Summary

Establishing the utilisation of borehole information within geoscientific infrastructures and communities

Terms

Concept/Feature: Borehole

Definition

Same as in Use Case 1

Properties/Attributes

Same as in Use Case 1

Concept/Feature: Borehole Log

Definition

"Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record (a well log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole. The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the surface (geological logs) or on physical measurements made by instruments lowered into the hole(geophysical logs). Some types of geophysical well logs can be done during any phase of a well's history: drilling, completing, producing, or abandoning. Well logging is performed in boreholes drilled for the oil and gas, groundwater, mineral and geothermal exploration, as well as part of environmental and geotechnical studies.", (Wikipedia)

Properties/Attributes

Geological Unit

A geological unit is a classification of a sample (e.g., interval of a core, rock sample) based on for example geophysical measurements or age determinaton

Lithology

"The lithology of a rock unit is a description of its physical characteristics visible at outcrop, in hand or core samples" (Wikipedia)

Litho-Stratigraphy

Assigns a lithology to an Observation like for example a Category Observation.

Chrono-Stratigraphy

Assigns a temporal classification to an Observation like for example a Category Observation. An interval (sequence of geological strata) can be for example identified as belonginmg to the Permian.

Concept/Feature: Geological Structure

Definition

"three-dimensional distribution of rock units" (Wikipedia)

"Geological structures are structures in the Earth's crust that have geological causes. There are many types of geological structures and these can have several causes. For example, tectonics caused widespread deformation of the crust like fractures and folds. Volcanism can also cause various geological structures such as volcanoes or intrusions."(fossil.net)

An example is a geological horizon like "The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K-T) boundary, a geological signature, usually a thin band of rock", (Wikipedia).

Borehole Logs can be used to verify or adapt existing 3D-Models of a specific structure. If for example a significant amount of Iridium is measured in a geophysical log at certain depth interval, the according unit can be identified as belonging to a geological horizon, which in turn has been observed (modelled) as a geological structure and classified (categorized) as K-T boundary. If the depth information of the both samples differ from each other the model can be adapted according to the depth information from the borehole log.

Concept/Feature: Digital Model

Definition

A Digital Model is the approximation of a geological structure by either explicite (manually with appropriate tools) or implicite modelling (application of Numerical Models to observations and measurements

Concept/Feature: Numerical Model

Definition

"In geology, numerical modeling is a widely applied technique to tackle complex geological problems by computational simulation of geological scenarios." (Wikipedia)

Properties/Attributes

Seismic Profile

tbd

Concept/Feature: Correlation

Definition

"... is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. In the broadest sense correlation is any statistical association, though in common usage it most often refers to how close two variables are to having a linear relationship with each other.", (Wikipedia).

A correlation in the proposed use cases could be provided by comparing the depth information of a geological horizon, which was numerically modelled with information from a borehole (lithology) log.