🏗️ Project Structure

Panduan lengkap arsitektur dan struktur proyek barbershop management system.

📁 Directory Overview

barbershop_app/
├── app/                          # Core application logic
│   ├── Console/Commands/         # Artisan commands
│   ├── Http/                     # HTTP layer
│   │   ├── Controllers/          # Controllers
│   │   ├── Middleware/           # Custom middleware
│   │   └── Requests/             # Form requests
│   ├── Models/                   # Eloquent models
│   ├── Policies/                 # Authorization policies
│   ├── Providers/                # Service providers
│   └── Helper/                   # Helper functions
├── bootstrap/                    # Application bootstrap
├── config/                       # Configuration files
├── database/                     # Database related files
│   ├── factories/                # Model factories
│   ├── migrations/               # Database migrations
│   └── seeders/                  # Database seeders
├── public/                       # Public web assets
│   ├── assets/                   # Static assets
│   ├── build/                    # Built frontend assets
│   ├── clients/                  # Client-side resources
│   └── images/                   # Image assets
├── resources/                    # Raw application resources
│   ├── css/                      # Stylesheets
│   ├── js/                       # JavaScript files
│   └── views/                    # Blade templates
├── routes/                       # Route definitions
├── storage/                      # Generated files & logs
│   ├── app/                      # Application generated files
│   ├── framework/                # Framework generated files
│   └── logs/                     # Log files
├── vendor/                       # Composer dependencies
├── wiki/                         # Documentation files
├── .env.example                  # Environment variables template
├── composer.json                 # PHP dependencies
├── package.json                  # Node.js dependencies
├── vite.config.js               # Vite configuration
└── tailwind.config.js           # Tailwind CSS configuration

🎯 Application Architecture

MVC Pattern Implementation

graph TD
    A[User Request] --> B[Route]
    B --> C[Middleware]
    C --> D[Controller]
    D --> E[Model]
    E --> F[Database]
    D --> G[View]
    G --> H[Response]
    
    subgraph "Additional Layers"
        I[Policies]
        J[Requests]
        K[Services]
        L[Jobs]
    end
    
    D --> I
    D --> J
    D --> K
    D --> L

📂 Core Application Structure

1. Controllers (app/Http/Controllers/)

Authentication Controllers

Auth/
├── LoginController.php           # User login logic
├── RegisterController.php        # User registration
├── GoogleAuthController.php      # Google OAuth integration
└── AdminAuthController.php       # Admin authentication

Main Controllers

├── HomeController.php            # Homepage & dashboard
├── UserController.php            # User management
├── AdminController.php           # Admin operations
├── StoreController.php           # Store listings
├── ReviewController.php          # Review system
├── PointController.php           # Point management
└── CodeController.php            # Redeem code system

API Controllers (if needed)

Api/
├── AuthController.php            # API authentication
├── UserController.php            # User API endpoints
└── StoreController.php           # Store API endpoints

2. Models (app/Models/)

// Core Models Structure
Models/
├── User.php                      # Customer model
├── Admin.php                     # Administrator model
├── Store.php                     # Barbershop stores
├── Review.php                    # Store reviews
├── HistoryPoint.php             # Point transactions
└── ReedemCode.php               # Redeem codes

// Model Relationships Example
class User extends Authenticatable
{
    // Relationships
    public function historyPoints() { return $this->hasMany(HistoryPoint::class); }
    public function reviews() { return $this->hasMany(Review::class); }
    
    // Accessors
    public function getTotalPointsAttribute() { 
        return $this->historyPoints()->sum('points'); 
    }
    
    // Scopes
    public function scopeActive($query) {
        return $query->whereNull('deleted_at');
    }
}

3. Middleware (app/Http/Middleware/)

Middleware/
├── Authenticate.php              # User authentication
├── AdminAuthenticate.php         # Admin authentication
├── RedirectIfAuthenticated.php   # Guest middleware
├── VerifyCsrfToken.php          # CSRF protection
├── EncryptCookies.php           # Cookie encryption
└── RedeemThrottle.php           # Custom rate limiting for redeem

4. Requests (app/Http/Requests/)

Requests/
├── Auth/
│   ├── LoginRequest.php          # Login validation
│   └── RegisterRequest.php       # Registration validation
├── UserUpdateRequest.php         # User profile updates
├── ReviewStoreRequest.php        # Review submission
├── RedeemCodeRequest.php         # Code redemption
└── AdminCreateCodeRequest.php    # Admin code creation

5. Policies (app/Policies/)

Policies/
├── UserPolicy.php                # User authorization
├── AdminPolicy.php               # Admin authorization
├── ReviewPolicy.php              # Review permissions
└── StorePolicy.php               # Store permissions

// Example Policy Structure
class UserPolicy
{
    public function viewAny(User $user) { return true; }
    public function view(User $user, User $model) { return $user->id === $model->id; }
    public function update(User $user, User $model) { return $user->id === $model->id; }
    public function delete(User $user, User $model) { return false; } // Users can't delete themselves
}

🗄️ Database Structure

Migrations (database/migrations/)

migrations/
├── 0001_01_01_000000_create_users_table.php
├── 0001_01_01_000001_create_cache_table.php
├── 0001_01_01_000002_create_jobs_table.php
├── 2024_12_17_093431_create_admins_table.php
├── 2024_12_17_111332_create_history_points_table.php
├── 2024_12_17_151944_create_reedem_codes_table.php
├── 2024_12_18_032226_create_reviews_table.php
├── 2025_08_03_121518_create_personal_access_tokens_table.php
├── 2025_08_03_122319_add_soft_deletes_to_users_table.php
└── 2025_08_03_122512_add_soft_deletes_to_admins_table.php

Seeders (database/seeders/)

seeders/
├── DatabaseSeeder.php            # Main seeder orchestrator
├── AdminSeeder.php               # Admin accounts
├── UserSeeder.php                # Sample users
├── StoreSeeder.php               # Store data
└── ReedemCodeSeeder.php         # Sample redeem codes

// Example Seeder Structure
class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run()
    {
        $this->call([
            AdminSeeder::class,
            UserSeeder::class,
            StoreSeeder::class,
            ReedemCodeSeeder::class,
        ]);
    }
}

Factories (database/factories/)

factories/
├── UserFactory.php               # User test data
├── AdminFactory.php              # Admin test data
└── ReviewFactory.php             # Review test data

// Example Factory
class UserFactory extends Factory
{
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'name' => fake()->name(),
            'email' => fake()->unique()->safeEmail(),
            'password' => Hash::make('password'),
            'phone' => fake()->phoneNumber(),
        ];
    }
}

🎨 Frontend Structure

Views (resources/views/)

views/
├── layouts/                      # Layout templates
│   ├── app.blade.php            # Main application layout
│   ├── admin.blade.php          # Admin dashboard layout
│   └── guest.blade.php          # Guest/public layout
├── components/                   # Reusable components
│   ├── forms/                   # Form components
│   ├── cards/                   # Card components
│   └── navigation/              # Navigation components
├── auth/                        # Authentication views
│   ├── login.blade.php          # Login page
│   ├── register.blade.php       # Registration page
│   └── google-callback.blade.php # OAuth callback
├── admin/                       # Admin dashboard views
│   ├── dashboard.blade.php      # Admin dashboard
│   ├── users/                   # User management
│   ├── codes/                   # Code management
│   └── analytics/               # Analytics views
├── pages/                       # Public pages
│   ├── home.blade.php           # Homepage
│   ├── stores/                  # Store listings
│   └── profile/                 # User profile
└── errors/                      # Error pages
    ├── 404.blade.php            # Not found
    ├── 500.blade.php            # Server error
    └── maintenance.blade.php     # Maintenance mode

Assets (resources/)

resources/
├── css/
│   ├── app.css                  # Main stylesheet
│   ├── admin.css                # Admin-specific styles
│   └── components/              # Component-specific styles
├── js/
│   ├── app.js                   # Main JavaScript entry
│   ├── admin.js                 # Admin dashboard JS
│   ├── components/              # JavaScript components
│   └── utils/                   # Utility functions
└── images/                      # Source images
    ├── logos/                   # Brand logos
    ├── icons/                   # Custom icons
    └── placeholders/            # Placeholder images

Public Assets (public/)

public/
├── build/                       # Vite compiled assets
├── assets/                      # Static assets
│   ├── css/                     # Additional stylesheets
│   ├── js/                      # Additional JavaScript
│   ├── images/                  # Public images
│   └── extensions/              # Third-party libraries
├── clients/                     # Client-side resources
├── storage/                     # Storage symlink
├── favicon.ico                  # Site favicon
├── robots.txt                   # Search engine directives
└── index.php                    # Application entry point

🛠️ Service Layer Architecture

Service Providers (app/Providers/)

Providers/
├── AppServiceProvider.php       # Main service provider
├── SecurityServiceProvider.php  # Security configurations
├── AuthServiceProvider.php      # Authentication policies
├── EventServiceProvider.php     # Event listeners
└── RouteServiceProvider.php     # Route configurations

// Example Service Provider
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    public function register()
    {
        $this->app->singleton(PointService::class);
        $this->app->singleton(WhatsAppService::class);
    }
    
    public function boot()
    {
        // Global view composers
        View::composer('*', function ($view) {
            $view->with('appName', config('app.name'));
        });
    }
}

Custom Services (app/Services/)

Services/
├── PointService.php             # Point system logic
├── WhatsAppService.php          # WhatsApp integration
├── GoogleOAuthService.php       # Google OAuth handling
└── ReportService.php            # Report generation

// Example Service Class
class PointService
{
    public function addPoints(User $user, int $points, string $description)
    {
        return HistoryPoint::create([
            'user_id' => $user->id,
            'points' => $points,
            'type' => 'earned',
            'description' => $description,
        ]);
    }
    
    public function getTotalPoints(User $user): int
    {
        return $user->historyPoints()->sum('points');
    }
}

🔧 Configuration Structure

Config Files (config/)

config/
├── app.php                      # Application configuration
├── auth.php                     # Authentication configuration
├── cache.php                    # Cache configuration
├── database.php                 # Database configuration
├── filesystems.php              # File storage configuration
├── logging.php                  # Logging configuration
├── mail.php                     # Mail configuration
├── queue.php                    # Queue configuration
├── sanctum.php                  # API authentication
├── services.php                 # Third-party services
└── session.php                  # Session configuration

Custom Config Files

config/
├── points.php                   # Point system configuration
├── codes.php                    # Redeem code configuration
├── whatsapp.php                 # WhatsApp settings
└── barbershop.php               # Application-specific settings

🛣️ Route Structure

Routes (routes/)

routes/
├── web.php                      # Web routes
├── api.php                      # API routes (if needed)
└── console.php                  # Artisan commands

// Example Route Structure (web.php)
// Public routes
Route::get('/', [HomeController::class, 'index'])->name('home');
Route::get('/stores', [StoreController::class, 'index'])->name('stores.index');

// Authentication routes
Route::middleware('guest')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/login', [LoginController::class, 'show'])->name('login');
    Route::post('/login', [LoginController::class, 'authenticate']);
    Route::get('/register', [RegisterController::class, 'show'])->name('register');
});

// User dashboard routes
Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [UserController::class, 'dashboard'])->name('dashboard');
    Route::post('/redeem', [PointController::class, 'redeem'])->name('points.redeem');
});

// Admin routes
Route::prefix('admin')->middleware(['auth:admin'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/', [AdminController::class, 'dashboard'])->name('admin.dashboard');
    Route::resource('users', AdminUserController::class);
    Route::resource('codes', AdminCodeController::class);
});

🧪 Testing Structure

Tests (tests/)

tests/
├── Feature/                     # Feature tests
│   ├── Auth/                    # Authentication tests
│   ├── User/                    # User functionality tests
│   ├── Admin/                   # Admin functionality tests
│   └── Api/                     # API tests
├── Unit/                        # Unit tests
│   ├── Models/                  # Model tests
│   ├── Services/                # Service layer tests
│   └── Helpers/                 # Helper function tests
├── Browser/                     # Browser tests (Dusk)
└── TestCase.php                 # Base test class

Example Test Structure

// tests/Feature/Auth/LoginTest.php
class LoginTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;
    
    public function test_user_can_login_with_valid_credentials()
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create(['password' => Hash::make('password')]);
        
        $response = $this->post('/login', [
            'email' => $user->email,
            'password' => 'password',
        ]);
        
        $response->assertRedirect('/dashboard');
        $this->assertAuthenticatedAs($user);
    }
}

📦 Helper Structure

Helper Functions (app/Helper/)

Helper/
└── Common.php                   # Common utility functions

// Example Helper Functions
if (!function_exists('formatPoints')) {
    function formatPoints($points) {
        return number_format($points) . ' pts';
    }
}

if (!function_exists('generateCode')) {
    function generateCode($length = 8) {
        $characters = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ123456789';
        return substr(str_shuffle($characters), 0, $length);
    }
}

🔨 Console Commands

Custom Commands (app/Console/Commands/)

Commands/
├── CleanupExpiredCodes.php      # Clean expired redeem codes
├── GenerateReport.php           # Generate analytics reports
├── OptimizeDatabase.php         # Database optimization
└── SendNotifications.php        # Send batch notifications

// Example Command
class CleanupExpiredCodes extends Command
{
    protected $signature = 'barbershop:cleanup-codes';
    protected $description = 'Remove expired redeem codes';
    
    public function handle()
    {
        $deletedCount = ReedemCode::where('expires_at', '<', now())
            ->where('is_active', false)
            ->delete();
            
        $this->info("Deleted {$deletedCount} expired codes.");
    }
}

📊 Performance Considerations

Caching Strategy

// Model caching example
class Store extends Model
{
    public function getCachedReviews()
    {
        return Cache::remember("store.{$this->id}.reviews", 3600, function () {
            return $this->reviews()->with('user')->get();
        });
    }
}

// Query optimization
class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function dashboard()
    {
        $user = auth()->user()->load(['historyPoints' => function ($query) {
            $query->latest()->limit(10);
        }]);
        
        return view('dashboard', compact('user'));
    }
}

Database Optimization

// Eager loading to prevent N+1 queries
$stores = Store::with(['reviews.user'])
    ->withAvg('reviews', 'rating')
    ->withCount('reviews')
    ->get();

// Chunking for large datasets
User::chunk(1000, function ($users) {
    foreach ($users as $user) {
        // Process large user base in chunks
    }
});

🔒 Security Considerations

Input Validation

// Request validation
class RedeemCodeRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            'code' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20', 'regex:/^[A-Z0-9]+$/'],
        ];
    }
}

// Model protection
class User extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'phone'];
    protected $hidden = ['password', 'remember_token'];
    protected $casts = ['email_verified_at' => 'datetime'];
}

Authorization

// Policy-based authorization
class ReviewController extends Controller
{
    public function update(Review $review)
    {
        $this->authorize('update', $review);
        // Update logic
    }
}

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Next: Frontend Components untuk detail komponen UI dan interaksi frontend.