access modifer - ibrahimrifats/Back-End-development GitHub Wiki

Access modifiers are used in programming languages to control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods, and variables within a program. Different programming languages have their own sets of access modifiers, but here are some common ones found in various languages:

1. Public: The public access modifier allows a class, method, or variable to be accessible from anywhere in the program, including from other classes and external code.

2. Private: The private access modifier restricts the visibility of a class member (method or variable) to only within the class itself. It cannot be accessed from outside the class.

3. Protected: The protected access modifier allows a class member to be accessible within the class and its subclasses (derived classes or subclasses) but not accessible from outside.

4. Internal: This access modifier is specific to languages like C# and allows access to class members within the same assembly (a compiled unit of code) but not from external assemblies.

5. Package-Private (Default in Java): In languages like Java, if no access modifier is specified, the class member has package-private access, which means it is accessible within the same package but not from outside the package.

6. Friend (C++): In C++, the "friend" keyword allows a function or class to have access to private and protected members of a class as if it were a member of that class.

Input	Output
keyword (string)	accessLevel (string)
accessType
-------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------
"public"	If accessType is "class", "method", or "variable",
	Set accessLevel to "anywhere can access".
-------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------
"private"	If accessType is "class", "method", or "variable",
	Set accessLevel to "restricted to within the class".
-------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------
"protected"	If accessType is "class", "method", or "variable",
	Set accessLevel to "accessible within the class and its subclasses".
-------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------
"internal"	If accessType is "class", "method", or "variable",
	Set accessLevel to "accessible within the same assembly (in C#)".
-------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Any other value	Set accessLevel to "Invalid access modifier".
-------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Python: Python does not have traditional access modifiers like public, private, or protected. Instead, it uses a single underscore (_) convention to indicate that a variable or method is intended to be used internally within a class, but it doesn't strictly enforce encapsulation.