Vim - kamialie/knowledge_corner GitHub Wiki

Lovely Vim

Contents

Hot keys

Abbreviation:

  • <> tags refer to user input:
    • <number> - insert number consisting [0-9]
    • <symbol> - alphanumber symbol
  • [argument | argument] - or, choose one of the options enclosed in square brackets

File/buffer manipulaton:

  • [:w] - save file
  • [:q!] - quit without saving changes
  • [:w] <file_name> - save current buffer as file_name
  • [:e] - edit specified buffer (can not switch to those with :n and :N)
  • [:b] <file_name> - opens specified buffer, auto-completion works as well (can use buffer number instead of file name as well)
  • [:bn] - go to next buffer
  • [:bp] - go to previous buffer
  • [:bd] <file_name> - delete buffer
  • [:ls] - list buffers
  • [:vs] - open new buffer vertically
  • [:sp] - open new buffer horizontally
  • [Ctrl][w] [arrows | [hjkl] | w] - move to another buffer
  • [Ctrl][w] [Shift] [hjkl] - move current buffer elsewhere
  • [Ctrl][w] <number> [+ | -] - increase/decrease the size of the current buffer
  • [:tabe] <file> - open file in another tab (to open multiple files in tabs add -p flag)
    • [gt] - go to the next tab
    • [gT] - go to previous tab
    • <i>[gt] - go to ith tab
  • [:tabm] <number> - move current tab elsewhere
  • [:tabs] - list all files in tabs
  • [:tabo] - close all tabs except current
  • [:tabc] - close current tab
    • <i> - close ith tab
  • [qa] - close all buffers/tabs
  • [:mks] <session_name> - save a session with tabs for next login
    • vim -S session_name - open session
    • vim -p file1 file2 file3 - open 3 files at ones in tabs
  • [:mks!] <session_name> - save changes to session (if you added/deleted tabs)
  • [:ls] - list current buffers
  • [:buffers] - same as previous
  • [:buffer] <n> - jump to nth buffer
  • [:b] - go to the next buffer
    • <substring> - unique filename substring will make it jump to that buffer
  • [ZZ] - save current file and exit (HACK!)

Open multiple file as follows:

$ vim file1 file2 file3

Then navigate with :n and :N commands, to go to the next/previous respectivly

Open file at particular line (plust actually executes any vim command):

$ vim file +<i>

Insert mode enter

Press while in normal mode:

  • [i] - under cursor
  • [I] - at the beginning of line
  • [a] - after cursor
  • [A] - at the end of line
  • [o] - new line under cursor
  • [O] - new line above cursor
  • [s] - delete character and insert
  • [S] - delete line and insert

Motion

Press while in normal mode:

  • [w] - go to the beginning of next word
  • [b] - go to the beginning of previous word
  • [e] - go to the end of current(next) word
  • [gg] - go to start of file
  • [G] - go to end of file
  • [Ctrl][e] - scroll down
  • [Ctrl][y] -scroll up
  • [Ctrl][d] - jump down half screen
  • [Ctrl][u] - jump up half screen
  • [Ctrl][f] - jump down full screen
  • [Ctrl][b] - jump up full screen
  • <number> [[gg] | [G]] - go to the specified line
  • [-] - go the previous line (beginning)
  • [+] - go to the next line (beginning)
  • [0] - go to beginning of line
  • [$] - go to end of line
  • [^] - go to the first non blank character on the line
  • [%] - go to matching bracket, quotes
  • [f]<symbol> - go to specified symbol in the current line; then use [;] or [,] to more the next or previous one respectively
  • [F]<symbol> - same as f, but backwards
  • [t]<symbol> - same as f, but go to one symbol before specified
  • [T]<symbol> - same as t, but backwards
  • [H] - go to the top of the screen
  • [M] - go to the middle of file
  • [L] - go to the last line
  • [z]
    • [z] - center current line
    • [t] - make current line the top most
    • [b] - same as above but bottom most
  • [Ctrl][o] - go to the previous jump (be careful with what is considered to be a jump in vim - hjkl are not jumps)
  • [Ctrl][i] - go to the next jump
  • [K] - find a reference to the function under cursor

Jump history

  • [:jumps] - view history
  • [Ctrl][i] - go to next jump
  • [Ctrl][o] - go to previous jump

Editing

  • [r] <letter> - replace letter under cursor
  • [R] - enter replace mode, every typed character deletes existing one
  • [v] - enter visual mode
  • [Shift][v] - enter visual line mode
  • [Ctrl][v] - enter visual block mode
  • [C] - erase from cursor till end of line and enter insert mode
  • [cc] - erase current line and enter insert mode
  • [ce] - delete current word and go to insert mode
  • [d] - delete operator
    • [w] - until next word, excluding first character
    • [e] - until next word, including first character
    • [i] - inside; for example di“ - delete everything inside quotes; works the same with [c]
      • [p] - paragraph
      • [t] - tags
      • ["] - quotes

Copy/paste/cut

  • [[yy] | [Y]] - copy current line
  • [[dd] | [D]] - cut current line
  • [[y] | [d]] - copy or cut
    • [[j] | [arrow down]] - current and line below
    • [[k] | [arrow up]] - current and line above
  • [:]<start>[,]<end>[[y] | [d]] - copy or cut line between lines start and end (included); you can also copy/cut till label - just create a label somewhere, then use [y][']<label>
  • [p] - paste line under cursor
  • [Shift][p] - paste line before cursor ([g][Shift][p] - paste before cursor and move to the next line)
  • [x] - cut character under cursor
  • [“]<letter>[command] - specify the buffer for the command
    • [\_] - underscore, empty buffer
  • <number>[operation] - do operation number of times
  • [.] - repeat last operation in a whole
  • [:read] <filename> - yank and paste everything from specified file into current buffer; can prefix command with line number (including -1, previous line) to specify where to paste the content
  • While in insert mode:
    • [Ctrl][r]<register> - insert text from specified register (register is any lowercase letter)
    • [Ctrl][r][a] - insert text from dot register (dot register holds last modification you made in insert mode
  • [J] - append line below to the current (physically move it)

Use of registers - ["][any lower or upper case letter][command] will copy to or paste from that register

Search and substitution

  • [*] - go to next occurence of the word under cursor; also highlights all occureneces
  • [/]<text> - got to the first character of first occurence of text in file starting from cursor location
    • [\c] - turn on ignore case search for just one search
    • [n] - go to next occurence
    • [N] - go to previous occurrence
  • [?]<text> - same as previous, but backwards
  • [:][s][/]<old>[/]<new> - substitute first occurrence of old by new (type [%] before s for entire file)
    • [/] - additional options, concatinate to command command (above); options below can be used separetely or together
      • [g] - all in current line
      • [c] - confirm before doing
      • :s/i/o/gc - substitute all occurences of i by o in the current line and ask confirmation before doing each substitution
  • [:]<number>[,]<number> - apply next operation in between lines specified
  • [:noh] - turn off highlighting

Abbreviation

  • [:abb] <abbreviation> <exp> - create an abbreviation which will be expanded to exp

Type abbreviation, press space and it will be automatically expanded. Press Ctrl-v and then space to avoid expansion.

Back to the future

  • [u] - undo last command
  • [U] - return current line to its original form
  • [Ctrl][r] - undo undos

Marks and folders

Highlight region in vim, then [[:][fold] | [zf]] - fold lines

fo - is short for fold

  • <number>[,]<number>[fo] - same as previous, folder in between lines specified (toggle is same)
  • [,][+]<number>[fo] - fold current line and lines passed relative to it (below it)
  • [mb][%][zf’b] - fold lines !dont try this, needs checking!
  • [za] - open/close toggle
  • [zo] - open folding
  • [zc] - close folding
  • [zd] - delete folding
  • [m][any_lowercase_character] - create local mark
  • [m][any_uppercase_letter] - create global mark
  • ['][label] - go to the mark created before (single quote or backtick); . (dot) is an automatic mark, which is last place where a change was made
    • [']['] - go to last jump

docs on marks

Macros:

  • [q]<letter>[command sequence][q] - record macros
    • [@]<letter> - apply to the current cursor location
    • [@@] - rerun last macros
  • [[Ctrl][N] | [Ctrl][P]] - autocomplete
  • [Ctrl][X] [Ctrl][N] - autocomplete only in current file
  • [Ctrl][X] [Ctrl][F] - autocomplete for filenames

Fun stuff:

  • [[Operation]<count>[motion]] - for example, [d2w] - deletes next two words

  • [:!][shell_command] - run shell command within vim

  • [:make] - trigger make within your vim!

  • [Ctrl][R][=][expression] - calculator in vim!!! Use it in insert mode - result will be printed in file

  • anything preceded with + in command line will be interpeted as a vim command; example removing first two lines in a file:

     $ vim +1,2d +wq file.txt

  • vim -d file1 file2 - open two files with vim in diff mode; do - diff obtain, dp - diff put; from within vim [:diffsplit] <filename> or [:vert] [diffsplit] <filename>; [:set] [diffopt] - check diff options; [:set] dip+=vertical - make vertical split the default

  • [g][f] - open file while on the filename in vim; can even do on URLs! (if you have wget or curl installed)

  • [g][Shift][f] - open file on the specified column and row (if it is in the following format - hello.txt:10:22, fe, complier error)

  • [r] [!][ls] - insert output of command into current buffer

  • [%][!] [jq][.] - run jq on current file (THIS IS CRAZY)

Help

  • [:help] [user] - open endless manual
  • [Ctrl][]] - jump into topic
  • [Ctrl][o] - go back

Spell checking

  • ]s [s - move to misspelled word
  • z= - open suggestions list
  • zg - add word to vim's dictionary
  • zw - mark word as incorrect

Configuration

  • [:set] - view all current settings
  • [:help] option-summary - all available options
  • [:set] [clipboard=unnamedplus] - connect system and vim clipboards

Debugging

Steps to get started

  1. :packadd termdebug - load the plugin
  2. :Termdebug - start debugging
  3. (gdb) file a.out - load the program (alternatively pass a.out to the command above)

(gdb) quit - quit debugger

Simple commads

  • (gdb) next, :Over - execute current line and stop at the next line
  • (gdb) step, :Step - execute current line and stop at the next statement, entering functions
  • (gdb) finish, :Finish - execute until leaving the current function
  • (gdb) where, :Break - show the stack
  • (gdb) frame <N> - go to Nth stack frame
  • (gdb) continue, :Continue - continue execution
  • CTRL-C, :Stop - interrupt the program
  • (gdb) print, :Evaluate :Ev - evaluate expression under cursor

Other commands

  • :Gdb - jump to gdb window
  • :Program - jump to program window
  • :Source - jump to source code window or create one
  • :Break - set a breakpoint at the current line
  • :Clear - delete a breakpoint at the current line

Create your own shortcuts that will work in any window using TermDebugSendCommand() function, which takes gdb command as argument:

map ,w :call TermDebugSendCommand('where')<CR>

gdb reference

Plugins

Interesting links

Installation on systems

Links

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