Spring5新特性之测试 - landy8530/spring-framework-lesson GitHub Wiki

• Junit Platform：启动测试框架的基础
• Junit Jupiter：测试框架的编程模型和扩展模型
• Junit Vintage：JUnit3、JUnit4的测试引擎

• Environment
• Servlet API
• JNDI

• TestContext 测试上下文

  • org.springframework.test.context.TestContext
  • 测试上下文的整合，包括Spring上下文和JUnit上下文

• @ContextConfiguration

  • org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration
  • 由于传统的Junit4不兼容RunWith（org.junit.runner.RunWith ），所以如果使用ContextConfiguration注解进行测试，则需要引入@ExtendWith（org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith）注解。

  @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
  @ContextConfiguration(classes = InMemoryUserService.class)
  //@SpringJUnitConfig(classes = InMemoryUserService.class)
  public class UserServiceJUnit5Test {
  
      @Autowired
      private UserService userService;
  } 

  • JUnit4与Spring的整合

  @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration(classes = InMemoryUserService.class)
  public class UserServiceJUnit4Test {
  
      @Autowired
      private UserService userService;
  }    

• @SpringJUnitConfig

  • org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig
  • 整合了@ExtendWith和@ContextConfiguration ，源码如下：

  @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
  @ContextConfiguration
  @Documented
  @Inherited
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  public @interface SpringJUnitConfig {
  }

  • 使用方法如下：

  @SpringJUnitConfig(classes = InMemoryUserService.class)
  public class UserServiceJUnit5Test {
  
      @Autowired
      private UserService userService;
      
   }   

• @SpringJunitWebConfig
• @RestTemplate

根据官方文档说明，使用JUnit5需要使用Idea2017.3以后的版本，否则会出现意想不到的问题。比如，明明已经引入了相关的Jar包，运行时出现 org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils类中的NoSuchMethod等异常。

IntelliJ IDEA releases prior to IDEA 2017.3 bundle specific versions of JUnit 5. Thus, if you want to use a newer version of JUnit Jupiter, execution of tests within the IDE might fail due to version conflicts. In such cases, please follow the instructions below to use a newer version of JUnit 5 than the one bundled with IntelliJ IDEA.

• Junit相关的MAVEN依赖如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

• Spring版本： <spring.version>5.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
• JDK版本：JDK_1.8_0_11
• Tomcat版本：TOMCAT_9_0_14

如果使用JDK_1.8_0_11版本，则运行如下Mock测试的时候，会出现异常。

 @Test
 public void testHttpServletRequestInDynamicMock() {
     // 动态代理 HttpServletRequest
     HttpServletRequest request= mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
     // 当需要调用 HttpServletRequest#getParameter 时，并且参数名称为"name"
     when(request.getParameter("name")).thenReturn("Landy");

    String value = request.getParameter("name");

    assertEquals("Landy",value);
}

异常如下：

org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException: 
Mockito cannot mock this class: interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest.

Mockito can only mock non-private & non-final classes.
If you're not sure why you're getting this error, please report to the mailing list.


Java               : 1.8
JVM vendor name    : Oracle Corporation
JVM vendor version : 25.11-b03
JVM name           : Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version        : 1.8.0_11-b12
JVM info           : mixed mode
OS name            : Windows 8.1
OS version         : 6.3


Underlying exception : java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: object is not an instance of declaring class

升级JDK版本至jdk1.8.0_202即可解决问题。再次运行就一切ok。

猜测可能是由于，我本地使用的环境是用Spring Boot2搭建的，他引入的Maven如下：

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

这样可以知道它所依赖的tomcat插件版本为tomcat9，根据如下规范对应表格，我们可以知道，HttpServletRequest依赖的JDK版本需要1.8.0_181以上。

通过查看tomcat插件的MANIFEST.MF文件可以知道JDK的具体版本为1.8.0_181。

Bundle-Name: TOMCAT_9_0_14
Bundle-SymbolicName: TOMCAT_9_0_14
Bundle-Version: 0
Created-By: 1.8.0_181 (Oracle Corporation)
DSTAMP: 20181206
Implementation-Title: Apache Tomcat
Implementation-Vendor: Apache Software Foundation
Implementation-Version: 9.0.14

• JUnit5： https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/
• Spring5 testing：https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.1.4.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/testing.html