We are learning Calculating IP & Subnets Manually...

IP ::- [ INTERNET PROTOCOLS ] Every server needs an IP to communicate with another server and IP is always Needed weather it is internal aur Public Level. It is made up of 4 OCTET Every...It's an combination of Eight Binary no . Either it is (1) or (0).

EX ::- 0.0.0.0    then again it will start from 
       0.0.0.1        0.0.1.0        0.0.2.0
       0.0.0.2        0.0.1.1        0.0.2.1
       0.0.0.3        0.0.1.2        0.0.2.2
         till           till           till
       0.0.0.255     0.0.1.255       0.0.2.255

Calculating the IP.

2⁰ = 1 / 2¹ = 2 / 2² = 4 / 2³ = 8 / 2⁴ = 16 / 2⁵ = 32 / 2⁶ = 64 / 2⁷ = 128..[(0 + 1 = 1) , (0 + 0 = 0) , (1 + 1 = 10)]

Always Calculation is done from Right to Left...

Calculting Subnets (Freezing)...

Step 1: Find the Subnet Mask

A full IP has 32 bits. If 26 bits are turned "on" (1s) for the network, the remaining 6 bits are "off" (0s) for the hosts.

Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

Convert to Decimal: The first three octets are fully on, so they equal 255.255.255.

For the last octet, look at the position values of the bits that are turned on (128 + 64 = 192).

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192

Step 2: Calculate the Number of Subnets

To find out how many subnets you created, count how many bits you borrowed from the "default" class. 192.x.x.x is a Class C network, which defaults to 24 bits (/24).

2^2 = 4 subnets.

Step 3: Calculate Total Hosts per Subnets..

Look at the remaining "off" bits (0s) in the subnet mask. Out of 32 total bits, 26 are used, leaving 6 bits for hosts.

2^6 = 64 total IP addresses per subnet.

Step 4: Calculate Usable Hosts per Subnet

In every subnet, you cannot use the Superior/first address (Network ID) or the last address (Broadcast ID). You Have to always subtract 2.

64 - 2 = 64 usable hosts per subnet.

Step 5: Find the (Block Size)

256 - 192 = (64).