Bacteroides acidifaciens - mucosal-immunology-lab/bacterial-database GitHub Wiki
| Bacterial Information | Value |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy level | Species |
| NCBI Taxonomy ID | 85831 |
| Phylum | Bacteroidetes |
| Family | Bacteroidaceae |
| Genus | Bacteroides |
| Gram stain | Gram-negative |
| Oxygen requirements | Obligately anaerobic |
| Spore-forming | No |
| Motile | No |
B. acidifaciens is an obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative species that exhibits good growth in bile acid, aesculin hydrolysis, and G6PHD/6PGDH activity (Miyamoto 2000). Cells grown on EG agar plates are 0.8 – 1.3 x 1.6 – 8.0 μm. Colonies on EG agar plates after two days incubation are 1.3 mm in diameter, circular, entire, raised convex, smooth and greyish-coloured. Acid is produced from pre-reduced anaerobically sterilised peptone-yeast extract broth with Fildes' digest (PYF) without any carbohydrate. H2S production is negative. The major end products of glucose fermentation are acetic and succinic acids. The G+C content of DNA is 39.4 – 42.2 mol %.
B. acidifaciens is a typical, mucin-degrading commensal bacteria found on the colonic outer mucus layer, along with Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansia muciniphila (in mice and humans)(Paone 2020). It promotes IgA antibody production in the large intestine by inducing activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression (Nakajima 2020).
Potential reduction in low protein diets.
B. acidifaciens-like bacteria tended to be higher in mice fed a standard protein (20% soy protein) diet than those fed a low protein (5% soy protein) diet, although the difference was not significant (Nakamura 2021).
Promotes increased peripheral insulin sensitivity and a lean body type.
B. acidifaciens is positively associated with increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (Yang 2017). Yang et al. (2017) showed that Atg7ΔCD11c mice (having dendritic cells with defective autophagy) had significantly reduced body weight and fat mass than Atg7f/f (having adipose cells with defective autophagy)(Yang 2017). They also had significantly expanded B. acidifaciens, which protected against insulin sensitivity and obesity.
Oral administration of B. acidifaciens led to a lean phenotype in high-fat diet-fed B6 mice by activating fat oxidation through the bile acid-TGR5-PPARα axis in adipose tissues, which may lead to high energy expenditure. Simultaneously, it lowered dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in the gut and subsequently increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which may contribute to glucose homeostasis (Yang 2017).
Increased in a mouse model of depression.
In a mice model of chronic social defeated stress (CSDS) to study depressive behaviour, where C57BL/6J mice were exposed to aggressive CD1 mice and subsequently tested using a battery of behavioural tests, B. acidifaciens was increased (LDA score: 3.9261; p = 0.0025)(Gong 2021).
Lee et al. have demonstrated lower relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, including B. acidifaciens in rheumatoid arthritis patients, but increased relative abundance in patients with osteoarthritis (Lee 2019).