Welcome in this tutorial on how to make an open source electric skateboard 🛹! We'll go through it step by step, from understanding the general structure of the skateboard, down to how to control the motor to have a smooth ride !

:arrow_forward:️ Let's get started !

Bill of Materials

• A longboard that you want to convert is a e-skateboard !
• A 18V battery from a cordless drill
• A 350kV BLDC motor or a powerfull brushed DC motor
• A belt and two pulleys
• A OwnVerter board (BLDC version) or alternatively a Twist board (DC version).

Intro and general description on how it works

An electric skateboard consists of several subsystems that work together to provide a smooth and enjoyable riding experience. Let's explore each subsystem and understand how it functions:

graph LR;
  style User fill:#FACD0E, stroke:#000000;
  style Remote fill:#ED7D31, stroke:#000000;
  style ESC fill:#ED7D31, stroke:#000000;
  style Motor fill:#A5A5A5, stroke:#000000;
  style Battery fill:#4472C4, stroke:#000000;
  style Deck fill:#70AD47, stroke:#000000;
  style Trucks fill:#70AD47, stroke:#000000;
  style Wheels fill:#70AD47, stroke:#000000;

  User(User) --> |Control|Remote[Remote Control]
  Remote --> |Sends commands|ESC["Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)"]
  ESC --> |Control Speed|Motor["Electric Motor"]
  Motor --> |Propels skateboard|Wheels[Wheels]
  Motor --> |Control braking|Wheels[Wheels]
  Battery --> |Provides power|ESC
  Deck[Deck] --> |Supports|Trucks[Trucks]
  Trucks --> |Supports| Wheels
  User -->|Riding| Deck

1. Deck

The deck is the main platform of the skateboard. It is typically made of sturdy materials like wood or carbon fiber. The deck provides the rider with a stable surface to stand on while also offering flexibility for absorbing shocks and vibrations

We won't provide detailed instructions on to make your deck and trucks in this tutorial, but you can definitely check out this project : https://sk8cad.com/ - Open source software to design your own Deck.

2. Trucks

Trucks are metal components that connect the wheels to the deck. They consist of an axle, a hanger, and bushings. The trucks allow the wheels to pivot, enabling the rider to steer and maneuver the skateboard. They also provide stability and distribute the rider's weight evenly across the deck.

3. Wheels

The wheels of an electric skateboard are responsible for providing traction and a smooth ride. They are usually made of durable polyurethane and come in various sizes and hardness levels. Larger wheels offer more stability and can roll over rough surfaces, while smaller wheels provide better acceleration and maneuverability.

In this tutorial we recommend you starting with a long-board with big wheels that are perfectly suitable for making a e-skateboard !

4. Electric Motor

The electric motor is the heart of the electric skateboard. It is typically mounted on the rear truck and is connected to the wheel via a drive belt or a direct-drive system. The motor converts electrical energy from the battery into mechanical power, which propels the skateboard forward. By controlling the motor's speed and torque, the rider can accelerate or decelerate.

There are different kind of electric motors. Most popular electric motors for skateboard are Brushless DC motors (BLDC). However regular DC motors with brushes can also be used.

5. Battery

The battery is the power source of the electric skateboard. It provides electrical energy to the motor, enabling the skateboard to move. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used due to their high energy density and lightweight nature. The battery is usually mounted on the deck or enclosed within it. Charging the battery is necessary to replenish the energy and extend the riding time.

6. Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)

The electronic speed controller, or ESC, acts as the intermediary between the rider's inputs and the motor. It receives signals from the rider via a handheld remote or a wireless connection and translates them into commands for the motor. The ESC controls the speed, acceleration, and braking of the skateboard, ensuring a responsive riding experience.

7. Remote Control

The remote control is the interface through which the rider communicates with the electric skateboard. It allows the rider to control the speed and direction of the skateboard. The remote typically consists of a handheld device with buttons or a thumb-controlled joystick. It wirelessly communicates with the ESC to transmit the rider's commands.

8. Braking System

In this example electric skateboards utilize the motor as its braking system. When the user wants to decelerate, the motor acts as a generator and charge the battery. This provide an electric brake for the skateboard.

This part will be further discussed in following chapters.