IP Addressing - jude-lindale/Wiki GitHub Wiki

  • Internet Protocol (IP) addressing provides a solution to worldwide addressing through incorporating a unique address that identifies the computer’s local network. IP network numbers are assigned by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), the agency that assigns IP addresses to computer networks and makes sure no two different networks are assigned the same IP network address.
  • IP addresses are classified as either IPv4 or IPv6. IP version 4 (IPv4) is the current TCP/IP addressing technique being used on the Internet.
  • Both IPv4 and IPv6 are being supported by manufacturers of networking equipment and the latest computer operating systems.
  • The IP address is a 32-bit address that identifies on which network a computer is located and differentiates the computer from all other devices on that network. The address is divided into four 8-bit parts. The format for the IP address is: A.B.C.D where the A.B.C.D values are written as the decimal equivalent of the 8-bit binary value. The range for each of the decimal values is 0–255. | Class | Description | Class Description Examples of IP Numbers | Maximum Number of Hosts | |---|---|---|---| |Class A |Governments(very large networks)|44.x.x.x. |224=16,777,214 | |Class B |Midsize companies, universities, and so on |128.123.x.x |216=65,534 | |Class C |Small networks |192.168.1.x | 28=254 | | Class D |Reserved for multicast groups |224.x.x.x|not applicable |
Class Adress range
Class A 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
  • The decimal numbers indicate the network number, which is the portion of the IP address that defines which network the IP packet is originating from or being delivered to.
  • The x entries for each class represent the host number, which is the portion of the IP address that defines the address of the networking device connected to the network.
  • The host number is also called the host address.
  • _The network number provides sufficient information for routing the data to the appropriate destination network. A device on the destination network then uses the remaining information (the x portion) to direct the packet to the destination computer or host. The x portion of the address is typically assigned by the local network system administrator or is dynamically assigned when users need access outside their local networks. _
  • a group of IP addresses called private addresses for assigning IP addresses to networks.
  • Private addresses are IP addresses set aside for use in private intranets. An intranet is an internal internetwork that provides file and resource sharing. Private addresses are not valid addresses for Internet use because they have been reserved for internal use and are not routable on the Internet.
  • These addresses can be used within a private LAN (intranet) to create an IP internetwork. An IP internetwork uses IP addressing to identify devices connected to the network and is also the addressing scheme used in TCP/IP networks. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is the protocol suite used for internetworks such as the Internet.
  • The three address blocks for the private IP addresses are as follows:
    • 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255
    • 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255
    • 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255