02 Healthcare Domain Knowledge - hmislk/hmis GitHub Wiki

Healthcare Domain Knowledge & Terminology

Session Overview

Duration: 2 hours Prerequisites: Session 1 completion Session Type: Foundation

Learning Objectives

  • Master essential medical terminology and healthcare abbreviations
  • Understand healthcare industry structure and key stakeholders
  • Learn major healthcare regulations (HIPAA, FDA) and their impact on BA work
  • Map patient care workflows and clinical processes

Key Topics

1. Healthcare Industry Structure

Key Stakeholders

  • Providers: Hospitals, clinics, physician practices, specialists
  • Payers: Insurance companies, Medicare/Medicaid, self-pay patients
  • Suppliers: Pharmaceutical companies, medical device manufacturers
  • Regulators: CMS, FDA, state health departments
  • Technology Vendors: EHR vendors, HMIS providers, digital health companies

Healthcare Delivery Models

  • Primary Care: First point of contact, preventive care, basic treatment
  • Secondary Care: Specialist care, outpatient procedures
  • Tertiary Care: Advanced specialized care, complex procedures
  • Quaternary Care: Experimental and rare condition treatment

2. Essential Medical Terminology

Clinical Terms

  • EMR/EHR: Electronic Medical/Health Records
  • ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision
  • CPT: Current Procedural Terminology
  • DRG: Diagnosis-Related Groups
  • SOAP: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan (clinical documentation format)

Healthcare Processes

  • Admission: Patient registration and bed assignment
  • Discharge: Patient release and care transition planning
  • Transfer: Moving patients between departments/facilities
  • Census: Patient count and bed occupancy tracking
  • Rounds: Physician visits and patient status reviews

3. Regulatory Framework

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

  • Privacy Rule: Protects patient health information
  • Security Rule: Safeguards electronic protected health information
  • Business Associate Agreements: Required for third-party vendors
  • Impact on BA Work: All requirements must consider privacy and security implications

FDA Regulations

  • Medical Device Regulation: Software as Medical Device (SaMD) considerations
  • Clinical Trial Requirements: If HMIS supports research activities
  • Quality Management: 21 CFR Part 820 for medical device software

Other Key Regulations

  • CMS Guidelines: Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement requirements
  • Joint Commission Standards: Hospital accreditation requirements
  • State Licensing: Varies by state, affects system requirements

4. Patient Care Workflows

Typical Patient Journey

  1. Registration/Scheduling: Patient demographic capture, insurance verification
  2. Check-in: Arrival confirmation, co-pay collection
  3. Clinical Assessment: Vital signs, chief complaint documentation
  4. Diagnosis and Treatment: Clinical decision-making, order entry
  5. Documentation: Clinical notes, procedure documentation
  6. Billing: Charge capture, coding, claims submission
  7. Follow-up: Discharge planning, care coordination

Clinical Documentation Requirements

  • Legal Requirements: Medical records as legal documents
  • Quality Metrics: Core measures, patient safety indicators
  • Reimbursement Impact: Documentation affects payment
  • Continuity of Care: Information sharing between providers

Practical Exercises

  1. Terminology Quiz: Match medical abbreviations with definitions
  2. Stakeholder Analysis: Create a stakeholder map for HMIS implementation
  3. Workflow Mapping: Document patient flow from admission to discharge
  4. Regulation Impact Assessment: Identify HIPAA implications for new features

Key Takeaways

  • Healthcare terminology is essential for effective communication with clinical staff
  • Multiple regulations impact every aspect of healthcare technology
  • Patient workflows are complex and involve multiple touchpoints
  • Understanding the business of healthcare (reimbursement, quality metrics) is crucial

Common Healthcare Abbreviations Reference

  • ADT: Admission, Discharge, Transfer
  • LOS: Length of Stay
  • NPO: Nothing by mouth (nil per os)
  • PRN: As needed (pro re nata)
  • STAT: Immediately (statim)
  • QOD: Every other day
  • BID: Twice daily (bis in die)
  • TID: Three times daily (ter in die)

Next Session Preview

Session 3 will provide a comprehensive overview of Hospital Management Information Systems (HMIS), including architecture, core modules, and integration points.

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