Uptime calculation and ensuring high % - michaelthielemans/ProjectHosting GitHub Wiki

Uptime = (total time the system is running - downtime / total time the system is running) * 100

Example: system was down for 10 hours in a month (out of a total 720 hours in a month) uptime = (720 - 10 / 720) * 100 = 710 / 720 * 100 = 98.61%

To ensure high uptime %:

Redundancy at Every Level:

  • Use redundant power supplies, networking equipment, and hardware components to minimize the risk of single points of failure.
  • Programs/tools: Redundant hardware configurations, backup power supplies, network redundancy protocols (e.g., Spanning Tree Protocol, Link Aggregation Control Protocol).

Load Balancing:

  • Distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers to prevent any single server from becoming overwhelmed.
  • Programs/tools: Load balancers such as NGINX, HAProxy, or built-in load balancing services provided by cloud providers like AWS Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) or Google Cloud Load Balancer.

Maintenance and Monitoring:

  • Regularly perform software updates, security patches, and hardware checks to prevent potential issues.
  • Monitor system health, performance metrics, and uptime/downtime using monitoring tools.
  • Programs/tools: Monitoring solutions like Prometheus, Grafana, Nagios, Zabbix, or commercial tools like Datadog or New Relic.

Automated Failover:

  • Set up automated failover mechanisms to quickly detect and respond to failures by redirecting traffic to redundant systems.
  • Programs/tools: Automated failover solutions provided by cloud providers, or custom scripts and configurations using tools like Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, or HashiCorp Consul.

Scalability:

  • Scale horizontally by adding more servers to handle increased traffic and workload.
  • Scale vertically by increasing resources (CPU, memory, storage) on existing servers.
  • Programs/tools: Cloud infrastructure services like AWS Auto Scaling, Kubernetes for container orchestration, or virtualization platforms like VMware vSphere for vertical scaling.

Response Time Optimization:

  • Optimize website and application code for fast response times by minimizing file sizes, database queries, and utilizing content delivery networks (CDNs) to cache and serve static content.
  • Programs/tools: Website performance optimization tools like Google PageSpeed Insights, Pingdom, GTmetrix, or using CDN services like Cloudflare, Akamai, or Amazon CloudFront.

DDoS Protection:

  • Implement DDoS protection measures to mitigate and prevent attacks that can cause downtime.
  • Programs/tools: DDoS protection services provided by cloud providers, web application firewalls (WAFs) like ModSecurity or Cloudflare WAF, or specialized DDoS protection appliances.

Backups:

  • Regularly back up data to ensure that in the event of data loss or corruption, you can restore services quickly.
  • Programs/tools: Backup solutions like AWS Backup, Google Cloud Backup, or self-managed backup scripts and tools for on-premises environments.