Concepts: Multi hazard, Multi hazard risk, Multi risk - jcgomezz/Building_taxonomy GitHub Wiki

The following is based on Gallina et al., 2016:

Specifically, the multi-hazard concept is related to the analysis of different relevant hazards, triggering and cascade effects threatening the same exposed elements with or without temporal concurrence (Komendantova et al., 2014).

According to Gaillina et al, 2016, it is possible to summarise two main approaches that consider both hazards and vulnerability:

  • the multi-hazard risk assessment (Kappes et al., 2012a)
  • the multi-risk assessment (Carpignano et al., 2009; Garcia-Aristizabal and Marzocchi, 2012a, 2012b; Kappes et al., 2012a).

The multi-hazard risk assessment provide an analysis of different hazards -aggregating them in a multi-hazard index - and the assessment of a total territorial vulnerability (i.e. no hazard-dependent vulnerability) allowing a multi-hazard risk assessment. The multi-hazard risk methodologies perform a qualitative aggregation of hazards and vulnerability by means of questionnaires (Greiving, 2006; Greiving et al., 2006; Olfert et al., 2006; Schmidt-Thome, 2006  ) or semi-quantitative assessment assigning scores and weights to the identified classes (Wipulanusat et al., 2009). However, the results allow a classification of the multihazard risk in qualitative terms (e.g. low, medium, high).

The multi-risk assessment, is more complex and it comprises both multi-hazard and multi-vulnerability concepts taking into account possible hazards and vulnerability interactions (Carpignano et al., 2009; Garcia-Aristizabal and Marzocchi, 2012a, 2012b). The multi-risk methodologies, the approaches are more focused on the quantitative assessment of the multi-risk, allowing a more detailed analysis of hazard and vulnerability correlations.

Among the EU FP7 project, the "New Multi-Hazard and Multi-Risk Assessment Methods for Europe (MATRIX project)" (Farrokh and Zhongqiang, 2013), three different methods are suggested for the description and quantification of the interactions:

  • Event tree,
  • Bayesian networks
  • time stepping Monte Carlo simulations.

Also, robust analyses and monitoring of environmental risks are the main tools provided by AMRA centre (www.amracenter.com) (AMRA, 2012) for the development of quantitative multi-risk approaches in different EU funded projects (NaRAs, MATRIX, CLUVA and ByMur, e.g., Komendantova et al., 2014)

References:

  • Gallina V, Torresan S, Critto A, et al (2016) A review of multi-risk methodologies for natural hazards: Consequences and challenges for a climate change impact assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 168:123–132. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.011.

  • Komendantova, N., Mrzyglocki, R., Mignan, A., Khazai, B., Wenzel, F., Patt, A., Fleming, K., 2014. Multi-hazard and - multi-risk decision support tools as a part of participatory risk governance: feedback from civil protection stakeholders. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 8, 50e67.