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Is there any productive augmentative marking on the noun (exclude marking by system of nominal classification only)?
Summary
Augmentative marking generally intensifies the noun (in various ways). To code 1, the marker needs to minimally encode a large size of the noun it is attached to. This needs to be a productive pattern.
Procedure
- Code 1 if there is a morpheme which is phonologically bound to nouns and which denotes a large version of the noun it is attached to.
- Code 0 if augmentatives are only expressed by a shift of gender/noun class and consider GB314.
- Code 0 if the author states there are no augmentative markers or if there is extensive evidence of their absence.
- Code ? if there is not enough evidence.
Examples
Hixkaryana (ISO 639-3: hix, Glottolog: hixk1239)
Coded 1. There is a phonologically bound augmentative marker on the noun marking larger size (Derbyshire 1979:83-4).
toto-ymo
person-AUG
the big man’
Tehuelche (ISO 639-3: teh, Glottolog: tehu1242)
Coded 0. Augmentative marking is not observed, neither in grammatical sections, nor in sample texts (Fernández Garay 2004:9-29).
Further reading
Dahl, Östen. 2006. Diminutives and augmentatives. In Keith Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 594–595. Second edition. Oxford: Elsevier.
Shepardson, Kenneth N. 1982. An integrated analysis of Swahili augmentative-diminutives. Studies in African linguistics, 13(1). 53–76.
References
Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1979. Hixkaryana. (Lingua Descriptive Studies, 1.) Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Fernández Garay, Ana. 2004. Diccionario Tehuelche-Español / índice Español-Tehuelche. (Indigenous Languages of Latin America, 4.) Leiden: CNWS Publications.
Related Features
- GB187 Is there any productive diminutive marking on the noun (exclude marking by system of nominal classification only)?
- GB314 Can augmentative meaning be expressed productively by a shift of gender/noun class?
- GB315 Can diminutive meaning be expressed productively by a shift of gender/noun class?
Patron
Jay Latarche and Jeremy Collins