PHANTOM is a collection of reference-grade computational human phantom libraries developed by physicists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in collaboration with external partners. These phantoms are designed to support population-based radiation dose estimation, benchmarking, and research or regulatory-facing analyses, and serve as the anatomical foundation for NCI dose tools (NCICT, NCINM, and NCIRF).

The PHANTOM libraries represent reference and body size–dependent pediatric, adult, and pregnant populations and are intended for Monte Carlo–based radiation transport simulations, rather than patient-specific clinical modeling.

Intended use
PHANTOM libraries are intended for reference dosimetry and computational research.
They are not intended for patient-specific clinical treatment planning or site-customized anatomical modeling.

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The PHANTOM libraries currently available are summarized below.
A cross mark (×) indicates availability for release.

File format	UF/NCI reference size phantoms	UF/NCI body size-dependent phantoms1	ICRP reference phantoms	UF/NCI pregnant women phantoms
Number of phantoms	12	362	12	8
Arms2	w and w/o	w and w/o	w and w/o	w and w/o
Binary voxel	×	×	Available from ICRP 110 and 143	×
DICOMRT3	×	×	×	×
MC input available	MCNP (w arms), GEANT4 (w/o arms)
Reference	Lee 2010	Geyer 2014	ICRP 110, ICRP 143	Maynard 2014

¹ The body size–dependent phantom files are large and may be provided upon request via external file transfer services.

² Phantoms with the arms removed are intended for imaging geometries in which the patient’s arms are raised.

³ DICOMRT files are available only for phantoms with the arms removed. DICOM-CT and DICOM-structure files can be directly imported into Treatment Planning Systems (TPS).
Recommended citation for DICOMRT files: Griffin 2019

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The file _mastertable_ref&size.xlsx contains anatomical and material data required for Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations. The file includes the following tabs:

• about Contents of this master table

• summary_arm
  Organ voxel tags, organ names, and material card identifiers for UF/NCI phantoms with arms attached

• density_reference
  Organ and tissue density for the reference size phantoms

• material
  Material identifiers, material types, elemental compositions, and mass fractions

• dose response function
  Photon dose response functions (absorbed dose per unit fluence) for active marrow and endosteum

• marrow_fraction
  Fractions of active marrow and endosteum assigned to individual skeletal sites

These tables ensure consistent, reproducible mapping between voxelized anatomy, material definitions, and dosimetric response functions across NCI dose tools.

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The following enhancements are under active development and may be released in future versions:

• Detailed organ substructure models (e.g., heart, brain)
• Implementation of lymphatic node models in the body size–dependent phantom library