋 𓃀 𓀤 | dance | ib hip hop hüpf < چاپ cáp
𓇋 𓃀 𓀤 | dance | hyper > պար par
𓇋 𓃀 𓀤 | dance | би bï бийе biye бије biǰe@Altai бейеү beyew бити “beat” / to be
𓇋 𓃀 𓀤 | dance | bóie < baile < ballō βαλλίζω (ballízō, “throw” bailarico, baileco, balada, festa, Ball ⇔ διαbαin

ma acted as a reverse reading direction marker :
𒋢 kuš կաշ kaši cushion reverse:
𒋢 mašku[n] 𓄟𓂓𓄛 skin մաշկ mašk مَسْك mask 𐎶𐏁𐎣𐎠 mussuck µ.Sack 𓎅
Note how both forms are in use in Armenian

Slightly different reversion:
𓄟𓂓𓄛 चर्म carmis < dermis 𓄛 @ Moschus μόσχος musketeer

Notably in Sumerian the micro etymology of compound characters reads right to left, even though the general reading direction is the opposite! Of the many examples here are some:

YA 𒅀 = Y+A 𒄿+𒀀 < MY 𒀀 mu 𒄿 y

𒍪𒀊 ZU.AB Abzu abyss
𒊑𒅆 IKI.RI ⲕⲁⲣⲁ kara krye kokë ϫⲁϫ čač cephal < IKI.paRI корта korta ϫⲱ čōv < ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ (head)
𒀭𒂗𒍪 SU.EN Sîn can candra
𒈗 = 𒃲 + 𒇽 Gal+lu Gallu / Lugal (crowned king)
TIM 𒁴 totem with 𒈨 'me' on the right end
US 𒊻 = 𒄷𒊺 ᵍHU-ŠE goose 𓅾
MAŠ2 𒈧 Dam+mas maš𒈦 Dammwild deer
𒈗 Legal Lugal Regent = 𒃲 GAL < great 𒇽 LÚ Leute : King(s), Gallier

One example c-n-b | b-n-g in

𓆰 cannabis κάνναβος 𒋆𒄣𒌦𒈾𒁍 qunnapu ܩܢܦܐ qnpʾ قِنَّب qinnab կանեփ kanepʿ kenevir
भाङ्ग (bhāṅga) بنگ (bang), the "reversed" forms of it (due to a taboo)

https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/κάνναβις#Ancient_Greek

𓂧 𓄿 𓃀 𓆳 Traube t-r-b | ph-r-t Fruit 𓉐 𓂋 𓏏 𓍁 𓈓 (drop|pear)
𓂧 𓄿 𓃀 𓆳 cherryb ⇔ sarap 𓇋 𓂋 𓊪 𓏉 | פרי p'ri fruit ph-r-t t-r-b ++ reverse
𓋴 𓏌 𓎸 Sirup | Tropfen (Wein) ferment 𓇋 𓂋 𓊪 𓏉
𓂧 𓂋 𓆑 𓏯 𓏜 | writing | script / writ 𓆑𓂋𓂧 reverse
𓂧 𓈙 𓂋 𓅟 𓁷 𓏤 | furious | яростен járostь ⇔ rasend reverse +++
𓏏 𓌳 𓋬 | mat | reverse

(re)turn ⇔ rotation

𒁱 DARA4 | red | dearg Celtic *dergos “red, crimson” PIE √dʰerg- “darken” đỏ

𓈙 𓊪 𓏏 𓁹 | blindness | слепота slepota@sleep < τυφλός thuphlós 𓈙 𓊪 𓏏 𓁹 reverse

𓊃 𓊪 𓊗 √separate s'part > portion porzione porção reverse

كيس kīs 𓎡 Taschen | šanṭa شَنْطَة çantë

track *dorga доро́га doróha drome 道路 どうろ dōro 도로 doro road reversed

Greek curse tablets 300BC use retrograde writing (Spiegelschrift), per phrase or per word.

𓋴 𓏏 𓊪 𓍉 𓏥 | choice | optiō(s) reverse !

𓈖 𓂝 𓂋 𓆛 | fish | nauer ⇔ 𓆛 ⲣⲁⲙⲓ rami 𓂋 𓅓 𓆛 𓂻 URIM 𒌶 URIN ⲣⲁⲙⲓ pêma πῆμα @ Rhein arrain @ basque

𓋴 𓃀 𓂻 | overstep | spill spoil ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ “overstep”
𓋴 𓃀 𓂻 | overstep | superstep > переступа́ть perestupátʹ ⇔ ultra-passar 𓂻 𓃀 𓋴 reverse

𓋴 𓄜 𓃀 𓃤 | hyena | 𒁍𒋢 bu-su “hyena” reversed

𓋴 𓈖 𓂉 𓀁 | kiss | 𒈾𒊭𒄣 na-ša-qu kiss “nose” נישק nishék 𐎐𐎌𐎖 našaq 𓈖 𓌢 𓂉 reverse

𒆰𒁀𒁍 kul-ba-bu “ant” ⇔ पिपीलिका pipīlikā

𓇗 šam-mu : Music

kern : nukleus 𓂋 semi-permutation because n.𓂋 𓂋.n is atomic

𒊍𒁺𒁉𒌅 as'qub-bi-tu | gibb™ ⇔ कूबड़ kūbaṛ гъ́рбица gǎ́rbica бүкір bükir Buckel reverse

RE prefix indicating reading direction vs µ ?

𒊏𒈠𒆪 ra-ma-ku kumbah “wash”

𒆧𒊒 kis-ru | ריכוז rikuz "concentration"

𒆧𒋗 qiš-šu | σίκυος síkuos "cucumber"

sometimes permuted reverse forms are both attested in the same language:

𓌦 𓏏 𓐍 𓏴 𓀜 | weave | 𒋳 TUKU тукырга tuqırga توقۇماق toqumaq токуу toquu Tuch textile tech
𓋴 𓐍 𓏏 𓌦 | weave | scert < тӗрт tĕrt √turn > teixir tech tex тъкати tŭkati tisser @ tissue Tuch

𓍋 𓅓 𓂋 𓉴 pyramid

Many words are cognate if they are read right to left
𓊪 𓂧 𓋴 𓂾 podes𓃀stamp
𓇋 𓏏 𓆑 (f)atav | father
𓈙 𓏏 𓍃 𓅓 𓅯 𓀁||hostility| ال𓅯 عداوة
...
𓊿 Amun Narmer?
𓅞 Toth teacher immutable

In a time when reading order was not settled these variants might have arisen via errors 'lost in translation', puns, consonant permutations or (less likely) : coincidence.

According to Wikipedia Some reversed forms may have arisen from taboos

mirror 𓌴 𓁹 𓄿 𓅱 𓁷 𓏤 𓈔
mirror 𓋹 𓏤 𓈔 ⲓⲁⲗ
mirrored
resemble 𓈖 𓁷 𓂋 near ⲓⲁⲗ mirror

𓏇|𒁲|equal|𒁲 sá@Sumer gleich g'equal g'like 𓏇𓏏𓏲𓏛𓀀 hamtag@Pers 𒃮 si-sá:right? [Sem g-l-b = catch<grab]
𓏇||equal|𓏇 = 𓅓𓂝𓄿𓌙𓌙𓀁 misme mesimilar vs 𓏮𓏌 ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”

𓎸 𓎹
maybe also see
𓐣 𓂝 𓏛 𓂋 𓇋 𓇋 𓏏 𓏛||judge|_REIT: right : Richter
𓌷 𓂝 𓏏 𓆄 𓏛 𓏥||(adv.) truth, right-doing,
𓌴 𓐙 𓂝 𓏏 𓅂 𓏛 𓀀 𓏥||just men, the righteous (the blessed dead)|
𓌞 𓅃||follower of Horus, righteous person|
𓋀 𓏤||right (hand), right side, the west|
𓋀𓏏 𓆄𓏏𓅂||#IMNT Amun(sWesten) Veastan|
𓊿||right (-hand), right - side, the West|
𓊿 𓅂||(pl.) Westerners|
𓆄 𓏏 𓏤||right - doing, righteousness|ju'ti
𓇋 𓏠 𓈖 𓊿||right (-hand), right - side, the West|amena yamiyn@HEB! ⇔ Benjamin
𓃭 𓏤 𓇋 𓏏 𓂢||side| ⇔ left?
𓂝 𓈎 𓄿 𓂭 𓂭 𓏜||use aright, correct, straightness, exact sense| stright-dealing, | akurate
𓂋 𓐍 𓇓 𓏏 𓈖 𓀭||king's aquaintance|rek su'tan / "right-hand of Sultan"
𓂋 𓇋 𓏏 𓂋 𓆵 𓏥 𓇳 𓆑||at his (proper) times|right rhythm
𓂋 𓂧 𓂾||foot|roid-ƥođ / ?road/rot/right foot ?
𓂋 𓎡||(enclitic part.) but, now| right
𓂋 𓈖 𓂢||shoulder, arm, uprights (of ladder), side|AR+M

Meso/semi misma/similar
𒈦 maš vs 𒈨 MES Meso: Half 𒈦 Akk. mišlu = middle 𒈦 ša/mas=semi mirrored

Human race 𐀪 人 ris 𓂋𓍿𓏏𓀀𓏥 = 𐩹𐩫𐩧 ḏkr 𒍑

shield 𓇋 𓎡 𓅓 𓄛
ⲑⲁⲣⲙⲓ f. leathern shield
𓄛Ther+𓅓M+𓎡+I = ⲑⲁⲣⲙⲓ wrong-way mirrored
cuirass (der Kürass = Brustharnisch ⲑⲁⲣⲙⲓ ⋍ tharnisch :)))

имѧ NAME! jméno

𓂧𓏇𓇌𓊖𓏌𓅃𓏤 Damanhur!
𓂧𓏇𓇌𓊖𓏌𓅃𓏤 ᵈHermopolis Parva,
𓂧𓏇𓇌𓊖𓏌𓅃𓏤 Metelis, capital of NL8 𓈧 ( 𓂧𓏇 mitten )

𓌻 𓂋 𓇋 𓇋 𓏏 𓀀 𓏥 𓁐 | weavers | תָּפַר tafár reverse 𓀀 𓏏 𓇋 𓇋 𓂋 vs Töpfer

𒄑𒋆𒊍 GIŠ ŠIM.AZ asum myrtle reverse!

𒅆 ŠI < 𒋾 TI thousand 1000 𓆼
𒅆 ŠI = ǦI/LIM ( orthography!) kilo 𓆼 𒅆 LIM mille

𒈨𒉌 mì-ni "number" 𓏠 𓈖 Menge
𒄠𒉡 am-nu number manû COUNT

𒅕𒁍 ir-bu | locust | irbu #erbu #erbû אַרְבֶּה arbé (straight forward!)
𒅕𒁍 ir-bu | locust | 𒁍𒅕 bu-ir 𒉅𒄭𒀀 BURU₅.ḪI.A ⲃⲣⲟⲩ ⲃⲣⲟⲩⲕⲟⲥ ⲃⲣⲟⲩⲭⲟⲥ

𒆷 𒈨𒉌 la mì-ni numberless i.e. countless unmengen

𒀭𒌫 ᶞan-ʰur2 "horizon"

𒊩 MUN νύμφα númpha "bride" reverse

𒃦 GA₂׊E+TUR ≈ ŠE×GA₂+TUR ≈ EŠ.AG+TUR esaĝtur !!

enna 𒎎𒂗 NA.EN 𒉌𒌓𒂗 ennakku

𒊾 ŠEG₉=kiši "ant"

𒀭 𒈪 an-ĝi6 anĝi ≈ night negir ग्रहण grahaṇa "eclipse"

𒊮.𒂗.𒆕 SHA₃.EN => ANŠE reverse

𒊏𒌅 ra-ṭu √rota toru труба́ trubá > tube
𒊏𒌅 pipe

𓅓 𓂟 , 𓅓 𓂝 ምንት mənt “what” ምን min 𒂗𒉆 #minû ennam "what"

𒂠𒁇;𒐈𒁇 #purussûm reverse (𒁇 bar < puru)

𒉆 SIM -ism !
𒉆 SÍN > -ness reverse in 𒉆𒃴 cleverness, skilfulness
𒉆 ˢNAMˢ > -(s)ness

𒍀 gur₅ 𒄖𒌷 GU×URU usually URU x GU

𒅘𒋾;𒅴𒋼 immen₂ti;imminte ᵗimminte "thirst" צימאון tsimaon 𒌓 ጥም ṭəm 𒌓 ʕaṭaš צָמָא tsamá ظَمَأ ẓamaʔ #şamû şūmu
𒅴𒄀 ᶻemengi 𓃙 𓈗 𓀜 ⋍ 𓏠 मेमना memnā lamb

𒄷𒄭;𒁁 mud;mud₂ blood 𒄷𒄭 dāmu reverse daMudama doubling

𒀯𒅊 mul-sig7 darkness 𒍪𒈬𒊌 /sumug/ reverse ⇔ ظَلَام ẓalām ظُلْمَة ẓulma
𒀯𒅊 mul-sig7 darkness darkness mulsig mallumo@Esperanto mal mull moll < murky mörker myrkur mrok ⇔ muddy 𐎎𐎄𐎂𐎚 mdgt 𒌓𒄷𒄭 /udmud/

𓂋 𓈙 𓂉 ⲣⲁϣⲓ raši rejoice vs
𓂋 𓈙 𓂋 𓈙 𓂉 (re)surūr سُرُور 𒃻𒄾𒄾 šá•rur 𓋴 𓏴 𓍑 𓁷 𓏤 𒃻𒄾 "joy" cheer reverse (if read upwards)

𓈙 𓂋 𓏏 𓂉 𓄹 srout ⋍ snout
𓈙 𓂋 𓏏 𓂉 𓄹 sudur @ Basque @ 𓃟 𒂄 ?

𓇗 Music 𒊩𒍠 mi₂za₃ frequent reverse form of 𒍠𒊩 za₃mi₂

𒉡 NU -ner in 𒉡𒊬 gardener reverse

reverse 𒄑

𒄑 IS s- prefix ⇔ -os suffix reverse

𒄑𒁔;𒄑𒁖;𒄑𒁓 {ĝeš}par{ĝeš} βρόχος (s)brókhos

𒄑𒋗 šu{ĝeš} shackles

𐎔 tab ¦ repeat reverse

𒅁 •BR #pirištu 𒅁 ᵇuraš buraš राज़ rāz راز ¦ सेर سر ser "secret" reverse

𓂓 𓂋 𓇋 𓉬 | shrine | Kar KUR ¦ ра́ка ráka relicário reverse

𓅓 𓂟, 𓅓 𓂝 ምንት mənt “what” 𒀀𒈾𒀀𒀭 a-na-am₃ anan anam

𒃲𒄑𒌆𒋼𒀀𒁺 azlaggalₓ(|GAL.GIŠ.TUG₂ .TE.A.DU|) azlaggal

𒍠 ZA₃ 𒈨𒍠 zà.mi frequent in Proto-Cuneiform

𐀄𐀡 ᵍu-po ˢu-po sub под pod "under"

𐀵𐀭 to-sa τόσαι such

𒃥 GA₂׊E asag 𒃥 'ŠE·GA₂ asag 𒀀𒊕 a-sag 𒆬𒀭 esaĝ heir

𒀲 donkey 𒂄𒆬 dun.ku ¦ 𒆬𒂄 •kurdon κέρδος kérdos кары́сць karýscʹ 𓄙 reverse

𒆳 𒊮 kuršag центр гор "center of the mountains" ⇔ 山岳の中心 sangaku…

𓋴 𓃀 𓐍 𓏏 𓊀 | portal | • 𓏏 𓐍 𓃀 𓊀 díszkapu reverse 𓃀 𓏏 𓐍 𓊀 pórtico

𓆑 𓂧 𓈎 𓍢 | sever, divide, part | قَطَعَ qaṭaʕa kitkeä katkaista cut reverse

cut > cuth > c-s cease …

կիսել kisel قَسَّمَ qassama

𓌸 𓂋 𒐊𒊏𒄠𒈬 i-ra-am-mu irammu "(be)loved" reverse

𓏲 𓈙 𓅓 𓀜 | mix | 1/mischen

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