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Are there multiple sets of verbs that each combine with different sets of (inflectional) markers in finite forms? We are concerned with whether there is non-phonological allomorphy of finiteness marking on verbs depending on which verb is chosen. Phonological rules are not considered here but they may correlate with non-phonological allomorphy. Conjugation classes that are lexically assigned are relevant for coding this feature. Please note that a class of suppletive verbs does not count.

Look for finiteness markers such as:

• Person: first, second, third
• Number: singular, plural, dual and trial
• Gender: masculine, feminine or neuter
• Tense: present, past, or future
• Aspect: perfect, perfective, progressive
• Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative, optative
• Voice: active, middle, or passive

1. Code 1 if finite verbs are inflected differently depending on what verb is used.
2. Code 1 if there is a two-way distinction between ‘regular’ and ‘irregular’ verbs and there are more than two irregular verbs.
3. Code 0 if differences in the forms of TAM, indexing, or voice markers for finite verbs result purely from morphophonological alternations.

Kedang (ISO 639-3: ksx, Glottolog: keda1252)

Coded 1. Kedang has 3 conjugational classes. Class 1 has fourteen verbs, which take five person and number prefixes. Class 2 has four verbs, which take two person prefixes. Class 3 has one irregular verb form which may take the same markers as class 2 or two of its own (Samely 1991: 94–95).

Verb Class 1							Verb Class 2								Verb Class 3
ahu ‘to scoop water’							a ‘to eat’								uq ‘to take’
		Singular		Plural					Singular		Plural						Singular		Plural
Person							Person								Person
1st ex.		ahu		m-ahu			1st excl.		a		k-a				1st excl.		uq		k-uq
1st incl.				t-ahu			1st incl.				a				1st incl.				k-uq uq
2nd		m-ahu		m-ahu			2nd		k-a		k-a				2nd		k-uq		k-uq
3rd		n-ahu		s-ahu			3rd		k-a		a				3rd		k-uq		k-uq uq

Yulu (ISO 639-3: yul, Glottolog: yulu1243)

Coded 1. Different classes of verbs have different tonal contours when conjugated. The tonal contours of the conjugated verbs are not predictable from the uninflected forms of the verbs (Boyeldieu 1987: 169–172).

Meaning	Citation form	2SG conjugation	3SG conjugation
‘to sew’	l-èes	èesē	ēesē
‘to think’	l-êes	èesè	ēesè
‘to ignore’	l-ìg	īgǐ	ígǐ
‘to dig’	l-ǐg	ǐgì	ǐgī
‘to lift’	l-ùul	ùulū	ūulū
‘to kiss’	l-ūul	ūulù	úulù

Bardi (ISO 639-3: bcj, Glottolog: bard1255)

Coded as 0. Bowern (2004) identifies three classes of verb roots: monovalent roots which do not take the transitive prefix n- ~ a- or an object marker, bivalent roots which subcategorize for two arguments and do take the transitive prefix n- ~ a- and ambitransitive roots which have direct object marking but may not take the transitive prefix n- ~ a-. These are transitivity classes rather than conjugational classes (Bowern 2004: 134).

Oltra-Massuet, Isabel. 2020. Conjugation class. Oxford research encyclopedia of linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bowern, Claire. 2004. Bardi verb morphology in historical perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. (Doctoral dissertation.)

Boyeldieu, Pascal. 1987. Les langues fer ("kara") et yulu du nord centrafricain: esquisses descriptives et lexiques. (Publ. du Dépt. Languages et Parole en Afrique Central (LAPAC, bl. du Dépt. Languages et Parole en Afrique Central (LAPAC).) Paris: Geuthner.

Samely, Ursula. 1991. Kedang (Eastern Indonesia): some aspects of its grammar. (Forum phoneticum, 46.) Hamburg: Helmut Buske.

• GB082 Is there overt morphological marking of present tense on verbs?
• GB083 Is there overt morphological marking on the verb dedicated to past tense?
• GB084 Is there overt morphological marking on the verb dedicated to future tense?
• GB086 Is a morphological distinction between perfective and imperfective aspect available on verbs?
• GB089 Can the S argument be indexed by a suffix/enclitic on the verb in the simple independent clause?
• GB090 Can the S argument be indexed by a prefix/proclitic on the verb in the simple independent clause?
• GB091 Can the A argument be indexed by a suffix/enclitic on the verb in the simple independent clause?
• GB092 Can the A argument be indexed by a prefix/proclitic on the verb in the simple independent clause?
• GB093 Can the P argument be indexed by a suffix/enclitic on the verb in the simple independent clause?
• GB094 Can the P argument be indexed by a prefix/proclitic on the verb in the simple independent clause?
• GB095 Are variations in marking strategies of core participants based on TAM distinctions?
• GB110 Is there verb suppletion for tense or aspect?
• GB147 Is there a morphological passive marked on the lexical verb?
• GB148 Is there a morphological antipassive marked on the lexical verb?
• GB309 Are there multiple past or multiple future tenses, distinguishing distance from Time of Reference?
• GB312 Is there overt morphological marking on the verb dedicated to mood?
• GB400 Are all person categories neutralized in some voice, tense, aspect, mood and/or negation?

Jay Latarche and Jeremy Collins