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The Sanctum is a large, randomly generated, underground dungeon in the overworld that stores Souls and uses their energy for sinister motives. These Souls can be found trapped in glass containers throughout the Sanctum, if released, will give you experience and escape the Sanctum. The walls of the structure have been warped with the twisted energy of souls and much of the lighting and maintenance of the structure is powered by the energy of souls. Guarding the structure are Sanctum Guards, if you make it through them, the structure ultimately leads to the central throne room, which upon entering will summon the Sanctum Keeper, Collector of Souls.

A randomly generated Sanctum and its layout displayed overhead in 2D

Sanctum Generation

The Sanctum generates underground in the Overworld in the same biomes the strongholds generate in. To locate the Sanctum, you'll need to get an Ominous Pearl and merge it with blaze powder in a smithing table. The Sanctum is a jigsaw structure type, and has 15 different room pieces that can generate and 28 total structure pieces. The structure is spaced with a max of 100 chunks and separated by a minimum of 50 chunks. The Sanctum generates 7 jigsaw levels meaning it will branch out 7 times from the center of the Sanctum.

Sanctum paths are the most common structure pieces of the Sanctum. The path pieces are Straight Path, Straight Path Bridge, Turn, Intersection, Stairs, Stairs Intersection, and Stairs Spiral. All room pieces have an equal chance of generating, an exception being the Allay room and Powerhouse room which have a 3 times higher chance than other rooms to generate. Corruption Labs generate in all Sanctums.

Lab

Within each Sanctum, a lab can be discovered to the left of the pathway of the center of the Sanctum. Within this lab, souls are experimented with and turned into corruptions. If the player truly wishes to, they too can create corruptions, specifically Corrupted Enderman.

To corrupt an enderman, first you'll need to create Corrupt Dust. The recipe for it is found on item frames on the walls of the room, but it cannot be created in a simple crafting table. You'll have to put the materials found on the item frame into the dispenser swirling with corruption particles in the exact positioning you see it on the item frames. If you removed the items from the frame or forgot the recipe, an image is displayed below of it.

You can only make Corrupt Dust within the Sanctum Lab. If you break the dispenser, it will just drop as a dispenser and work like one anywhere else. You can safely place it back in its original spot to reactivate the corrupter.

Powerhouse

The Sanctum's Powerhouse is the central source of power for the Sanctum. This Sanctum uses souls as fuel to generate heat and electricity, and uses sand as a catalyst of the process. One machine converts sand and souls into soul sand, and one machine burns the soul sand. A third machine in the Powerhouse has an unknown use, as when the machine is turned on, it goes through a meltdown.

You can use the sand converter to farm soul sand from sand. Any amount of sand should be placed into the glass container region, once done, flip the lever and after 0.25 seconds the sand will convert into soul sand. Souls are attached to the machine, if attempted to be freed, they will drop experience but will then be absorbed into the machine.