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Reading Network Address Translation (NAT)

What is the main purpose for implementing NAT on a network?

To give multiple devices with different private IP addresses a single public address.

At what layer of the OSI model does NAT happen?

Layer 3

What happens to packets when NAT runs out of addresses in the pool of available IPs?

the packets will be dropped, and ICMP: host unreachable message will be sent

What disadvantage does using NAT pose for routers?

routers now have to tamper with port numbers which is Layer 3 where originally, a router shouldn't have to because it's Layer 2 Videos Network Address Translation (NAT) Common Network Types IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing